Alexander Vovin: A linguistic contact between Tai-Kadai language family and Japonic language family

[Oasis]

O-M176のサブクレードに属するY-DNAを合計すると、現在日本人の約32%を占める。

While the oldest mtDNA D4b1a in China was reported from the Neolithic Beiqian settlement of the Jiaodong Peninsula, from where yDNA O1b2-47z ancestors originated to China and the yDNA pre-O1b2-47z should have joined the coastal part of the Austronesians, the yDNA N-M231 Pingliangtai individuals had an absolutely different origin.

The Pingliangtai settlement is famous, because the ca. 4000-year-old Pingliangtai network of ceramic water pipes is the oldest complete drainage system discovered in China so far.




Theytree.com points that the yDNA N-M231 lineages of the Pingliangtai individuals originating from the mentioned Longshan culture Pingliangtai settlement, are really different from each other.

Similarly, "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago" by the Chinese Academy of Sciences reported that the Pingliangtai yDNA N-M231 PLTM312 did not have any Amur/Xianbei component, which points to the areas of origin of PLTM312 ancestors closer to the territory of the rice farming Han_Hubei-related Shijiahe culture from the Yangtze River Basin.

G7852A M7a1a5a
G7852A D4y6b
G7852A P4a
G7852A F1-a1a
G7852A B5a1b1

Chinese mtDNA articles point to G7852A mutation, which joins Pingliantai yDNA N-M231 individuals as well as some other individuals of mtDNA B5a1, whose ancestors contributed to the Tai-Kadai population, which is in accordance with the Tai-Kadai mtDNA data of “Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Origins and Genetic Structure of the Neolithic Shimao Population in Northern China”.



The second cline joins the yDNA N-M231-influenced rice farming populations with the heartland of the formation of the Japanese people. Indeed, the Japonic speaking Okinawan populations is dominated by yDNA D-M64 (55,6%), whose branches were influenced by the “Yangtzean yDNA N-M231”-influenced rice farming populations in accordance with the articles of The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (especially the branches of yDNA D-M64, which were reported from ancient DNA from Korea).

The Near Eastern-like affinity, which Ebizur fears so much, is irresistible, because in accordance with the articles of the mentioned institution, the East Asian part of this connection is related to the mtDNA M7b’c population, which was nonetheless to a certain degree augmented by the “Yangtzean yDNA N-M231” bearers.

[Oasis]

36 members is a very small number for the membership of a clade on 23mofang's phylogenetic tree of Y-DNA. For comparison, 305 members of E1b1b1-M35.1, 260 members of R2-M479, 150 members of T-M184, and 78 members of I1-M253 are currently listed on the same tree.

Such lineages arrived quite late to China (first to some marginal areas of China) and the time of their arrival does not fit the Palaeolithic or Early Neolithic lookalikes.

What is worth mentioning is the nature of the Neolithic Beiqian settlement, to which O1b2-47z was related. There is an East Asian lineage in Beiqian, such as mtDNA Z3, which appears in some Altaic populations/in the Japanese and which is considered a lineage related to the “Altaic”/”Transeurasian” Xinglongwa culture.

Similarly, the Beiqian-related Shandong and Henan specimens from the PCA below were related to the following kinds of mtDNA M10a1b:

[] the Shandong M10a1b-related specimen had a connection to the Western Eurasian mtDNA X2e2a, observed in some Altaic populations.

[] the Henan M10a1b-related specimen had a connection to the Western Eurasian mtDNA J1c10. mtDNA J1c10a was even mentioned in “Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Origins and Genetic Structure of the Neolithic Shimao Population in Northern China” as mtDNA of the “Altaic” Tungusic specimen.

Moreover, the M10a1b lineage was sacrificed as a Xinglongwa-related lineage alongside with the sacrifice of some lineage related to coastal Austronesians by at least some ancient yDNA N-M231-related populations in China. Basically, the Xinglongwa-related populations on the Liaodong Peninsula in front of Neolithic Beiqian’s Jiaodong Peninsula would be those "Transeurasian"/”Altaic” populations related to the Japanese and Koreans, as proposed by Robbeets and Whitman.

So the Neolithic Beiqian settlement appears to be an ideal place for the formation of the “Austronesian- Western Eurasian Altaic” mixture, which some researchers, such as Yoshizo Itabashi, observe in some materials of the Japanese language. However, the Japanese language is treated by most researchers as the language isolate, which is not closely related to Altaic and Austronesian languages.

Below is the discussed PCA and the explanation for it.

mostly Chinese-derived (…) 1/20 = 5% N-L666

Unlike what you have written, the ca. 11000-year-old low coverage sample AR11K_outlier, related to N-F1360 cline and likely belonging to population ancestral to Shamanka_EN N-L666, got himself placed on the PCA quite closely to the samples mixed with the Neolithic Shandong Beiqian settlement, from where ancestors of yDNA O1b2-47z were passed to yDNA O1a-M119-related Austronesian-related populations (“The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene”). We see that one Han_Jiangsu and one Han_Hubei are slightly approaching “O1b2-47z-related” very isolated “cline”. This is consistent with the mention of difficulty of approaching such coastal tattooed populations, described in the ancient Chinese sources. The existence of this isolation is supported by the fact that their “progenitor”, the population contributing to the Austronesian Thao people of Taiwan, still did not experience any shift from the direction of being 100% yDNA O1a-M119 ( their ancient society may not even know that one of pre O1b2-47z was born in their population and later multiplied in one of Austronesian-related populations). However, this may be different from the Chinese-specific branch of O1b2-47z, which apparently chose to break the isolation and mixed with mtDNA N9a1-related populations, which contributed to the Lower Xiajiadian from the Yellow River settlements, which interacted with the rice farming Yangtze River cultures, such as the Shijiahe culture, during that period.

UPDATE:
Added the “Proto-Transeurasian/Altaic” “Xinglongwa-related” cline for Ebizur on the same PCA. It intersects the Tungusic yDNA C2-M217/mtDNA J1c10a specimen as well.