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When watching sports tournaments, i've always perceived that more European looking individuals tend to have seemingly less ripped abdominal muscles than Africans and Pardos. Our body fat is roughly divided between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, SAT and VAT. SAT is the principal responsible for the 'unfit' aspect of the abdomen. After a quick search, i've found some studies on the ethnic differences on abdominal fat distribution and my suspicions were confirmed: Europeans do tend to have more SAT and VAT than Africans, and Native Americans lies somewhere between both. On the other hand, South Asians have even higher tendency to unfitness than Europeans.
'The associations between conventional anthropometric measures and abdominal fat distribution varied by ethnicity in almost all models. Europeans had the highest levels of VAT in adjusted analyses and Africans the lowest with ethnic differences most apparent at higher levels of the anthropometric measures. Similar ethnic differences were seen in the associations with SAT for a given anthropometric measure.'
'South Asians had more and African Caribbeans less VAT than Europeans. For basic VAT prediction equations (age and waist circumference), model fit was better in men (R(2) range 0.59-0.71) than women (range 0.35-0.59). Expanded equations (+ weight, height, hip and thigh circumference) improved fit for South Asian and African Caribbean women (R(2) 0.35 to 0.55, and 0.43 to 0.56 respectively). For basic SAT equations, R(2) was 0.69-0.77, and for expanded equations it was 0.72-0.86. Cross-validation showed differences between actual and estimated VAT of <7%, and SAT of <8% in all groups, apart from VAT in South Asian women which disagreed by 16%.'
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