Qasr Bashir in the Jordanian desert, is an incredibly rare survivor -- a Roman fort with walls still standing 20 or more feet high. Yet it has been surprisingly neglected by archaeology. Using the "Medieval Engineers" software and many of my own 3D models, I have attempted to recreate the fort to give an idea of what it would have looked like in its 4th century heyday.

The Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East & North Africa website: http://eamena.arch.ox.ac.uk/


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Primary Sources:
-Ammianus Marcellinus. 14.8.
-Ammianus Marcellinus. 14.4.
-Eusebius of Caesarea. Onom. 10.15-24.
-Eusebius of Caesarea. Onom. 11.13-23.
-Notitia Dignitatum Pars Orientalis. 61. http://lukeuedasarson.com/DuxArabiae....
-CIL III, 14149.

Secondary Sources:
-Arce, I. “Severan Castra, Tetrarchic Quadriburgia, Justinian Coenobia, and Ghassanid Diyarat: Patterns of transformation of limes Arabicus forts during late antiquity” in Collins, R; Symonds, M. & Weber, M. (eds.) Roman Military Architecture on the Frontiers Armies and Their Architecture in Late Antiquity, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2015, 98-122.
-Kennedy, D. The Roman Army in Jordan. Council for British Research in the Levant: London, 2004.
-Parker, T. S. Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier. The American School of Oriental Research: Winona Lake, 1984..
-Parker, T. S. (ed.) The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report of the Limes Arabicus Project 1980-1989. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection: Washington D.C.
-Parker, T. S. (ed.) The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Interim Report on the Limes Arabicus Project 1980-1985. BAR International Series: Oxford, 1987.