0
However, we already know from "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago" that a more basal ancient sample Dushan (yDNA O-M7 ancestral to yDNA O-Y37855>O-N5) interacted with yDNA N-M231 Boshan-related population and contributed some ancestry to them. This does not mean that the affected yDNA N-M231 Boshan-related population could not contribute some of their ancestry and linguistic features to the very nearest yDNA O-M7 Dushan-like population, which contributed ancestry to them. At least the Boshan-like contribution to some Dushan-related Hmong/Miao-related ancients was discovered in "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago". Judging by the approach of "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago", it is more likely that Boshan-Dushan interaction was not direct because of the distance, but was instead mediated by some yDNA F* population, whose yDNA F* bearers were generously reported from Japan instead of yDNA N-M231. As for mtDNA M7b2, which seems to be a rice-farmer-related lineage important for Japonic-speaking Ryukyuans in Tanaka et al, 2004, this M7b2 was placed to Tai-Kadai (Kra-Dai) speakers in “Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Origins and Genetic Structure of the Neolithic Shimao Population in Northern China”. However, one should bear in mind that mtDNA M7b2 in China shares lots of mutations with different sorts of Western Eurasians, according to the Chinese data. Then the yDNA F-related population, which admixed with Boshan and Dushan populations, should interact with possibly Japonic Ryukyuan-related mtDNA M7b2-rich population which also got included into Tai-Kadai speakers. It is a way for possibly Japonic Ryukyuan-related mtDNA M7b2-rich population to obtain linguistic features found in yDNA O-M7 Dushan-like populations and yDNA N-M231 Boshan-like populations.Originally Posted by Ebizur
UPDATE0 As was already mentioned, yDNA C2-M217-related and yDNA Q-related ancestries were likely to unite in the ancient 19000-year-old AR19K sample in “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene”. “Three major lineages of Asian Y chromosomes: implications for the peopling of east and southeast Asia” (2002), "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses
of maternal and paternal lineages" (2004), that is, Japanese genetic articles of the early 2000s placed an “Uzbekistan Jew”-related Western Eurasian lineage in the Kyushu island of Japan and yDNa Q-related lineage was placed to the Ryukyuans, as if it were the Ryukyuans that should have been blamed for Western Eurasian elements in the Japanese as a sort of the outlier population. In “Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes” American authors appeared and slightly reshaped the picture: it was hinted by the tiny reduction in the “counting of humans” percentage that non-East Asian (possibly Near East-related) lineages in Japan may harbor admixture from archaic humans, thus, they probably should not be considered to be related to ancestral Near Eastern populations. It was shown that two cases of C2-M217 in Japan harbor some admixture related to non-Japanese lineages (0,1%), likely Near Eastern; thus, this sort of admixture may indicate the Western Eurasian influence on “Altaic” populations. However, the same selection of Ryukyuans remained in the American-influenced article, thus, the Rykyuans could still be blamed for being the source of yDNA Q in the Japanese. However, the union of yDNA C2-M217-related and yDNA Q-related ancestries in the ancient 19000-year-old AR19K sample (who clustered the closest to the Japanese) in “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene” possibly shows that yDNA Q lineage came to the Ryukyuans from the mainland Japanese, and a Western Eurasian-influenced C2-M217 lineage also appeared from the population related to the mainland Japanese. As there was a certain degree of genetic isolation between the Ryukyuans and the Japanese, one may suppose that this genetic difference between two populations has lasted since the Neolithic period. The Ryukyuan M7b2-rich population might have been the initial rice farmers to a certain degree related to the Tai-Kadai, while the Western Eurasian influenced population was ancestral to the mainland Japanese and provided the Western Eurasian influence detected in more East Asian-related mtDNA M7b2-rich Ryukyuans. This vision is approaching from “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene” and "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago".
However, the D4a3 lineage was not observed in Neolithic Shandong (along with some other northern-related lineages which were also absent) which is already quite well studied (“Maternal genetic structure in ancient Shandong between 9500 and 1800 years ago”), and it is relevant for the reconstruction of ethnogenetic processes as well. In “Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Origins and Genetic Structure of the Neolithic Shimao Population in Northern China” , the related mtDNA D4a5 lineage first appeared in Yangshao Qingtai_Middle Neolithic and was only found in Shandong Late Neolithic. In case of other lineages, which were absent in Shandong Early Neolithic and Middle Neolithic, were present in Yangshao Qingtai Middle Neolithic, but appeared in Shandong Late Neolithic, the only conclusion to be drawn is the diffusion of such lineages from Qingtai to Shandong. Thus, the same conclusion should be drawn for mtDNA D4a5 lineage which is also likely to have come to Shandong from Qingtai in the Late Neolithic.D4a3a*-15412C:
- Shandong: 4/1844=0,22%
- Shaanxi: 1/562=0,178%
D4a3a1*-3866T (no information about the 228 locus as for the Han Chinese samples of Li et al. 2019):
- Shandong: 2/1844=0,108%
D4a3a1a-13401C
- Shandong: 2/1844=0,108%
UPDATE yDNA N-L666 branch shares an L666 mutations with the deep Indian yDNA K2a-Y28299 branch, and yDNA N-M231 uniparental is modeled using 0,2% of this deep yDNA K2a*-related ancestry (which was very widely distributed in the world) in "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago". The shared ancient ancestry of the deep Palaeolithic level explains the shared mutations with other Palaeolithic yDNA branches.
Bookmarks