Upper Palaeolithic Mediterranean 1. Great size of brain case. Brain size variable, but usually moderate. 2. Mean skull length about Mean skull length between 183-193 mm. 198 mm. in males. in males. 3. Vault height variable, Absolute vault height has the same range usually moderate. in absolute dimensions, or higher, but usually higher in relation to other diameters. Within the Mediterranean-Galley Hill group, differences of vault height serve as diagnostics of race or sub-race. 4. Head form variable. Local Same. means 70-72 in some cases, 74-75 in others. 5. Strong tendency to Tendency to brachycephaly not become brachycephalic, manifested by advent of Neolithic in areas manifest in some local yet known. branches 6. Thick vault, heavy relief Vault medium to thin, muscular relief on vault of muscle attachments. as a rule slight. 7. Browridges and Browridges and nuchal lines variable, medium development of nuchal to weak. lines on occiput strong. 8. Face variable in length, Same, but some notably long-faced exceptions. frequently short. 9. Face very broad, Face usually narrow, 127-133 mm., zygomatic bizygomatic diameter arches weak and laterally compressed. over 140 mm. in males. Zygomatic arches greatly bowed. 10. Orbits very wide and low. Orbits of moderate proportions. 11. Distance between orbits Distance between orbits slight. great. 12. Nasal skeleton prominent. Nasal skeleton prominent in some types, but not in all. 13. Sub-nasal segment of face Sub-nasal segment of face height relatively height relatively great. slight. 14. Mandible thick, heavy, with Mandible variable; usually light, of small great symphysial height, symphysial height, and narrow in both wide bicondylar and bigonial lateral diameters, chin moderate or diameters; prominent, often pointed. In some types, however, the bilateral chin. mandible approaches the Upper Palaeolithic form in height, but not in breadth. 15. Stature variable, but most Stature variable, but most characteristically characteristically tall, mean short, types vary from 159 to 172 cm. in probably about 172 cm. means. 16. Bodily build usually robust, Bodily build usually linear, hands and feet shoulders very broad, chests smaller, weight probably less. voluminous, hands and feet large.