Genetic quirk in people from isolated Greek village is found to protect them against deadly heart

**wvwvw** · 05-26-2017, 06:37 PM

Genetic quirk in people from isolated Greek village is found to protect them against deadly heart disease - and it provides hope for future treatments
Villagers in northern Crete have low cases of heart disease despite fatty diet
Scientists mapped entire genome of 250 inhabitants to unlock genetic secret
Discovered a new genetic variant which protects the heart against disease
It does this by lowering levels of 'bad' fats and cholesterol, say researchers
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide
By Claudia Tanner For Mailonline
PUBLISHED: 13:59 BST, 26 May 2017

People living in isolated Greek mountains villages live long and healthy lives thanks to a unique gene that protects them against heart disease, scientists have discovered.
Researchers studied the villagers in an area of northern Crete because they had low cases of heart disease despite eating lots of animal fats.
The study, for the first time made a genetic portrait of the population of of Zoniana and Anogia by sequencing the entire genome of 250 individuals.
They found a new genetic variant, common among villagers, which appears to protect the heart by lowering levels of 'bad' fats and cholesterol.
Researchers from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute found that the variant is 40 times more common in this small Greek population than in other European populations.
Lead author Professor Eleftheria Zeggini said: 'Genetic studies like this can help us begin to understand why this is.'

The new gene variant found was associated with lower levels of both 'bad' fats and cholesterol

The team used the results to give a more detailed view of approximately 3,200 people for whom previous genetic information was known.
They identified the new genetic variant rs145556679* which was not previously known to have cardioprotective qualities.

The variant was associated with lower levels of both 'bad' natural fats - triglycerides - and 'bad' cholesterol - VLDL.
Heart disease is associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries and an increased risk of blood clots.
One of the main causes of death and disability in the UK, it can cause damage to arteries in organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes.
The villagers were found to get type 2 diabetes at the same rate as the general Greek population, but they do not appear to suffer from the usual complications of the disease, such as diabetic kidney disease.

The villagers of Zoniana in Mylopotamos (pictured) and Anogia in Rethymno in Crete have intrigued researchers as they have low incidences of heart disease but have a fatty diet

The team also studied an isolated population of 1,700 people from mountainous villages in the Pomak region of northern Greece.
It discovered four separate genetic variants that affect diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, white blood cell count and haemoglobin levels.
The genetic variant R19X was far more common in this population than in other European populations - 2 per cent compared to just 0.5 per cent.
This variant decreases triglyceride levels - a blood fat that increases risk of heart disease - and increases levels of high density lipoproteins. also known as 'good cholesterol', lowering risk of heart disease.
Professor Zeggini said: 'This study shows the importance of looking at the entire genome to better understand the genetic architecture of a population..
'We are finding new genetic variants we haven't seen before.
'We have discovered a medically relevant genetic variant for traits related to cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of death worldwide.'
The findings were published in Nature Communication.

PREVENTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1. Don't smoke

This is one of the most significant risk factors for developing heart disease.

Chemicals in tobacco can damage your heart and blood vessels, leading to narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which can ultimately lead to a heart attack.

2. Exercise for about 30 minutes on most days of the week

Getting some regular, daily exercise can reduce your risk of heart disease. And when you combine physical activity with other lifestyle measures, such as maintaining a healthy weight, the payoff is even greater.

3. Eat a heart-healthy diet

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help protect your heart. Aim to eat beans, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, lean meats, and fish as part of a healthy diet.

4. Maintain a healthy weight

Being overweight - especially if you carry excess weight around your middle - increases your risk of heart disease. Excess weight can lead to conditions that increase your chances of heart disease - including high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.

5. Get enough quality sleep

Sleep deprivation can do more than leave you yawning throughout the day; it can harm your health. People who don't get enough sleep have a higher risk of obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes and depression.

6. Manage stress

Some people cope with stress in unhealthy ways - such as overeating, drinking or smoking. Finding alternative ways to manage stress - such as physical activity, relaxation exercises or meditation - can help improve your health.

7. Get regular health screenings

High blood pressure and high cholesterol can damage your heart and blood vessels. But without testing for them, you probably won't know whether you have these conditions.

Source: Mayo Clinic

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