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Thread: Iberia, the European zone with highest biodiversity

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    Todos contra nos Y nos contra todos Empecinado's Avatar
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    Default Iberia, the European zone with highest biodiversity

    I see that most of the people have a distorted view about the Iberian landscape, thinking that all of it consists in a sort of desert without any relevant wildlife. Even when they go here, they just go to the touristic regions, which apart from only reflecting one of the many habitats existing here, are overcrowded and degraded. So I opened this thread to point out some facts and I invite you all to visit the non-touristic Iberia.


    Iberian Peninsula is the European place with the highest diversity of animal species, ecosystems and endemisms, being:

    -nş1 in number of bird species
    -nş1 in number of mammals
    -nş1 in number of reptiles
    -3ş in number of fish

    10.000 out of 12.000 plant species in Europe are found in Iberia. Including the only native European palm:



    1700 species are endemisms (only existing in Iberia).

    Spain is the second country, after Sweden, with the highest number of km2 of forest area in Europe.

    Iberia includes near 60% of all the habitats existing through Europe, from sub-desertic climates to Central European high mountain ones, also forest of all classes: Central Europeans like oak and beech, and Mediterranean like ilex and cork.

























    Iberia keeps significant and growing populations of animals extincted or almost extincted in most of Europe, like eagles, griffon vultures, brown bears, wolves, lynx...











  2. #2
    Veteran Member Lábaru's Avatar
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    Thanks Empecinado, this video always fills me with nostalgia, the music, the familiar voice of Felix, the hunters who resemble my (DEP) maternal grandfather. The mountains and forests of Iberia have a special and unique magic.

    Espada tengo. Lo demás, Dios lo remedie.

    In the west almost all Spain had been subjugated, except that part which adjoins the cliffs where the Pyrenees end and is washed by the nearer waters of the ocean. Here two powerful nations, the Cantabrians and the Asturians, lived in freedom from the rule of Rome.")
    — Lucius Anneus Florus , Epitome de T. Livio Bellorum omnium annorum DCC Libri duo Bellum Cantabricum et Asturicum


    Ethnicity of the Celts/Iberian. Tribes: Avariginos, Blendi, Concanos, Coniscos, Orgenomescos, Plentusios, Tamáricos and Vadinienses.--->http://www.theapricity.com/forum/sho...40#post3047240

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    Todos contra nos Y nos contra todos Empecinado's Avatar
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    ^^Thanks to him the wolf didn't become extincted and has a growing population, a great man.

    Tabernas Desert

    It is one of the only true semi-deserts in Europe (there are no true absolute deserts in Europe), located within Spain´s southeastern province of Almería. The Desert of Tabernas, because of its similarities with the North American deserts like the Far West of the American West, northern Africa, the Arabian deserts, and its lunar landscape, served from 1950s and is still used today for the shooting of many films and westerns. The Spaghetti Westerns were shot at the three main studios, Texas Hollywood, Mini Hollywood, and Western Leone.



    Font Roja

    This area located in the Alicante province, SE Spain, holds an example of Mediterranean forest, with a varied fauna which comprises the wildcat, the genet, the marten, the weasel, the badger, wild boar and a rare type of black fox. The avifauna is present with species like the robin, Bonelli's eagle, the eagle owl, the peregrine falcon, the hawk, the goshawk, the Golden Eagle, the tawny owl and vulture.

    The holm oak and pine forests of the Font Roja and Mariola constitute one of the most notable extensions of forest in Valencia, despite being in a densely populated area of over 80,000 inhabitants in the urban area that follows the axis of the upper course of the river Serpis.



    Dońana

    Dońana National Park is a natural reserve in Andalusia, southern Spain, in the provinces of Huelva and Seville. It covers 543 km˛ (337.41 mi2), of which 135 km˛ (83.89 mi2) are a protected area. The park is an area of marsh, shallow streams, and sand dunes in Las Marismas, the Guadalquivir River Delta region where it flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Its considered the largest nature reserve in Europe.

    In 1994 UNESCO designated the park a World Heritage Site. UNESCO has also recognised the park as a Biosphere reserve. It is a wetland of international importance on the list of the Ramsar Convention.

    The park has a biodiversity that is unique in Europe, although there are some similarities to the Camargue, with which Dońana is twinned. Dońana contains a great variety of ecosystems and shelters wildlife including thousands of European and African migratory birds, fallow deer, Spanish red deer, wild boar, European badger, Egyptian mongoose, and endangered species such as the Spanish Imperial Eagle and Iberian Lynx.

    During the 19th and 20th centuries, a herd of feral dromedaries roamed the area. They may have been introduced during the Moorish Conquest of Spain in the 8th century, or they may have escaped from a herd introduced by the Marquis de Molina as beasts of burden in 1829.

    In 2011, an archeological team proposed that the lost city of Atlantis was once located in what are now the swamps of the Dońana National Park having been destroyed by a tsunami.



    Hayedo de Montejo

    The Hayedo de Montejo is a beech forest of 250 hectares located in the foothills of the Sierra de Ayllon and the municipality of Montejo de la Sierra (Madrid, Spain), north of the province of Madrid and the border with the province Guadalajara and the Jarama river. It was declared a Natural Site of National Interest in 1974, being one of the most southern beech forest of Europe.



    Sierra Nevada:


    The Sierra Nevada (meaning "snowy range" in Spanish) is a mountain range in the region of Andalucia, provinces of Granada and Almería in Spain. It contains the highest point of continental Spain, Mulhacén at 3,478 metres (11,411 ft) above sea level.

    It is a popular tourist destination, as its high peaks make skiing possible in one of Europe's most southerly ski resorts, in an area along the Mediterranean Sea predominantly known for its warm temperatures and abundant sunshine. At its foothills is found the city of Granada and, a little further, Almería and Málaga.

    Due to its isolated location in the far south of Europe, the flora and fauna of the Sierra Nevada are unique.
    The park is home to a thriving Spanish ibex population, along with other species such as wild boar, martens, badgers and wildcats. Native bird species include the Golden Eagle, Bonelli’s Eagle, Common Kestrel, Little Owl, Eurasian Eagle-owl, European Goldfinch, Serin, Ortolan, Dartford Warbler, Wheateater, Red-legged Partridge and Common Quail.



    Sierra de Guadarrama

    The Sierra de Guadarrama is a mountain range forming the main eastern section of the Sistema Central, the system of mountain ranges at the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, located near Madrid, the capital. The vegetation of the mountain range is characterized by an abundance of pine forests and copses of oak and Holm oak in its lower slopes, while the montane grasslands and pastures around the summits are fringed by juniper and Spanish Broom shrubs. The mountains abound with a variety of wildlife such as Spanish ibex, roe deer, fallow deer, wild boar, badger, wolf, various types of weasel, European wild cat, fox and hare. The area is also rich in birdlife including birds of prey such as the Spanish Imperial Eagle and the Eurasian Black Vulture.




    Picos de Europa


    The Picos de Europa National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa) is a National Park in the Picos de Europa mountain range, in northern Spain. It is shared by the autonomous communities of Asturias, Cantabria and Castile and León.Several types of woods can be found in the area: trees include beeches and Cantabrian Holm Oaks.

    There are many protected animal species, like the Capercaillie, the Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus), the Cantabrian brown bear and the Iberian Wolf (Canis lupus signatus). The most representative animal of the Picos de Europa is the Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) or sarrio, or its more specific relative, the Cantabrian chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) or rebeco, of which there are many sculptures around the park, as well as the Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica).



    Rías

    The Galician Rías, long stretches of water leading into the land like the fiords, define the landscape of Galicia. They hold a diverse sea wildlife, and wild horses graze in the meadows near the Atlantic sea.



    Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park

    A wild mountain region in the Pyrenees, with peaks rising to 3017 m (Besiberri Sud) and with nearly 200 lakes, many of them of glacial origin, the park comprises a core area of 141 km˛ and a buffer zone of 267 km˛ surrounding the park. The park has an elevation range from 1600 to 3000 metres and contains four major vegetation zones: lower montane, upper montane, subalpine and alpine. It has a great variety of alpine vegetation, including dark-coniferous mountain forest (fir, mountain pine) and subalpine pine forest.

    The fauna includes Pyrenean chamois, marmot, ermine, roe deer, among other mammals and numerous birds (Black Woodpecker, Common Crossbill, Lammergeier, Golden Eagle).


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    Todos contra nos Y nos contra todos Empecinado's Avatar
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    Green: forest
    Yellow: agricultural land
    Orange: agroforestry






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    I always thought of Spain to be a mountainous country.

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    Quote Originally Posted by FeederOfRavens View Post
    I always thought of Spain to be a mountainous country.
    It is:


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    Quote Originally Posted by Empecinado View Post
    It is:

    So Mountain Forest is what defines the country best.

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    Veteran Member Ivan Kramskoď's Avatar
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    In human biodiversity, in France we win hands down ...

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    Quote Originally Posted by FeederOfRavens View Post
    So Mountain Forest is what defines the country best.
    I wouldn't say so. Much of Spain is actually a giant plateau called Meseta Central (Madrid is one of the highest european capitals if i'm not mistaken).
    As for mountains you have the pyrenees, the cordillera cantábrica in the north and sierra nevada in the south, among others:


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    Quote Originally Posted by FeederOfRavens View Post
    So Mountain Forest is what defines the country best.
    I'd say mountain forest and plateau, the typical Quixote landscape:


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