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Thread: Left brain = northern or right brain = southern?

  1. #1
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    Default Left brain = northern or right brain = southern?

    what would you choose between? Rich northern countries with strong economic potential but unhappy or poor southern countries with bad economy but happy?











    left brain = north europe
    right brain = south europe



    north = protestant
    south = catholic

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    Scandinavian countries are actually some of the happiest countries in the world.


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    What kind of brainworm makes you think that right brained people are teletubbies? Fex I'm rightbrained dominant (I'm also lefthanded like right brained typically are), AND I'M NOT A FUCKING TELETUBBIE

    You should contact your doctor asap, you have a worm lodged in your temporal lobe.

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    Veteran Member Grishnack's Avatar
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    This is retarded

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    Denmark is constantly placed among the happiest countries in the World ( self reported data)

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    Left brain = northern or right brain = southern?
    what would you choose between? Rich northern countries with strong economic potential but unhappy or poor southern countries with bad economy but happy?
    Every single statement is wrong.

    1)It is the left hemisphere that is the "happier" one. Artists, often having a dominant right hemisphere, are much more prone to depression.
    2)Northern countries report high happiness.
    3)Southern countries have more economic potential than northern, which can't grow as quickly.

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    “I THUS drew steadily nearer to the truth, by whose partial discovery I have been doomed to such a dreadful shipwreck: that man is not truly one, but truly two.” So said Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr Jekyll. Iain McGilchrist, a former Oxford literary scholar, now a doctor and psychiatrist, has reached a similar conclusion about the duality of man, and he too feels somewhat shipwrecked about it.

    According to Mr McGilchrist, the left and right hemispheres of the human brain have opposing personalities which have been at war ever since the time of Plato, and especially since the Enlightenment. The brain's left hemisphere (the “Emissary” of his title) is the villain of the piece, since it has wrested control from the right (the “Master”, who ought to be in charge). The upstart left hemisphere has created a dehumanised society in the West, contributed to epidemics of schizophrenia and autism, caused environmental despoliation, and given rise to some wilfully ugly modernist art and music into the bargain.

    The relationship between the two sides of the brain became a hot topic in the 1960s after a spate of operations on epilepsy patients to sever the main connections between their hemispheres. These “split-brain” subjects generally found that their fits became less debilitating, and they functioned normally in everyday life. But when experimenters found ways to feed information to just one of their disconnected hemispheres, such bizarre things started to happen that some researchers reckoned they were dealing with two independent spheres of consciousness in a single person. In recent decades a great deal more about the sides of the brain has been learned, mainly by studying stroke patients, and from imaging techniques that reveal which parts of the brain are most active when performing various tasks.

    Mr McGilchrist dismisses the pop-science idea that the left brain is rational, dull and male, while the right is creative, impressionistic and female. Almost everything once thought to happen in just one hemisphere turns out to involve both, and the differences between them concern not what the brain does, but the way it does things. In particular, he says, the left specialises in narrowly focused attention, while the right attends to broader contexts.

    That, at any rate, is his cautious, official position, and he gives intriguing evidence to back it up. But the reader is also treated to some very loose talk and to generalisations of breathtaking sweep. The left's world is “ultimately narcissistic”; its “prime motivation is power”, and the Industrial Revolution was, in some mysterious sense, the left's “most audacious assault yet on the world of the right hemisphere”. The sainted right, by contrast, has “ideals” that are in harmony with an “essentially loccal, agrarian, communitarian, organic” conception of democracy.

    Mr McGilchrist claims that the allegedly sharp dichotomy between left- and right-hemisphere thinking does not exist in Asian cultures, or not in the same way. But he offers no evidence that such differences can be explained in physiological terms.

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    Slavic brain and culture=Southern

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    McGilchrist’s book deals with the social, political and philosophical implications of the lateralisation of the brain, that is, its division into two hemispheres, left and right. The difference between the two hemispheres is not, McGilchrist suggests, as much pop psychology would have it, that the left hemisphere primarily processes language, and the right visual imagery and spacial representation. The difference, for McGilchrist, lies in the manner in which each hemisphere analyses the world, rather than in what it analyses.

    ‘For us as human beings’, McGilchirst argues, ‘there are two fundamentally opposed realities, two different modes of experience; that each is of ultimate importance in bringing about the recognizably human world; and that their difference is rooted in the bihemispheric structure of the brain’. What opposed realities or modes of existence? ‘The left-hemisphere tends to deal more with pieces of information in isolation, and the right hemisphere with the entity as a whole, the so-called Gestalt’:

    The right hemisphere… is vigilant for whatever it is that exists ‘out there’, it alone can bring us something other than what we already know. The left hemisphere deals with what it knows, and therefore prioritises the expected – its process is predictive… The right hemisphere is, in other words, more capable of a frame shift…

    The right hemisphere sees the whole before whatever it is gets broken up into parts in our attempt to ‘know’ it.

    The right hemisphere takes whatever is said within its entire context. It is specialized in pragmatics, the art of contextual understanding of meaning, and in using metaphor… The left hemisphere, because its thinking is decontextualised, tends towards a slavish following of the internal logic of the situation, even if this is in contravention of everything experience tells us… The left hemisphere is the hemisphere of abstraction, which, as the word itself tells us, is the process of wresting things from their context… Where the left hemisphere is more concerned with abstract categories and types, the right hemisphere is more concerned with the uniqueness and individuality of each existing thing or being.

    In the West, however, McGilchrist argues, the left hemisphere of the brain is gradually colonising our experience. The left hemisphere is dependant upon the right, ‘an “emissary” of the right hemisphere, valuable for taking on a role that the right hemisphere – the “Master” – cannot itself afford to undertake’. The emissary is, however, not only unaware of its dependence on the Master, but has ‘has his own will, and secretly believes himself to be superior to the Master’. And ‘he has the means to betray him. What he doesn’t realize is that in doing so he will also betray himself’.

    A world in which the left hemisphere suppressed the right, McGilchrist argues, is one in which:

    There would be a loss of the broader picture, a substitution of a more narrowly focussed, restricted but detailed view of the world, making it perhaps difficult to maintain a coherent worldview… In general the ‘bits’ of anything, the parts into which it could be disassembled, would come to seem more important, more likely to lead to knowledge and the understanding, than the whole, which would come to be seen as no more than the sum of the parts… This in turn would promote the substitution of information, and information gathering, for knowledge, which comes through experience. Knowledge, in its turn, would seem more ‘real’ than what one might call wisdom, which would seem too nebulous, something never to be grasped.

    This, McGilcrist argues, ‘is what the world would look like if the emissary betrayed the Master. It’s hard to resist the conclusion that his goal is within sight’.

    McGilchrist’s argument has won considerable support and praise, not least from the participants at the RSA workshop. The workshop opened, however, with a critical review of the argument from Ray Tallis. Tallis’ full talk is in the RSA document, but here is a flavour of his argument. McGilchrist’s thesis, a thesis that is ‘highly systematising, linguistic, explicit etc’ and is built upon ‘massive quantities of painstakingly acquired, precise data, 2,500 sources’, looks, Tallis suggests, ‘rather left hemisphere according to his own characterisation’. The left hemisphere, according to McGilchirst, is ‘out of touch with reality’. ‘Doesn’t this make it rather odd’, Tallis asks, ‘that he relies on the neurological data presumably gathered by that hemisphere to support his extraordinarily ambitious account of ‘reality’, a reality that encompasses the history of mankind?’

    Pandaemonium
    Pandaemonium
    DIVIDED BRAIN, DIVIDED WORLD?

    Brain1

    In November the RSA in London held a workshop to discuss Iain McGilchrist’s book The Master and his Emissary. The RSA has now published Divided Brain Divided World, a report of that workshop, together with a long conversation between McGilchrist and Jonathan Rowson, Director of the RSA’s Social Brain Centre.

    McGilchrist’s book deals with the social, political and philosophical implications of the lateralisation of the brain, that is, its division into two hemispheres, left and right. The difference between the two hemispheres is not, McGilchrist suggests, as much pop psychology would have it, that the left hemisphere primarily processes language, and the right visual imagery and spacial representation. The difference, for McGilchrist, lies in the manner in which each hemisphere analyses the world, rather than in what it analyses.

    ‘For us as human beings’, McGilchirst argues, ‘there are two fundamentally opposed realities, two different modes of experience; that each is of ultimate importance in bringing about the recognizably human world; and that their difference is rooted in the bihemispheric structure of the brain’. What opposed realities or modes of existence? ‘The left-hemisphere tends to deal more with pieces of information in isolation, and the right hemisphere with the entity as a whole, the so-called Gestalt’:

    The right hemisphere… is vigilant for whatever it is that exists ‘out there’, it alone can bring us something other than what we already know. The left hemisphere deals with what it knows, and therefore prioritises the expected – its process is predictive… The right hemisphere is, in other words, more capable of a frame shift…

    The right hemisphere sees the whole before whatever it is gets broken up into parts in our attempt to ‘know’ it.

    The right hemisphere takes whatever is said within its entire context. It is specialized in pragmatics, the art of contextual understanding of meaning, and in using metaphor… The left hemisphere, because its thinking is decontextualised, tends towards a slavish following of the internal logic of the situation, even if this is in contravention of everything experience tells us… The left hemisphere is the hemisphere of abstraction, which, as the word itself tells us, is the process of wresting things from their context… Where the left hemisphere is more concerned with abstract categories and types, the right hemisphere is more concerned with the uniqueness and individuality of each existing thing or being.

    In the West, however, McGilchrist argues, the left hemisphere of the brain is gradually colonising our experience. The left hemisphere is dependant upon the right, ‘an “emissary” of the right hemisphere, valuable for taking on a role that the right hemisphere – the “Master” – cannot itself afford to undertake’. The emissary is, however, not only unaware of its dependence on the Master, but has ‘has his own will, and secretly believes himself to be superior to the Master’. And ‘he has the means to betray him. What he doesn’t realize is that in doing so he will also betray himself’.

    master and emissary

    A world in which the left hemisphere suppressed the right, McGilchrist argues, is one in which:

    There would be a loss of the broader picture, a substitution of a more narrowly focussed, restricted but detailed view of the world, making it perhaps difficult to maintain a coherent worldview… In general the ‘bits’ of anything, the parts into which it could be disassembled, would come to seem more important, more likely to lead to knowledge and the understanding, than the whole, which would come to be seen as no more than the sum of the parts… This in turn would promote the substitution of information, and information gathering, for knowledge, which comes through experience. Knowledge, in its turn, would seem more ‘real’ than what one might call wisdom, which would seem too nebulous, something never to be grasped.

    This, McGilcrist argues, ‘is what the world would look like if the emissary betrayed the Master. It’s hard to resist the conclusion that his goal is within sight’.

    McGilchrist’s argument has won considerable support and praise, not least from the participants at the RSA workshop. The workshop opened, however, with a critical review of the argument from Ray Tallis. Tallis’ full talk is in the RSA document, but here is a flavour of his argument. McGilchrist’s thesis, a thesis that is ‘highly systematising, linguistic, explicit etc’ and is built upon ‘massive quantities of painstakingly acquired, precise data, 2,500 sources’, looks, Tallis suggests, ‘rather left hemisphere according to his own characterisation’. The left hemisphere, according to McGilchirst, is ‘out of touch with reality’. ‘Doesn’t this make it rather odd’, Tallis asks, ‘that he relies on the neurological data presumably gathered by that hemisphere to support his extraordinarily ambitious account of ‘reality’, a reality that encompasses the history of mankind?’

    divided brain rsa

    ‘It may be’, Tallis suggests, ‘that my own left hemisphere has atrophied but I would hesitate’ to make the kind of ‘sweeping generalisations’ that McGilchrist does, such as ‘his assertion that ‘the left hemisphere’s purpose is to use the world. It sees everything – education, art, morality, the natural world – in terms of a utilitarian calculus only’. Similarly, Tallis argues, ‘I wouldn’t be at all certain of the truth of such massive claims as that “Far Easterners attend to the world in ways typical of both the left and right hemispheres, and draw on strategies of either hemisphere more or less equally, while we in the West are heavily skewed towards the attentive viewpoint and strategies of the left hemisphere alone”’.

    Consider, Tallis asks, McGilchrist’s assertion that ‘since the Industrial Revolution we have constructed an image of the world externally that is an image of the left hemisphere internally’:

    Who are ‘we’? What ‘image’ of the world (as if there were only one image and one world) are we talking about? And what would an ‘image of the left hemisphere’ be?

    ‘Such gigantic generalisations’, Tallis observes, ‘overlook the teaming ocean of particulars that make up our shared world, and overfly the infinite variety of the lives of billions of people and the countless cultures and micro-cultures in which they live’. Finally, Tallis asks,

    From what hemisphere is [McGilchrist] able to observe the two hemispheres, pass judgement on them, and see their rivalry as the motor of the unfolding of human cultures? Does he have a third hemisphere? Or does he have something that is not a hemisphere at all? In short, is he talking from a standpoint that transcends his hemispheres?

    I suspect he is; it is the standpoint from which we all speak when we speak about pretty well everything: namely the shared, extracranial human world woven over the millennia out of a zillion human (whole person) interactions. And it is this that he seems to by-pass when he argues that the outcome of the rivalry or balance between the two hemispheres plays a major role in determining the predominant characteristics of cultures, civilisations or epochs. And I would argue that this extracranial viewpoint is the one we adopt when we comment on our own and others’ brains and cultures. This is more relevant than neural circuitry. It is the community of human minds, the human world, which has gradually built up at least over the hundreds and thousands of years, since hominids emerged.

    It is here, and not in the intracranial darkness, that we should look for the motors of history, of cultural change and the evolution of civilizations. Histories, cultures, societies, institutions, have their own internal dynamic… that cannot be usefully captured in neural terms.

    The irony of Tallis’ criticism is that he adopts what McGilchrist would undoubtedly label a ‘right brain’ posture. Tallis’ long-standing hostility towards what he calls ‘neuromania’ is precisely a critique of a decontextualised understanding of the human condition, and of the growing tendency to locate social, political and philosophical issues in the brain.

    I have considerable sympathy with Tallis’ skepticism. (I was invited to take part in the workshop but unfortunately was unable to. I may well do a proper response in time). There are three fundamental questions we can ask of McGilchrist’s argument. First, is McGilchrist’s characterisation of brain lateralisation, and of its consequences, correct? Second, is his understanding of the social and philosophical poblems that Western societies face, and of the history of those problems, plausible? Third, if his characterisation of brain lateralisation and his understanding of the social and philosophical problems that Western societies face both make sense, does it also make sense to link the two in cause and effect terms; that is, does it make sense to view the social and philosophical problems in terms of neurological processes?

    McGilchrist’s is a sophisticated account of the consequences of brain lateralisation, underpinned by a mountain of data. The trouble is, there is considerable cherry-picking and idiosyncrasy in the presentation of that data. As Owen Flanagan, professor of philosophy and neurobiology at Duke University, put it in a review in New Scientist, ‘McGilchrist promises to avoid glib pop theorising about right-brain/left-brain dichotomies… But the expressed caution is all pretence.’ In truth, Flanagan pointed out, ‘Hemispheric differences are not well understood’ and certainly not well enough to make the kinds of claims that McGilchrist does. For instance, McGilchrist insists that ‘The left’s hemisphere’s world is ultimately narcissistic’. It is ‘driven forward by a desire for power and control’. It has a tendency for ‘dangerously unwarranted optimism’. It ‘sees itself as the passive victim of whatever it is not conscious of having willed’. It ‘misunderstands altruism as a version of self-interest’ and sees it as ‘a threat to its power’. The left hemisphere ‘must conceive of society as an aggregate of individuals, seen as equal, but inert, units. The right hemisphere alone can understand that individuals are unique and reciprocally bound in a network, based on a host of things that could never be rationalised, creating something much greater than the sum of its parts, a society’. The left hemisphere is responsible for ‘the destruction and despoliation of the natural world and the erosion of established cultures’. It has ‘set about neutralising or neutering the power of art’. The left hemisphere, whose ‘version of liberty is a mere concept, not the freedom which can be experienced only through belonging’ was apparently responsible for ‘the mayhem and carnage of the French Revolution’. Democracy, as the American Revolutionaries saw it, on the other hand, which apparently was ‘essentially local, agrarian, communitarian, organic’ was ‘in harmony with the ideals of the right hemisphere’. And so on. After a while one almost begins to pine for the days in which the left hemisphere was merely ‘logical’, the right ‘creative’.

    I have some sympathy with McGilchrist’s claim that there is a growing tendency to decontextualise knowledge, to think of the parts as more important than the whole, which is often regarded as no more than the sum of the parts, to substitute information for knowledge. But this is only one side of the story. Another trend, equally important, is the downgrading of reason, the celebration of tradition, intuition and myth, the glorification of the holistic, the organic and the local. If we are forced to use McGilchrist’s terminology and imagery, we might say that the problem is not that the left hemisphere has control over the right but that there has been a tendency to develop both ‘left hemispheric thinking’ and ‘right hemispheric thinking’ in isolation and that both are, in isolation, equally troublesome. Or to put it anther way, the problem is increasingly that reason has become mechanistic, contextualisation anti-rational.

    McGilchrist seems unable to see this because he is primarily in tune with what he would call ‘right hemisphere thinking’. He dismisses the idea, for instance, that a ‘greater capacity to control and manipulate the world for our benefit’ is a good. He is dismayed with ‘urbanization, globalization and the destruction of local cultures’ because these developments have ‘led to a rise in the prevalence of mental illness’. The fact that ‘over history intuition has lost ground to rationality’ seems like an indication of progress only because ‘we have already fallen for the left hemisphere’s propaganda.’ He bemoans ‘the left hemisphere’s attack on religion’ arguing that ‘when we decide not to worship divinity, we do not stop worshipping: we merely find something else less worthy to worship’. In other words, even though McGilchrist insists that what he desires is a proper balance between the two hemispheres, what is clearly drawn to is the holistic, organic, local forms of ‘right hemispheric thinking’. The very praise showered upon The Master and his Emissary suggests that he is not alone in this.

    Finally, even if I am wrong, and McGilchrist right, both about the consequences of brain lateralisation and about the character of contemporary intellectual problems, does it make sense to see these problems in neurological terms?

    The left hemisphere usurping the right, the emissary betraying the master – these are striking metaphors. But if these are metaphors then all that McGilchrist would be saying is that a particular form of thinking, which we can metaphorically label ‘left hemisphere thinking’, has squeezed out another form of thinking, metaphorically ‘right hemisphere thinking’, to our detriment. Whatever the merits of that argument, it has no neurological significance.

    But McGilchirst insists that the Master and Emissary, and the idea of the one usurping the other, are more than simply metaphors. What could this mean? It could mean that because we live in a world which has decontextualised knowledge, fetishised reductive thinking, elevated information over knowledge, etc, and because these are forms of thinking embodied in different hemispheres, so we are increasingly relying on one hemisphere to do our thinking for us. There are all sorts of problems with such a claim, but it is nevertheless a plausible argument to make. It is also an argument in which the neurology, interesting though it may be, has little to say about the social and intellectual problems we face. To put it another way: If we want to ensure, say, that we always think contextually, or if we want to elevate the importance of knowledge over information, we could do so without any understanding of brain lateralisation; and having an understanding of brain lateralisation would not give us better insights into how to make thinking more contextual, or how to elevate knowledge over information.

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