Asian Slavery in Mexico

[Carlito's Way]

Japanese were among the Asian slaves who were shipped from the Spanish Philippines in the Manila-Acapulco galleons to Acapulco were all called "Chino" which meant Chinese, although in reality they were of diverse origins, including Japanese, Koreans, Malays, Filipinos, Javanese, Timorese, and people from Bengal, India, Ceylon, Makassar, Tidore, Terenate, and Chinese. Filipinos made up most of their population. The people in this community of diverse Asians in Mexico was called "los indios chinos" by the Spanish. Most of these slaves were male and were obtained from Portuguese slave traders who obtained them from Portuguese colonial possessions and outposts of the Estado da India, which included parts of India, Bengal, Malacca, Indonesia, Nagasaki in Japan, and Macau. Spain received some of these Chino slaves from Mexico,where owning a Chino slave showed high status. Records of three Japanese slaves dating from the 16th century, named Gaspar Fernandes, Miguel and Ventura who ended up in Mexico showed that they were purchased by Portuguese slave traders in Japan, brought to Manila from where they were shipped to Mexico by their owner Perez.









"Lucio de Sousa, a special researcher at University of Evora in Portugal, and Mihoko Oka, an assistant professor at the Historiographical Institute, University of Tokyo, discovered the information among Inquisition records stored at the General Archives of the Nation in Mexico.

Their findings are scheduled to be published abroad soon.

The names of three people born in Japan were found in the document. Their names--Gaspar Fernandes, Miguel and Ventura--are not written in Japanese, but the word "xapon" (Japan) is written after their names. All three are believed to have been male.

Gaspar was born in Bungo, currently Oita Prefecture. He was sold as a slave by a Japanese merchant to a Portuguese merchant named Perez on a seven-peso, three-year contract in Nagasaki in 1585, when Gaspar was 8. He is believed to have worked as a servant in Perez's home, but further details are unknown.

A bottle of high-grade olive oil cost eight pesos at that time in Spain.

Ventura's history is unknown, but Miguel was sold by a Portuguese slave trader to Perez in Spanish Manila in 1594.

Perez was arrested in 1596 in Manila and convicted of secretly being a Jew. Perez's family crossed the Pacific Ocean from Manila to Spanish Acapulco in Mexico in December 1597 for a second round of interrogations before the Inquisition.

The three Japanese names were written in the record as Perez's slaves.

Gaspar testified at the hearing about Perez's religious practices, including what he ate. In 1599, he and Ventura appealed to the authorities that they were not slaves, and they were released in 1604"








"Most of their Filipino ancestors arrived in Mexico during the Spanish colonial period. For two and a half centuries, between 1565 and 1815, many Filipinos and Mexicans sailed to and from Mexico and the Philippines as sailors, crews, slaves, prisoners, adventurers and soldiers in the Manila-Acapulco Galleon assisting Spain in its trade between Asia and the Americas. Some of these sailors never returned to the Philippines. Most settled in and integrated into the Mexican society. In the late 19th and early 20th century some Filipinos came to Mexico as refugees from Spain during Francisco Franco’s dictatorship. These Filipinos were descendants of Filipino and Filipino mestizo settlers who entered Spain after the Spanish-American war.

Smaller waves of Filipino migration to Mexico took place in the late 19th and 20th centuries after the Philippines was annexed by the U.S. during the Spanish American war of 1898-1900. About 20,000 Filipino farm laborers and fishermen arrived to work in the Mexican west coast. These areas included the Baja California, Sonora and Sinaloa, while some had awaited to enter the United States to reunite with family members in Filipino American communities in California, and elsewhere. Mexican immigration law continues to grant special status for Filipinos, and from 1970 to 2005 about 100,000 Filipino immigrants came to Mexico. "




Some DNA results of Mexicans with Asian ancestry

Guerrero



Michoacan



Mexico City



Michoacan



Sinaloa



Jalisco & Zacatecas



Exact location unknown



Guerrero



Mother's results:





skip to 4:53, he scored 19% Asia with 15% being Asia East, 2% Asia Central and 2% Asia South, he's from Mexico City









ydna: G2a
mtdna: F1a1

his mtdna haplogroup is common among southeast asians and southern chinese people, very interesting since he doesnt seem to show such heritage based on his 23andme results, his Asian ancestry must have been diluted over time





Mexico City

[Carlito's Way]

Aguascalientes

ydna: O3a4*
mtdna: C1d








Puebla

[Carlito's Way]

[Carlito's Way]

Guanajuato














the Mongolian percentage in her is very interesting, i dont think ive seen a mexican with that high of a percentage

[Carlito's Way]

Filipinos in Mexican history By Floro L. Mercene


MEXICO CITY — The role played by Filipinos — or strictly speaking, Filipino-Mexicans, in Mexico’s struggle for independence is largely ignored by most historians. Ricardo Pinzon, an English teacher from a college in Acapulco, maintains the Filipinos were very visible in this struggle.


In fact, according to Pinzon, two Filipinos became brigade commanders in the army of General Jose Maria Morelos in the state of Guerrero in the Pacific Coast of Mexico from 1810 to 1821.


Mexico’s fight for independence from Spain was started by a priest, Fr. Miguel Hidalgo in Dolores in 1810. Morelos picked up the fight in Western Mexico and recruited about 200 Filipino-Mexicans to join his army. The Filipinos were placed under the command of General Vicente Guerrero, who later became the first black president of Mexico.


The Filipino brigade commanders under General Guerrero were identified by Ric Pinzon as Francisco Mongoy and Isidoro Montes de Oca. They distinguished themselves in battles against government troops that in Guerrero they are regarded as folk heroes.


When Guerrero finally surrendered in 1829, he was accompanied by two Filipinos acting as his aides, Miguel de la Cruz and a certain Atieh.


Ric Pinzon traveled from Acapulco to Mexico City for our interview. A great fan of the Filipinos and their contribution to Mexico’s growth as a nation, he is writing a book on the Filipino presence in his country, a fact largely ignored by historians.


Filipino sailors on the Manila galleons had been traveling to Mexico between 1570 and 1815. Many of them married local girls and settled in Mexico.


By Pinzon’s estimate, there are about 200,000 descendants of Filipinos in southern Mexico. They are concentrated in the Costa Grande north of Acapulco. The town of Coyuca 35 miles north of Acapulco was called Filipino town in the old days. There is also a large Filipino community in Colima, about eight hours ride north of Acapulco.


Pinzon says three former governors of Guerrero, where Acapulco is located, may have Filipino ancestry. Juan Alvarez, born in Espinalillo, a Filipino colony, became president of Mexico. His son, Juan Alvarez, became governor of Guerrero in the 1870s.


Alejandro Gomez Maganda figured in the 1910 Revolution and also became governor of Guerrero in the 1940s.


Filipino influence on Mexican culture is very apparent, especially on Mexico’s Pacific Coast, where people today continue to imbibe tuba, the drink derived from the coconut tree. They are also engage in games like kite-flying which they make with papel de China. Their names for their fishing boats is panga, which they suspect is of Filipino origin.


In the 18th century, the Manila galleons were attacked by pirates from England and the Netherlands. To fight them off, the Spanish authorities created a small army of Filipinos called the chino brigade in Acapulco. A total of 108 galleons were built in the Philippines during two and a half centuries of its existence. Four were captured by pirates and about 30 were sunk by typhoons.


The trade ended when the Mexican independence movement began in 1810. The last galleon to reach Acapulco was the Magallanes.

[Carlito's Way]

The term indios chinos as used by Legazpi could also be found in documents of the Viceroyalty of New Spain in the sanie period, i.e., late sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century. From the administrative documents, it is possible to analyze the ofíicial image of Asians in México, while from private documents, their real image or how their neighbors viewed them. On the other hand, it is necessary to point out here that the focus is not the image of the Chinese but that of the Filipino. This will be done by studying a group of Filipinos who arrived in New Spain on board the Manila galleon at the end of the sixteenth century and established themselves in areas near the Pacific, from Acapulco to New Galicia. The dates covered in this study extend from the latter part of the first decade of the seventeenth century to the beginning of the second, although members of that community had settled in New Spain since the late sixteenth century. It was a time of intense commercial activity between the Philippines and New Spain, with Manila and Acapulco as points of contact, although the investment of silver and distribution of Chinese products already affected the whole of Spanish America.

With respect to the presence of Asians in México City, it is possible that the Chinese tended to settle in the cities while the Filipinos preferred to settle in pueblos and rural areas. In reality, however, there is evidence of Filipino presence all over the viceroyalty. Thomas Gage, who visited New Spain in 1627, was fascinated with the craftsmanship of Chinese goldsmiths whom he saw in México:

There are no streets in all of Christendom comparable to those of México, neither in breadth, in cleanliness, nor in the richness of the shops that adorn them. Most of all, the handiwork and shops of the goldsmiths are admirable. The Indians and Chinese who have converted to Christianity and come from the Philippines every year have surpassed the Spaniards in this business


you can read more about it here
http://www.uco.es/aaf/garcia-abasolo/files/cc025f3.pdf

[Carlito's Way]

Catarina de San Juan known as the China Poblana was a slave that, according to legend, belonged to a noble family from India. She was brought to Mexico through the Spanish East Indies (Philippines), and has been credited since the Porfiriato with creating the China Poblana dress. After converting to Catholicism in Cochin —an Indian city where she was kidnapped by Portuguese pirates—, Mirra (or Mira/Meera) was given the Christian name Catarina de San Juan, the name she was known as in Angelópolis where she worked as a slave, got married, and eventually became a beata - a religious woman who took personal religious vows without entering a convent (see anchorite). Upon her death, Catarina de San Juan was buried in the sacristy of the Templo de la Compañía de Jesús in Puebla, in what is popularly known as Tumba de la China Poblana or Tomb of the Chinese Pueblan. (Note that in Hispanic cultures at the time it was common to use the term chino to refer to all persons of Asian descent, regardless of actual ethnicity.)

She was buried in Convent of Santa Rosa, the same convent where by strange coincidence in the same century Mole was invented. Which is why some believe this Indian slave girl was responsible for the creation of mole and many tend to compare mole and curry

A common legend of its creation takes place at the Convent of Santa Rosa in Puebla early in the colonial period. Upon hearing that the archbishop was going to visit, the convent nuns went into a panic because they were poor and had almost nothing to prepare. The nuns prayed and brought together the little bits of what they did have, including chili peppers, spices, day-old bread, nuts, and a little chocolate. They killed an old turkey, cooked it and put the sauce on top; the archbishop loved it. When the nun was asked the name of the dish, she replied, "I made a mole." Mole was the ancient word for mix; now this word mostly refers to the dish, and is rarely used to signify other kinds of mixes in Spanish.

While chili pepper sauces existed in pre-Hispanic Mexico, the complicated moles of today did not. They did not contain chocolate, which was used as a beverage, and in all of the writings of Sahagún, there is no mention at all of it being used to flavor food. Most likely what occurred was a gradual modification of the original molli sauce, adding more and different ingredients depending on the location. This diversified the resulting sauces into various types. Ingredients that have been added into moles include nuts (such as almonds, peanuts, or pine nuts), seeds (such as sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, or squash seeds), cilantro, seedless grapes, plantains, garlic, onions, cinnamon, and chocolate. What remained the same was the use of chili peppers, especially ancho, pasilla, mulato and chipotle, and the consistency of the sauce.

[Mn The Loki TA Son]

I score some Asian, chinito ancestry, as you said which most likely come from Guerrero side family
I got under East Asian & Native American split score=
East Asian 1%
Chinese 1%
Japanese 0%
Korean 0%
Mongolian 0%
Yakut 0%
Native American 31%
Southeast Asian 3%

[Mn The Loki TA Son]

Interesting thread by the way

[Carlito's Way]

Interesting thread by the way

word brah, its something thats not very well talked about especially in regards to mexican history