The Sayan Archaeological Complex

[Vesuvian Sky]

PAPER: The Southern Migration of the Sayan Archaeological Complex
Published in the Journal of Indo-European studies Volume 40

http://www.jies.org/DOCS/jies_index/Vol40.html

http://www.clarkriley.com/JIES4034we...a(434-456).pdf

ABSTRACT

The present article covers the problem of the origin of
innovations in the material complex of Harappa in terms of
Northern influences. The Sayan complex of archaeological
cultures of the Early Bronze Age, composed mainly of
descendants of the Afanasyevo and Okunevo tribes, formed a
single archaeological entity which migrated southwards to
the upper reaches of the Indus River and further westwards to
eastern Anatolia. The spread of the influence of the Sayan
complex over vast regions was based not only on the
technologies new for that period but also on its powerful
ideological impact on the local population. We can select a
set of the most important evidence, which accompanied the
“Sayan Archaeological Complex”: 1-images of horned
deities; 2-ceramics with basal motifs; 3- chariots and methods
of horse harnessing; 4- Okunevo petroglyphs found along the
Karakorum high road not far from Harappa; 5- some common
features in material culture such as types of knives, pottery,
burials in stone cists. During the movement ethnic groups of
different origin flowed into the migration stream. The
Okunevo population dominated this complex of people,
providing an ideological influence on others and uniting all
into one super-ethnos, under a single ethnonym – Arya.

KEY POINTS

As often occurs in science, substantial evidence on
the migration of the northern complex to India was long
ago discovered and published, but for unknown (or
unclear) reasons this evidence has not evoked an adequate
response in the appropriate fields of studies.

Ernest Mackay, who published the mask from Harappa
and the “priest” figure from Mohenjo-daro, pointed out
that they in no way correspond to the local small plastic art
traditions and held them as imports. Of the Harappan
terracottas proper, a minutely developed canon is
characteristic: these are female statuettes with luxuriant
locks and round eyes rendered with appliqués or pits.
Against such a background, the maskoids and “priests” are
noteworthy precisely because of their peculiarity.
According to Mackay, these statuettes are of a distinctly
Mongoloid appearance and differ sharply in their facial
type from the ordinary examples. They were retrieved from
one of the lowest strata of the city and suggest that its
population may have had an admixture of Mongoloid blood
introduced, possibly, by newcomers from the North-West,
or perhaps from the Iranian Plateau where, during
excavations in Tepe Hissar, several very ancient Mongoloid
skulls were found (Mackay 1951:133).

it should be recalled that the
anthropological type of the Okunevo people combines
peculiarly Mongoloid and European features. Among these
traits, researchers lay stress on the massive facial skeleton,
brachycrania and, simultaneously, a fairly sharp profile of
the face. The anthropological type of the figures represented on the maskoids and
sculptures of priests, as it seems, also displays a European-
Mongoloid crossbreeding, since the presence of thick
beards speaks against a purely Mongoloid populace (Figure
5: 5, 6).

As one can see in the drawings presented, the
Okunevo people bred horses with different constructions
of bridle. The horses from Lebyazhye, as well as those from
a Sulek rock engraving (Figure 6, 1:5), have a short
bristled mane like that of the Przewalski horse. At the
same time, the two horses both have long hair in the tail
running from its buttocks. These features suggest that we
see a kind of hybrid of wild horses subjected to only the
initial stage of domestication. Another indication of
hybridization – thick forelocks – is found in the petroglyph
at Izirykh-Tas (Figure 6, 1:10). Here a horse is depicted
with long legs, small head, and curved neck, which
distinguishes it advantageously from neighboring figures.

The funerary complex discovered in northern India,
in the Swat Valley, or the so-called “Gandhara grave
culture” has turned out to be the closest in terms of its rite
to the burials of the Sayan complex.

[Vesuvian Sky]

A similar method of harnessing is represented on seals from Kul-Tepe (Anatolia), where chariots are drawn probably either by some other type of equid or onager (Figure 6, 3: 2, 3).

Summing up, the Sayan complex of archaeological cultures of the Early Bronze Age, composed mainly of descendents of the Afanasyevo and Okunevo tribes, proved to have been a single archaeological formation for which there is convincing evidence that it migrated southwards to the upper reaches of the Indus River and further westwards to eastern Anatolia. There is rich evidence for the coexistence of the migrants with the local population, and we are only now beginning to understand the pre-conditions of such a successful movement and development of this cultural complex into new territories.

From Kuzmina's Book, 'Origin of the Indo-Iranians':

G. Tucci (1963; 1977) has demonstrated the resemblance of the ancient culture of Swat to that of its modern inhabitants—the Dards. He suggested that its origins should be searched for in Central Asia. K. Jettmar (1960; 1966; 1975: 466), having done the ethnographical research of the Hindukush population, concluded that the Dards and Nuristani have numerous survivals of the ancient Indo-Iranian culture. These traits emerged in the Andronovo culture and then they were conserved in the isolated mountain valleys.

Andronovo man:



Dard man



Kultepe Charioteer



Dard Woman

it should be recalled that the
anthropological type of the Okunevo people combines
peculiarly Mongoloid and European features. Among these
traits, researchers lay stress on the massive facial skeleton,
brachycrania and, simultaneously, a fairly sharp profile of
the face. The anthropological type of the figures represented on the maskoids and
sculptures of priests, as it seems, also displays a European-
Mongoloid crossbreeding, since the presence of thick
beards speaks against a purely Mongoloid populace (Figure
5: 5, 6).

Another Dard man:

[Vesuvian Sky]

Even upper castes are highly admixed. From Globe13:

[johen]

- Okunevo people, american Indian relatives, is closely related with karasuk, Altai scythian. one of karasuk Yhg is R1a-z93(Aryan).
Moreover, mongol bronze R1a-z93 is related with chandman, being similar to blackfoot american indian and UP people 20,000bc.

The Karasuk people clearly descended from the Okunevo people, as evidenced by the elevated frequencies of the Carabelli cusp and deflecting wrinkle. None of these traits is present in the Irmen people, who display dental gracility evidently introduced by Andronovo (Fedorovka) tribes.

- Afanasievo people are paleo-European type, who are closely related with scrubna(R1a-z93), and Andronovo(R1a-z93).
V. P Alekseev said that it was impossible to differenciate between afansievo and andronovo.
:

Twenty-four skulls from Afanas'evo sites possess similar characters. In addition to such Europoid traits as a prominent nose and an orhtognathous, ralatively short and unflattened face, the Afanas'evo skulls are massive. The latter is expressed in a greater facial breadth, a greater slant of the forehead, and in highly developed supraorbital crests. This combination of characters is unknown among the modern European races but occurs in the Upper Paleolithic period.
The closest analogy to the Afans'evo skulls offered by the Cro-Magnon type of western Europe.

==> Thus, all ancient R1a-z93 people originated in Altai people, and migrated in Iran and India. Only one thing left is whether okunevo and afanasievo people is same people.

And the newcomer Aryans in the Indus valley (Swat) for example:

"Twelve skulls from the graves of Butkara II and four skulls from the settlement of Aligrama have been found. They belong to the Mediterranean type that is represented in Central Asia. B. A. Litvinsky (1972: 186) has underlined “a remarkable resemblance between a series of skulls from Swat and the Saka skulls from the Pamirs” which was first noted by B. Bernhard (1967: 317-385). It suggests a genetic relation between the two populations. Among the 25 skulls from Timargarha this type is represented, as well as a massive proto-Caucasoid type which was distinctive for the steppe Andronovans, a Veddoid (3 skulls) usual for the indigenous inhabitants of Hindustan, and a Mongoloid type (2 skulls) which might have appeared during Ghaligai period III from Kashmir."
source: Elena E. Kuz’mina: The Origin of the Indo-Iranians - Leiden, 2007

So 32% of the Aryan conquerors were Eastern Mediterranids and 68% were Andronovo type Protoeuropid in this valley.

[Aodhan]

Nice thread bro

[johen]

- Okunevo people, american Indian relatives, is closely related with karasuk, Altai scythian. one of karasuk Yhg is R1a-z93(Aryan).
Moreover, mongol bronze R1a-z93 is related with chandman, being similar to blackfoot american indian and UP people 20,000bc.
- Afanasievo people are paleo-European type, who are closely related with scrubna(R1a-z93), and Andronovo(R1a-z93).
V. P Alekseev said that it was impossible to differenciate between afansievo and andronovo.

new reaserch:
Nonmetric cranial trait variation and the origins of the Scythians Authors Alla A. Movsesian, Varvara Yu. Bakholdina First published: 24 January 2017

The Late Scythian population considered in this study proved to be genetically homogeneous, although some connections with the Sarmatians were found. We also revealed similarities between the Scythian groups and the local Bronze Age population of the Srubnaya culture, as well as, to a lesser extent, a group representative of the Central Asian Bronze Age Okunevo culture.

Anthropologically afanasievo people is connected to Srubna people who are related with okunevo. Were afanasievo and okunevo same people or not? Did okunevo people have hg R1a?

[Proto-Shaman]

[johen]

genetic relationship in Malta, Okunevo, karasuk and iron age altai(scythian), which is proved anthropologically also.