hungary unhealthiest nation in europe

[Stears]

During the last 1000 years were periods when Czechs were more progressive than Hungarians and vice versa.
Prague University was established in 1348, for example

In 19th century Czech society had to gain upon European nations, and one succeed, finally.
If you imagine that in the outbreak of 19th century was a Czech-speaking intelligentsia a rare exception, you can admit that the temp was very fast.



Education, literature, journalism and theater in the Czech language - it was a program for the Czech intelligentsia.
Political programs had to came later.

Therefore the materialized success of Czech emancipation in the 19th century is a building of National Theatre:


Hungarian national program was succesful in 19th century (unlike the Czech national program) and therefore the materialized success of Hungarian emancipation in the 19th century is a building of National Parliament.


but the following 20th century brought more opportunities for the Czechs

Wrong. Czechia had very little population, and very little capital city. Budapest: 1,3 M people in 1910, Prague had only 300.000 population. Czechs were unable to build up high tech industry, like machine manufacturing and electronics. The only machine manufacturer in Bohemia was Skoda, which lived from State orders (80% of its revenues came from state orders)

Can you tell me, why were the branches of second isnustrial revolution unsuccessfull in the Bohemian Czech parts of Austria-Hungary? For example: internal combustion engines automotive industry, machine manufacturinging, Precision mechanics, electronics and electrotechnology?

There was only one large scale factory, the Skoda works, what was only an ordnance manufacturer, which operated from state supports and state orders instead of living on the market economy.

When we speak about Austro-Hungarian machine industry, we speak about the 4th largest industry in pre ww1 Europe. (Only USA Germany and UK had bigger)

[Stears]

second industrial revolution had no roots in Bohemia.

Automotive industry

Austrian Empire
Prior to World War I, the Austrian Empire had four car manufacturer companies. These were: Austro-Daimler in Wiener-Neustadt (cars trucks, buses),[45] Gräf & Stift in Vienna (cars),[46] Laurin & Klement in Mladá Boleslav(motorcycles, cars)[47] and Lohner-Werke in Vienna (cars).[48] Austrian car production started in 1897.

Kingdom of Hungary
Prior to World War I, the Kingdom of Hungary had four car manufacturer companies. These were: the Ganz company[49][50] in Budapest, RÁBA Automobile[51] in Győr, MÁG (later Magomobil)[52][53] in Budapest, and MARTA (Hungarian Automobile Joint-stock Company Arad)[54] in Arad. Hungarian car production started in 1900. Automotive factories in the Kingdom of Hungary manufactured motorcycles, cars, taxicabs, trucks and buses.

Aeronautic industry

Austrian Empire:
The first airplane in Austria was Edvard Rusjan's design, the Eda I, which had its maiden flight in the vicinity of Gorizia on 25 November 1909.[55]


Kingdom of Hungary:
The first Hungarian hydrogen filled experimental ballons were built by István Szabik and József Domin in 1784. The first Hungarian designed and produced airplane (powered by inline engine) was flown in 1909 at Rákosmező.[56] The earliest Hungarian radial engine powered airplane was built in 1913. Between 1913-18, the Hungarian aircraft industry began developing. The 3 greatest: UFAG Hungarian Aircraft Factory (1914), Hungarian General Aircraft Factory (1916), Hungarian Lloyd Aircraft, Engine Factory at Aszód (1916),[57] and Marta in Arad (1914).[58] During the WW I, fighter planes, bombers and reconnaissance planes were produced in these factories. The most important aeroengine factories were Weiss Manfred Works, GANZ Works, and Hungarian Automobile Joint-stock Company Arad.




Locomotive engine and railway vehicle manufacturers

Austrian Empire:
The locomotive (steam engines and wagons, bridge and iron structures) factories were installed in Vienna (Locomotive Factory of the State Railway Company, founded in 1839), in Wiener Neustadt (New Vienna Locomotive Factory, founded in 1841), and in Floridsdorf (Floridsdorf Locomotive Factory, founded in 1869).[citation needed]
Kingdom of Hungary:
The Hungarian Locomotive (engines and wagons bridge and iron structures) factories were the MÁVAG company in Budapest (steam engines and wagons) and the Ganz company in Budapest (steam engines, wagons, the production of electric locomotives and electric trams started from 1894).[59] and the RÁBA Company in Győr.




Electrical Industry and Electronics

Main articles: Ganz Works, War of Currents and Tungsram
Power plants, generators and transformers
In 1878, the Ganz company's general manager András Mechwart (1853–1942) founded the Department of Electrical Engineering headed by Károly Zipernowsky (1860–1939). Engineers Miksa Déri (1854–1938) and Ottó Bláthy (1860–1939) also worked at the department producing direct-current machines and arc lamps.
The first turbo-generators were water turbines which propelled electric generators. The first Hungarian water turbine was designed by the engineers of the Ganz Works in 1866, the mass production with dynamo generators started in 1883.[39] The manufacturing of steam turbo generators started in 1903.
In the autumn of 1884, Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy and Miksa Déri (ZBD), three engineers associated with the Ganz factory, had determined that open-core devices were impracticable, as they were incapable of reliably regulating voltage.[40] In their joint 1885 patent applications for novel transformers (later called ZBD transformers), they described two designs with closed magnetic circuits where copper windings were either a) wound around iron wire ring core or b) surrounded by iron wire core.[41] The two designs were the first application of the two basic transformer constructions in common use to this day, which can as a class all be termed as either core form or shell form (or alternatively, core type or shell type), as in a) or b), respectively (see images).[42][43][44][45] The Ganz factory had also in the autumn of 1884 made delivery of the world's first five high-efficiency AC transformers, the first of these units having been shipped on September 16, 1884.[46] This first unit had been manufactured to the following specifications: 1,400 W, 40 Hz, 120:72 V, 11.6:19.4 A, ratio 1.67:1, one-phase, shell form.[46] In both designs, the magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings traveled almost entirely within the confines of the iron core, with no intentional path through air (see Toroidal cores below). The new transformers were 3.4 times more efficient than the open-core bipolar devices of Gaulard and Gibbs.[47]



The Hungarian "ZBD" team invented the first high efficiency, closed core shunt connection transformer and practical parallel-connected distribution circuits.


The ZBD patents included two other major interrelated innovations: one concerning the use of parallel connected, instead of series connected, utilization loads, the other concerning the ability to have high turns ratio transformers such that the supply network voltage could be much higher (initially 1,400 to 2,000 V) than the voltage of utilization loads (100 V initially preferred).[48][49] When employed in parallel connected electric distribution systems, closed-core transformers finally made it technically and economically feasible to provide electric power for lighting in homes, businesses and public spaces.[50][51] Bláthy had suggested the use of closed cores, Zipernowsky had suggested the use of parallel shunt connections, and Déri had performed the experiments;[52] The other essential milestone was the introduction of 'voltage source, voltage intensive' (VSVI) systems'[53] by the invention of constant voltage generators in 1885.[54] Ottó Bláthy also invented the first AC electricity meter.[55][56][57][58] Transformers today are designed on the principles discovered by the three engineers. They also popularized the word 'transformer' to describe a device for altering the emf of an electric current,[50][59] although the term had already been in use by 1882.[60][61] In 1886, the ZBD engineers designed, and the Ganz factory supplied electrical equipment for, the world's first power station that used AC generators to power a parallel connected common electrical network, the steam-powered Rome-Cerchi power plant.[62] The reliability of the AC technology received impetus after the Ganz Works electrified a large European metropolis: Rome in 1886.[62]
Light Bulbs
Tungsram is a Hungarian manufacturer of light bulbs and vacuum tubes since 1896. On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries.[63] Their experiments also showed that the luminosity of bulbs filled with an inert gas was higher than in vacuum. The tungsten filament outlasted all other types (especially the former carbon filaments). The British Tungsram Radio Works was subsidiary of the Hungarian Tungsram in pre WW2 days.

The Orion Electronics was founded in 1913. Its main profiles were the production of electrical switches, sockets, wires, incandescent lamps, electric fans, electric kettles, and various household electronics.

Telecommunication

The first telegraph station on Hungarian territory was opened in December 1847 in Pressburg/ Pozsony /Bratislava/. In 1848, – during the Hungarian Revolution – another telegraph centre was built in Buda to connect the most important governmental centres. The first telegraph connection between Vienna and Pest – Buda (later Budapest) was constructed in 1850.[66] In 1884, 2,406 telegraph post offices operated in the Kingdom of Hungary.[67] By 1914 the number of telegraph offices reached 3,000 in post offices and further 2,400 were installed in the railway stations of the Kingdom of Hungary.[68]
The first Hungarian telephone exchange was opened in Budapest (May 1, 1881)[69] All telephone exchanges of the cities and towns in Kingdom of Hungary were linked in 1893.[66] By 1914, more than 2000 settlements had telephone exchange in Kingdom of Hungary.[68]
The Telephone Herald was a unique service in the World. From 1893, 20 years before the invention of the radio, residents of Budapest could listen to news, cabaret, music and opera at home and in public spaces daily. It operated w​​ith a special type of Telephone exchange system and an own separated network .
The first Hungarian telephone factory (Factory for Telephone Apparatuses) was founded by János Neuhold in Budapest in 1879, which produced telephones microphones, telegraphs, and telephone exchanges.[70][71][72]

[Stears]

So Bohemia had no signifficant electro-technology. Nobody know about bohemian steam turbo generators, transformers , there were only one small automotive factory (which changed its name many times, but the user "the Rat" mentioned it as different companies. .

There weren't electric train factories, there weren't large electric bulb factories, telephone and and telephone-exchange production, there weren't bohemian electron tube production.
I did not mention the diesel engines or diesel eletric submarines, airplanes aeroengines etc...

[Mikula]

Wrong. Czechia had very little population, and very little capital city. Budapest: 1,3 M people in 1910, Prague had only 300.000 population. Czechs were unable to build up high tech industry, like machine manufacturing and electronics. The only machine manufacturer in Bohemia was Skoda, which lived from State orders (80% of its revenues came from state orders)

Can you tell me, why were the branches of second isnustrial revolution unsuccessfull in the Bohemian Czech parts of Austria-Hungary? For example: internal combustion engines automotive industry, machine manufacturinging, Precision mechanics, electronics and electrotechnology?

There was only one large scale factory, the Skoda works, what was only an ordnance manufacturer, which operated from state supports and state orders instead of living on the market economy.

When we speak about Austro-Hungarian machine industry, we speak about the 4th largest industry in pre ww1 Europe. (Only USA Germany and UK had bigger)

Stears, I know that you like to troll, but Czech areas where locomotion of Austro-Hungarian industry..
Even its 1st automobile where made here.
Names of some technical inventors:
František Křižík

Josef Ressel
Jakub Husník
Karel Klíč

I did not expect that this thread will change to comparing of dicks.
Anyway, I have positive meaning about Hungarian culture, and Hungarians ,at all..
But it seems that each country has its own Stears at this forum

[Stears]

Stears, I know that you like to troll, but Czech areas where locomotion of Austro-Hungarian industry..
Even its 1st automobile where made here.
Names of some technical inventors:
František Křižík

Josef Ressel
Jakub Husník
Karel Klíč

I did not expect that this thread will change to comparing of dicks.
Anyway, I have positive meaning about Hungarian culture, and Hungarians ,at all..
But it seems that each country has its own Stears at this forum

Wrong. You have didn't even read the article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienc...ogy_in_Hungary

Fortunatelly , International scientific communities didn't know your achievements in science, since you have only half of the number in scientific Nobel awards of Hungarians (13 scientific type of Nobel awards)

Yes, I know your answer: because the international scientific communities conspired globally against the "great" Czechian minds ))))))

And what were your inventions? Mostly unimportant, or other people invented it earlier in other countries.

Read:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary#Economy However, since the turn of the twentieth century, the Austrian half of the Monarchy could preserve its dominance within the empire in the sectors of the first industrial revolution, but Hungary had a better position in the industries of the second industrial revolution, in these modern sectors of the second industrial revolution in the Austrian competition could not become dominant.^[54]

Hungary with its 4 automotive company had more produced cars and more automotive than bohemia in its only 1 factory.

Speak about Czech steam locomotive engine factories before WW1.
We had four.

Speak about Czech steam and petrol tractors cabs and buses??? How many firms produced them continuosly?

Speak about pre ww1 Czech electric generators, steam turbines, water turbines diesel engines ? We had 2 companies.

speak about light bulb vacuum tube radio tube and X-ray tube production and factories..... )))))

speak about aero-engine factories and aeroplan factories..... We had 4.


I did not mention oceanliners, ship building and submarine building industries, because you had not even seaports.....