Ainu People

[ButlerKing]

Neanderthal skull vs Swedish male

I see big wide noses, weak chins, prominent brow ridge.

Neanderthal looks something like this:




Australian aborigines look far more negroid than any European. The wideness of nose, fat lips, huge mouth are typical traits of negroid characteristics of every Black British person I've seen.

[Black Wolf]

Polynesians are part Caucasoid, it has been stated by multiple authors. I have read a passage from one (don't remember who) that says they are predominantly a robust, somewhat archaic Caucasoid/Mediterranean type mixed with a small amount of Australoid and Paleomongoloid. I believe Taiwanese Aborigines are racially the same.

Pure Polynesians are not Caucasoid at all.

[Black Wolf]

The Ainu people are the result of the merging of the Satsumon and Okhotsk cultures. The Satsumon culture has it's main roots among the ancient Jomon people of Japan and the were partially agricultural people. They probably received agriculture from the Yayoi people. This culture was present mainly in northern Honshu and southern Hokkaido. The Okhotsk culture was a northern hunter-gatherer culture of northern Hokkaido, the Amur river area, Sakhalin, the Kuriles and Kamchatka. The Ainu probably got their sacred bear rites and ritual beliefs from their Okhotsk culture ancestors.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satsumon_culture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhotsk_culture

[Black Wolf]

The Ainu are known to be sundandonts when it comes to dental morphology while the ethnic Japanese population are sinodonts like the majority of East Asians including Chinese and Koreans. The ancient Jomons were sundandonts like the Ainu. Sundandonts today are found in large numbers throughout all of southeast Asia and among the Ainu in Hokkaido. This distribution on dental types may point to southern origins for the Ainu and their Jomon ancestors before they arrived in Japan. Then again the ancestors of the Jomon and Ainu could have still come from areas of eastern or southern China or even the Amur river area. Sundadonts may have been more widespread in Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic times.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinodonty_and_Sundadonty

[Black Wolf]

The fact that the ethnic Japanese people themselves have a fairly large amount of Y-DNA haplogroup D among them at around 35% or so implies that they also have significant Jomon ancestry although of course not as much as the Ainu. Basically the ethnic Japanese are mixed between Yayoi and Jomon ancestries while the original Ainu were most likely almost pure Jomon descendants.

[Black Wolf]

It is true that ancient DNA is needed to know for sure what the Y-DNA haplogroups of the Jomon people were but given the fact that haplogroup D-M55 does not really exist much outside of Japan makes it seem rather likely that this haplogroup would have been found among the Jomon. It may have even been the most significant haplogroup among them. But all of this truly is just speculation without ancient Y-DNA. As we know the Ainu originated from the mixture between the Satsumon and Okhotsk cultures with the Satsumon probably being derived largely from the Jomon people of Japan and Okhotsk being a Siberian influenced northern culture. I would not be surprised at all if the Ainu got most of their Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55 from their Satsumon ancestors and their Y-DNA C-M217 and mtDNA Y1 and G types from their Okhotsk ancestors.

[Black Wolf]

This site has a good overview of the traditional Ainu religion. Shamanism certainly had a place within the Ainu religious world especially among the Sakhalin Ainu. Women generally were the shamans among both the Sakhalin and Hokkaido Ainu. Shamanism was more highly regarded in Sakhalin compared to Hokkaido though. This actually makes sense considering the Sakhalin Ainu's connections with Siberian and Amur river area peoples.

http://www.everyculture.com/East-Sou...e-Culture.html

[Amud]

Free Ebook about the Ainu is here: https://play.google.com/store/books/...QAAIAAJ&rdot=1

Seems pretty interesting.

[ButlerKing]

It is true that ancient DNA is needed to know for sure what the Y-DNA haplogroups of the Jomon people were but given the fact that haplogroup D-M55 does not really exist much outside of Japan makes it seem rather likely that this haplogroup would have been found among the Jomon. It may have even been the most significant haplogroup among them. But all of this truly is just speculation without ancient Y-DNA. As we know the Ainu originated from the mixture between the Satsumon and Okhotsk cultures with the Satsumon probably being derived largely from the Jomon people of Japan and Okhotsk being a Siberian influenced northern culture. I would not be surprised at all if the Ainu got most of their Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55 from their Satsumon ancestors and their Y-DNA C-M217 and mtDNA Y1 and G types from their Okhotsk ancestors.

Their Jomon Y-DNA can be as low as 25% to as high as 58%



Their Jomon mtDNA can be as low as 11% to as high as 28.5%




However recent genetics from Japanese. It claims that modern Japanese can not simply be described as just descendants of ancient Jomon and ancient Yayoi.

If anything they were more like descendants of Okinawans and Yayoi. In other words Japanese are more like diluted Okinawans with extra Yayoi admixture.


In other words, any Jomon Y-DNA and Jomon mtDNA in Japanese would have been passed by people who look like Okinawans ( Okinawans who interbred with new waves of Yayoi migrants )


Left = Jomon face
Middle = Japanese face
Right = Okinawan face





Research shows Ainu and Okinawans more genetically related
http://japandailypress.com/research-...lated-0217724/







I've also asked a Japanese youtuber who created the video " origin of Japanese DNA " he now thinks the theory Japanese are mixture of Okinawans and Yayoi makes more sense.

The mixture of Yayoi and Jomon started in Okinawa and southern Japan, later Japanese with similar genetic profile to Okinawans in DNA migrated north of Japan and mixed with another wave of Yayoi migrants and also migrated to others parts of Japan. These mixture made Japanese from the north, central, south more Yayoi. While those Ainu from Hokkaido and the Okinawans retained higher Jomon blood, Japanese on the other hand kept absorbing Yayoi blood. This explains why southern Japan have only 25% to 26% Jomon Y-DNA and 11 - 13.5% Jomon mtDNA where as Okinawans have 58% Jomon Y-DNA and 32% Jomon mtDNA. Because they became isolated on the islands with no migration and thus retained higher portion of Jomon blood.

The difference is that Japanese acquired an extra 3-13% Yayoi blood at the end from the Yayoi era with higher frequencies of O2b, O3 and lower D2 and M7a, N9b. The Japanese also interbreeded in much higher number after the Yayoi period, making the Jomons and Okinawans a minority

[Black Wolf]

Yes exactly the Japanese are a mix of Yayoi and Jomon peoples while the traditional Ainu and Okinawans were relatively unmixed with much more Jomon DNA overall.