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This new (Bell Beaker) type was tall, round headed and frequently planoccipital; its nose was prominent and narrow; its face triangular and of moderate length. In its associated morphological features, it forecast the appearance of the Dinaric race.
Carleton Stevens Coon
Races of Europe
(Chapter V, section 13)
Summary and conclusions
Macmillam Press
1939
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The Bell Beaker group is more extreme in many ways; the browridges are often heavy, the general ruggedness frequently greater. The faces are characteristically narrow, the orbits medium to high, the nasal skeleton high and aquiline; the occiput frequently flat. The stature for six males reached the high mean of 177 cm.
Carleton Stevens Coon
Races of Europe
(Chapter V, section 7)
The Copper Age in Europe North of the Mediterranean Lands: Danubian Movements and Bell Beakers
Macmillam Press
1939
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These Dinarics did not come from central Asia, nor from Mesopotamia or Egypt. Facially, they resemble the dolichocephalic residents of Asia Minor and the eastern Mediterranean coastlands of the period during which they first appeared, in that both have in common a high-bridged, high-rooted nose, high orbits, and a sloping forehead. Until further evidence is found, it is safer to hold that the culture-bearing Dinarics of the Bronze Age developed in the Syrian highlands, where a similar type of brachycephaly is now present...
As the Bell Beaker people, these newcomers traveled from Spain to the Rhineland and to central Europe, where they were the first disseminators of metal. Having appeared in the Rhineland in considerable numbers, they mixed with the older Borreby sub-stratum, which had remained there since the Mesolithic, and with Corded people coming from the east. This triple combination moved bodily down the Rhine and across the North Sea to Britain.
Carleton Stevens Coon
Races of Europe
(Chapter V, section 13)
Summary and conclusions
Macmillam Press
1939
Quote:
A succession of Kurgan waves of expansion was set out, the fourth influencing the Vucedol culture of Yugoslavia. This was significant for the further 'Kurganization' of Europe by the Bell Beaker people.
The Bell Beaker complex, an offshoot of the Vucedol Bloc, continued Kurgan characteristics. The Bell Beaker people of the second half of the 3rd millennium BC were vagabonding horse riders and archers in much the same way as their uncles and cousins, the Corded people of northern Europe and the Catacombe Grave people of the North Pontic region. Their spread over central and Western Europe to the British Islands and Spain, as well as the Mediterranean Islands terminates the period of expansion and destruction.
(Marija Gimbutas, 1973)
Colin Renfrew
Archaology and Language
Chapter 3: Lost Languages & Forgotten Scripts
Page: 39
Penguin
1987
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It seems likely that the Beaker folk arrived along the same route as their Mediterranean kinsmen, the Neolithic farmers (see: Section 2). The Beaker people were not just another branch of the Mediterranean type, as Coon insisted to his death (see: Adventures & Discoveries, 1981). It will be shown when the subject is taken up in the next part of this section that this differentiation does have a genetic basis. For now, Harrison adds more insight on the matter:
Similar conclusions were drawn for France and adjoining territories and it is clear that these large, round, steep heads are not to be derived from Mediterranean populations.
R.J Harrison
The Beaker Folk
Chapter 7
Page 160-162
Thames & Hudson, London
1980
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It is, therefore, possible that the present Dinaric populations of the Dinaric Alps and the Carpathians may be derived in part from this eastward invasion. The small numbers and scattered burial habits of the Bell Beaker people on the more densely populated plains of Europe must have made them of much less ethnic importance there than in the mountains.
Carleton Stevens Coon
Races of Europe
(Chapter V, section 7)
The Copper Age in Europe North of the Mediterranean Lands: Danubian Movements and Bell Beakers
Macmillam Press
1939
Quote:
In their Rhineland center, the more numerous Bell Beaker people had constant relationships with the inhabitants of Denmark, who were still burying in corridor tombs. Furthermore, the Corded people, one branch of whom invaded Jutland and introduced the single-grave type of burial, also migrated to the Rhine Valley, and here amalgamated themselves with the Bell Beaker people, who were already in process of mixing with their Borreby type neighbors. The result of this triple fusion was a great expansion, and a population overflow down the Rhine, in the direction of Britain.
Carleton Stevens Coon
Races of Europe
(Chapter V, section 13)
Summary and conclusions
Macmillam Press
1939
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The main work on Bell Beaker physical anthropology has centered on the skeletons found with Beaker pottery in Central and Western Germany where five main types of skulls were sorted out. Of prime importance is a large round skull with a flattened occipital bone at the back. This type, according to Gerhardt, forms the core of the Beaker population. The men, in particular were strongly built and before the appearance of Bell Beakers, their physical type was not often found in Germany or anywhere else north of the Alps…
R.J Harrison
The Beaker Folk
Chapter 7
Page 160-162
Thames & Hudson, London
1980
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…in all primitive societies where metal work is carried out, the people concerned exist as separate tribes, castes or communities. They exist among other craftsmen but without interbreeding (…) When they traveled among the tribal societies of Central Europe, they evidently lived apart from the barbarians… Very widely the metal workers are wandering groups who trade while they work.
The Evolution of Man and Society
C.D Darlington
Page 130
Simon & Schuster
New York
1969
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Gerhardt pointed out that...there seemed to be a fusion of several tribes, without any intermixing. The men had the typical large, round, steep heads; it was the women who were largely responsible for the mixed character of the population as a whole…foreign men could have married women from the surrounding communities, who would be different in each area where Beaker pottery was introduced by the newcomers (…) In Bell Beaker contexts, these special skulls are known from Britain, France and even Spain (…)
R.J Harrison
The Beaker Folk
Chapter 7
Page 160-162
Thames & Hudson, London
1980
Quote:
According to Darlington, a PhD and pioneering Geneticist and Anthropologist:
…the shaping of the stones at Stonehenge uses the same technique as that of the Egyptian obelisks…
Further, the stone circle is a feature of the worship of certain Beaker people known in other countries who on the trade journeys passed close by the Presley mountains where they had found the bluestones for their altar.
The people who speak Celtic languages must owe their special character rather to the earlier people who existed in the Western countries, people who arose from the fusion of Neolithic, Megalithic and Bell Beaker people, people with the largest Paleolithic content in Europe.
The Evolution of Man and Society
C.D Darlington
Page 146
Simon & Schuster, New York
1969