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Swiss franc soars as Switzerland abandons euro cap
The Swiss franc soared as much as 30% in chaotic trade after the central bank abandoned the cap on the currency's value against the euro.
The Swiss National Bank (SNB) said the cap, introduced in September 2011, was no longer justified.
It also cut a key interest rate from -0.25% to -0.75%, raising the amount investors pay to hold Swiss deposits.
The International Monetary Fund's head, Christine Lagarde, called the move "a bit of a surprise".
She said she was also surprised that the governor of the Swiss National Bank had not contacted her, and said she hoped he had communicated the plan to his fellow central bank governors.
Following the SNB move the euro went from buying 1.20 francs to buying just 0.8052, but it later recovered to buy 1.04.
Swiss shares closed down 9% and stock markets around Europe fell with investors buying "safe haven" assets such as gold and German bonds.
Many investors believe that with the franc so strong Swiss companies will struggle to maintain export levels.
Watchmaker Swatch saw its share price slump 15%. Swatch chief executive Nick Hayek called the decision "a tsunami" for Switzerland's economy.
Mark Haefele, chief investment officer of Swiss bank UBS, estimated that the move would cost Swiss exporters close to 5bn Swiss francs (Ł3.3bn), equivalent to 0.7% of Swiss economic output.
One trader described trading after the unexpected announcement as "carnage".
While the Swiss franc was held at 1.20 to the euro it had tracked the euro's fall against the dollar.
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