Familial migration of the Neolithic contrasts massive male migration during Bronze Age in Europe

[curupira]

September 30, 2016.

"Familial migration of the Neolithic contrasts massive male migration during Bronze Age in Europe inferred from ancient X chromosomes"

Dramatic events in human prehistory, such as the spread of agriculture to Europe from
Anatolia and the Late Neolithic/Bronze Age (LNBA) migration from the Pontic-Caspian steppe,
can be investigated using patterns of genetic variation among the people that lived in those times.
In particular, studies of differing female and male demographic histories on the basis of ancient
genomes can provide information about complexities of social structures and cultural
interactions in prehistoric populations. We use a mechanistic admixture model to compare the
sex-specifically-inherited X chromosome to the autosomes in 20 early Neolithic and 16 LNBA
human remains. Contrary to previous hypotheses suggested by the patrilocality of many
agricultural populations, we find no evidence of sex-biased admixture during the migration that
spread farming across Europe during the early Neolithic. For later migrations from the Pontic
steppe during the LNBA, however, we estimate a dramatic male bias, with ~5-14 migrating
males for every migrating female. We find evidence of ongoing, primarily male, migration from
the steppe to central Europe over a period of multiple generations, with a level of sex bias that
excludes a pulse migration during a single generation. The contrasting patterns of sex-specific
migration during these two migrations suggest a view of differing cultural histories in which the
Neolithic transition was driven by mass migration of both males and females in roughly equal
numbers, perhaps whole families, whereas the later Bronze Age migration and cultural shift were
instead driven by male migration, potentially connected to new technology and conquest.

http://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorx...78360.full.pdf

[Peterski]

Davidski's comments:

http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/0...europe-by.html

[decordoba]

This is true, male migration during Bronze Age. Y-DNA in Central-, Western- and Eastern Europa changed to R1a1 and R1b1, even in South Europe and North Europe.

Everybody knows, that the Dutch and the Spaniards have different phenotype. They have the same Y-DNA R1b1a2, the difference is the rest of DNA as a result of different female Ancestors. The DNA resulting from female ancestry predominates, because of the dilution of male DNA (I mean the whole genom). A small number of Indoeuropeans invaded Western Europe, they had children with Native European women; their sons had mixed DNA (IE + NF + WHG), but Y-DNA didnot change - R1b1ba2 - and so on.

[curupira]

This is true, male migration during Bronze Age. Y-DNA in Central-, Western- and Eastern Europa changed to R1a1 and R1b1, even in South Europe and North Europe. Everybody knows, that the Dutch and the Spaniards have different phenotype. They have the same Y-DNA R1b1a2, the difference is the rest of DNA as a result of different female Ancestors.

Neolithic Dutchmen and Neolithic Spaniards were basically the same. The difference between the Dutch and the Spaniards today is that the Dutch have a higher IE input (perhaps tallness would have been due to this higher IE input, the IE men from the steppes were quite tall), like 40% to 50% IE, vs 20% to 30% input in Spaniards. Phenotype differences may be explained, at least partly, by different degrees of Hunter Gatherer, Neolithic and IE ancestries but they may be also due to natural selection, phenotype selection, after Europeans already had the three components. We still have to wait more studies to learn exactly what phenotypical impact these Neolithic and steppe intrusions had in contemporary Europeans.

[decordoba]

I mean the same, the IE-DNA is more diluted in Spain, because of additional mix with other ethnics.

There are a lot of questions about the IE-Invasion in Central- and Western-Europe, not easy to answer.

The origin of blond hair is not located. Some experts (Biologists) said ~5 years ago, that the hotspot of blond are Northern Germany or the countries round of the Baltic Sea. And that was already the case when the Indo-Europeans have reached this section. This was the I1-area before the Indoeuropeans invaded the Northern Part of Germany.
The IE-German branch R1b1a2 - U106 migrated to the Netherlands. Maybe they came with family (of Proto-Germans) and not as single men - not sure.

[Poise n Pen]

This is true, male migration during Bronze Age. Y-DNA in Central-, Western- and Eastern Europa changed to R1a1 and R1b1, even in South Europe and North Europe.

Everybody knows, that the Dutch and the Spaniards have different phenotype. They have the same Y-DNA R1b1a2, the difference is the rest of DNA as a result of different female Ancestors. The DNA resulting from female ancestry predominates, because of the dilution of male DNA (I mean the whole genom). A small number of Indoeuropeans invaded Western Europe, they had children with Native European women; their sons had mixed DNA (IE + NF + WHG), but Y-DNA didnot change - R1b1ba2 - and so on.

Even if your idea is true they should have whitened up more the further west they went. But there's a lot of fantasies involved in this paper, mainly that the populations involved are not anything to do with bell beaker which followed after and came from the west.

[decordoba]

Even if your idea is true they should have whitened up more the further west they went. But there's a lot of fantasies involved in this paper, mainly that the populations involved are not anything to do with bell beaker which followed after and came from the west.

I dont agree, because I guess that the origin of Blond is this area - Northern Germany and the Countries round of the Baltic Sea. Blond expanded as a result of migration out of this area to Central Europe and Western Europe. Light skin (in combination with Blond) is better for gain of Vitamin D in the northern countries of Europe.

[Poise n Pen]

I dont agree, because I guess that the origin of Blond is this area - Northern Germany and the Countries round of the Baltic Sea. Blond expanded as a result of migration out of this area to Central Europe and Western Europe. Light skin (in combination with Blond) is better for gain of Vitamin D in the northern countries of Europe.

But it doesn't exist in either of those populations nor does light eyes, that is the thing. Where things like that come from is what we want to know, and this paper can't really answer it.

[decordoba]

But it doesn't exist in either of those populations nor does light eyes, that is the thing. Where things like that come from is what we want to know, and this paper can't really answer it.

Blue or green eyes have other origin that blond hair. For example the mesolithics 8.000 years ago had blue eyes, and they had dark(brown) hair and dark skin (darker than olive).

505257274_B973600377Z.1_20140918191216_000_GCN35748Q.2-0.jpg