A map of racially-fuelled attacks charts the change having taken place within just one generation, researchers claim.

Areas that used to be notorious for racial tensions have become more "at ease" with diversity, while racial violence is on the rise in parts of the country which have seen their population change more recently, the Institute of Race Relations (IRR) said.

The IRR said the changing picture is the result of asylum seekers, migrant workers, overseas students and the movement of settled ethnic minority families.
The report authors analysed 660 attacks with a racial element across Britain last year.

They wrote: ''What has emerged is that the map of violence has changed quite dramatically since studies were first done of such violence in the 1970s.
''It is no longer poor deprived areas of London such as Southall, Tower Hamlets, Hackney and Newham, which witnessed many of the racial attacks and racist murders a generation or two ago, that are now so prone to serious attacks.
''Not only are black and ethnic minority communities now more established there but also a whole history of struggle against racism has strengthened these communities.''

They added: ''But what was significant was that ethnic minorities in a whole host of cities, towns and areas not traditionally associated with such violence now appear to be experiencing it.
''These are areas which have traditionally been very white and are not affluent. In some cases core industries have gone and a whole generation of young people are without a future.''
The IRR report, Racial violence: the buried issue, criticised mainstream political parties for apparently competing over who can reduce immigration the quickest.

The authors said black, minority ethnic groups, asylum-seekers and migrant communities are bearing the brunt of these tensions.
They found asylum seekers, newly-arrived migrant workers and people who look Muslim are most at risk of attack.
Trades that isolate individuals such as cab driving, serving in takeaways and staffing small shops were found to be the most dangerous.
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So the areas which once experienced racial tensions are "at ease" now simply because there is, in effect, one coffee coloured British race dominating there. It now shows the areas of racial tension are the refuges of 'white flight' to where the new, clandestine struggle will be fought.