The Central Asian Proto-Europids and Europo-Mongoloids:
"38 men’s and 16 women’s skulls obtained from the burials of Maslyakha 1 and 2 (Krutikha district, Altaj kraj) burial grounds have been investigated. The latter have been referred to the Kamenka archaeological culture and dated to the 3rd–1st centuries В.С. Аnalysis of the craniological materials showed that in the said chronological period the territory of North Altaj was inhabited by the Eurasian population in which a Mongoloid admixture could be traced. The Eurasian stratum is related to the proto-European type to be present in the Andronovo population of the Bronze Age. The Моngoloid admixture is heterogenous: one of its parts is of the Central Asian origin while the other is of the forest West Siberian origin. Following ethnogenetic relations, one can trace relationship of the Kamenka culture population with the Sakas as well as with bearers of the Sargatka culture and Savromatae-Sarmatian groups."
Ryikun M. P.: Materials on Craniology of the North Altay population in the Early Iron Age (Kamenka culture) - Bulletin of Archeology, Anthropology and Ethnography, 1999 Vol 2
"In the late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. the Afanasievo Culture emerged in northern Mongolia. The Afanasievo Culture had a cattle breeding economy mainly known from the kurgan cemeteries in the Minusinsk Basin and in the Gorny Altai region. Sites in both areas have been studied extensively. In Mongolia, Afanasievo cemeteries have been discovered on both the western and eastern slopes of the Hangai Mountains in the vicinity of Altan Sandal (Gold Chair) and Shatar Chuluu (Stone Chest).
The Afanasievo cultural ties were primarily with the west. Censer bowls found in Afanasievo burials are completely analogous with those from the southern Russian Catacomb burials.
According to physical anthropologists the Afanasievo population was Paleo-European, descending from the Cro-Magnon people of Paleolithic Europe. It appears that the carriers of the Mongolian Afanasievo Culture were the easternmost Europoid tribes which populated Inner Asia at the dawn of the Bronze Age.
As mentioned previously, the Afanasievo-type populations found in the Altan Sandal and Shatar Chuluu burials at Khangai have Europoid skulls. The people belonged to one of the most eastern and most ancient groups of Europoid tribes to inhabit Inner Asia. They also contrast sharply with the Paleo-Asiatic groups found in the Late Neolithic or Eneolithic complexes of eastern Mongolia. 9 This leads to the conclusion that cultural and anthropological differences between two groups, one in eastern and the other in western Mongolia, appear to have developed at the onset of the Bronze Age."
"The physical appearance of the Saka in eastern Kazakhstan is essentially the same as that of the previous Bronze Age population (Ismagulov, 1965). However, some skulls of the Saka Period display Mongoloid admixture, particularly prominent among the female skulls. This has led the anthropologists to conclude that Europoid and Mongoloid admixture had occurred only recently (Ginzburg and Trofimova, 1972, pp. 119,125,129,132)."
"The distinct Mongoloid admixture found in the early Saka population in the lower Syr Darya River area seems to be strong evidence of eastern genetic ties. Moreover, archaeological evidence also confirms cultural contacts with the eastern
regions. The lower Syr Darya Saka populations shared common cultural and genetic components with the steppe populations of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, and the Southern Siberian steppes dating from the Bronze Age which accounts for the strong contacts during the Early Iron Age."
"People of similar physical appearance as those from the Tumek-Kichijik Cemetery formed the basis of the Bronze Age population who occupied the lower Volga River and southern Ural steppe areas. The second craniological variation is characteristic of the cemeteries of the Sakar-Chaga highland. These skulls are mesobrachiocephalic with moderately broad and relatively high faces. Some skulls are marked by flatness of their facial bones, exhibiting typical Mongoloid racial features. Skeletal material found in the contemporaneous Uigarak Cemetery is of a similar type. It is noteworthy that skeletal remains from the population groups dating to the Late Bronze Age and occupying areas of Southern Siberia and the Altai Mountains carried similar physical traits."
"In physical appearance the Saka population of the Tien Shan and the Altai Mountains were not homogeneous (data summary: Ginzburg and Trofimova, 1972). In general, the Saka of the Tien Shan Mountains belong to the brachycephalic Europoids with a slight Mongoloid admixture found primarily among the females. The Saka of the western Altai Mountain range, northeast of the Pamir Mountains and south of the Tien Shan Mountains, had narrower crania and relatively small facial bones. They were more representative of the Europoid race with only a small Mongoloid admixture. The anthropological base of the Tien Shan Saka populations appears to have descended from Bronze Age steppe tribes originally from Kazakhstan and Southern Siberia, while, in contrast, the cranial variation of the Altai population is similar to that which is characteristic of contemporary Semirechiye tribes. In the eastern Pamir Mountains, the homogeneous Saka population were dolichocephalic Europoids with narrow and very high faces. Little doubt remains about the origin of the Pamir Saka. According to V. Ginzburg, they were carriers of the Mediterranean complex of cranial traits. The distinct physical differences between these tribes, and their contemporary neighbors occupying the Semirechiye and regions to the north, testify to the biological, but not cultural, isolation of the Pamir Saka."
Jeannine Davis-Kimball (Editor), Vladimir A. Bashilov (Editor), Leonid T. Yablonsky: Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age - Berkley, 1995
Originally Posted by Fire Haired
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