At the end of the 1930s both "Espero Katolika" and "Dia Regno" were being edited in the Netherlands. After
World War Two began, both periodicals were prevented from reaching most of their subscribers. "Espero
Katolika" of January/February 1940 was the last issue until the end of the war. On the 10th of May 1940 German
troops occupied Holland and February 1941 saw the final issue of "Dia Regno" because in March "the entire
Esperanto movement in Holland was banned as 'a Jewish affair'". However Christian Esperantists did not
entirely cease their activities during the Second World War: from 1941 to 1945 KELI's Swedish section
distributed a total of seven issues of "Temporary Dia Regno", but these reached only a small percentage of the
addressees.
In the countries ruled by Hitler and Stalin, Esperantists were among the victims of those dictators. In Germany
some Esperantists were arrested and sent to concentration camps merely because of their work for Esperanto;
others were arrested primarily for being of Jewish descent or for their general pacifist involvement. The victims
of Nazism include all three of Zamenhof's children. They had been arrested in January 1940. Zamenhof's only
son, Adam, was immediately shot; the daughters Zofia and Lidja were sent to the Treblinka concentration camp
in 1942 where they were killed in August and October respectively of that same year. The Esperantist and
founder of the Una-Sancta Movement, Max Josef Metzger, was arrested in 1943 and sentenced to death for
treason; on the 17th of April 1944 he was beheaded.
The Soviet dictator Stalin regarded as suspect anyone who had international contacts and to that category the
Esperantists also belonged. According to various estimates, in the "Great Purge" launched on a massive scale
in March 1937, a total of between 2,000 and 30,000 Esperantists perished. Stalin's victims included famous
Esperanto writers or Esperantologists such as Vladimir Varankin (1902-1938) and Ernest Drezen
(1892-1937).
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