Which European nations have contributed most to the European civilization?

**Visage pâle** · 07-07-2015, 07:03 PM

Originally Posted by Robocop

People, nevermind England, France or Portugal were united before Italy or Germany, term nation applied for them in same time as for Italy or Germany, means in 19th century.

Wrong, during middle ages, Dante ( XIIIth century ) wrote about the french nation, Machiavel too in the sixteen ( Renaissance ).

About germany and italy , they were nothing more than geographical expressions before the second half of 19th century as stated by Metternich.

**~~Ctwentysevenj~~** · 07-08-2015, 08:03 AM

The Austro-Hungarian empire also contributed much to science, engineering and the arts.

**♥ Lily ♥** · 07-08-2015, 08:06 AM

The British and French have achieved a lot in history around the time of the Industrial Revolution, but also the two nations have achieved a lot in science and technology during the last 20 years to this present day too, such as the bionic man, first IVF baby, the Millau Bridge, Concorde, Eurotunnel, the Skylon, the world wide web, etc.

**~~Stears~~** · 07-08-2015, 09:41 AM

Real France was born only under Louis XI, before Louis XI it was a geographic unit, a nominal puzzle country.

**Nurzat** · 07-08-2015, 09:48 AM

depends on region. for central eastern Europe, for example, Hungary and Poland were the civilization, for 1000 years ! West was not important until 19th century for eastern Europe (except for some decades when Italian sailors ruled the Black Sea ports in the middle ages)