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Thread: Logical Fallacies Explained and Debunked

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    Veteran Member Petros Agapetos's Avatar
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    An appeal to popularity is very similar to an appeal to emotion in that it targets emotions; The difference being that it does not focus on the listener's emotions, and instead focuses on what the majority of people think or the popular position to take with regards to the claim. The arguer then uses this to try and persuade the listener to change their mind and/or conform.

    A second idea comes from the fact that popularity is often equated with quality. Popularity ratings are given for everything from electronics to restaurants to hotels. The idea is that people have tested out a product or service and we can look to them to give an accurate description of what it is like. If, for example, one hotel is more popular than another, we often assume we would have a better stay at the higher rated/more popular hotel. The arguer of appeal to popularity tries to push the same assumptions in regards to religious belief, where the most popular belief must be the best.

    Example

    Classic example: Somebody tries to convince their friend to try smoking by asserting that all the cool kids do it.
    Advertisements that make the claim that: Everybody's doing/using/eating [insert product name here].
    "2.1 Billion Christians can't be wrong."
    Multiple people who independently come to the same conclusion indicates that it's "mind-independent", and thus objectively true.

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    Veteran Member Petros Agapetos's Avatar
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    Special pleading is a claim that standards of evidence should be modified or reversed for a particular claim or type of claim.

    Apologists often compartmentalize their religious beliefs and apply special evidenciary standards to claims related to those beliefs.

    For example, while the standard practice for analyzing a claim places the burden of proof on the individual making the claim, some theists seek to reverse this burden, asserting that belief in the existence of a god (usually their particular preferred god) is warranted until the evidence and arguments opposing this claim are sufficient to warrant disbelief.

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    Veteran Member Petros Agapetos's Avatar
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    Hasty generalizations, also known as the fallacy of insufficient statistics, the fallacy of insufficient sample, leaping to conclusions and hasty induction, is the practice of drawing a conclusion about a population based on a sample size that is too small.

    Syllogism

    Sample S, too small, is taken from population P.
    Conclusion C is drawn about population P based on S.

    The fallacy is a misuse of the following reasoning, known as generalization, inductive generalization and statistical generalization.

    X% of all observed A's are B's.
    Therefore X% of all A's are B's.

    This is not fallacious when enough A's are observed to warrant the conclusion.

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    http://www.theapricity.com/forum/sho...listic-Fallacy
    The Naturalistic Fallacy (Informal Fallacy of Relevance)

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    Do you find this information useful?

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    DI1ck
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    Not really, could've just summarized it in one simple image:

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