6
1 (some of ) Les Poulains = those born of Crusader settlers in the Holy Land who would never see France or Germany or Italy or England. Some have taken wives not only of their own people but Syrians or Armenians or even Saracens who have obtained the grace of baptism. http://medievalmeetsworld.blogspot.i...-poulains.html
2 TURKOPOLES During the period of the Crusades, turcopoles (also "turcoples" or "turcopoli"; from the Greek: τουρκόπουλοι, "sons of Turks") were locally recruited mounted archers employed by the Christian states of the Eastern Mediterranean. The crusaders first encountered turcopoles in the Byzantine army during the First Crusade. These auxiliaries were the children of mixed Greek and Turkish parentage and were at least nominally Christian, although some may have been practicing Muslims. It has been argued that, while turcopoles certainly included light cavalry and mounted archers, the term was a general one also applicable to indigenous Syrian footmen serving as feudal levies in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The turcopoles employed by the crusader states were not necessarily Turkish or mixed-race mercenaries, but many were probably recruited from Christianized Seljuqs, or from Syrian Eastern Orthodox Christians under crusader rule. The Mamluks also considered turcopoles to be traitors and apostates, killing all those whom they captured. The turcopoles who survived the Fall of Acre followed the military orders out of the Holy Land and were established on Cyprus with the Knights Templar and Rhodes and Malta with the Knights Hospitaller.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcopole
3 armenians : Among the good deeds which the Armenian people has done towards the church and the Christian world, it should especially be stressed that, in those times when the Christian princes and the warriors went to retake the Holy Land, no people or nation, with the same enthusiasm, joy and faith came to their aid as the Armenians did, who supplied the Crusaders with horses, provision and guidance. The Armenians assisted these warriors with their utter courage and loyalty during the Holy wars.”
http://www.peopleofar.com/2012/01/28...ian-crusaders/
https://www.quora.com/Were-the-crusaders-all-European
Bookmarks