MfA_
11-13-2013, 04:49 PM
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Abstract—An analysis of the variability of the nucleotide sequences in the mitochondrial genome of modern humans, neanderthals, Denisovans, and other primates has shown that there are shared polymorphisms at positions 2758 and 7146 between modern Homo sapiens (in phylogenetic cluster L2'3'4'5'6) and Homo neanderthalensis (in the group of European neanderthals younger than 48 000 years).It is suggested that the convergence may be due to adaptive changes in the mitochondrial genomes of modern humans and neanderthals or interspecific hybridization associated with mtDNA recombination.
The analysis carried out showed the absence of mtDNA sites restricted by pairs of the SNP variants, the occurrence of which could be due to the recombination of mtDNA molecules. However, the phylogenetic analysis shows that, in mtDNA of phylogenetic groups of sapiens and Neanderthals, there is a common couple of SNP variants at positions 2758 and 7146 (figure). This pair of SNPs is characteristic of all European Neanderthals (Spain, Germany, Croatia) and H. sapiens related to the macrohaplogroup L2'3'4'5'6, which includes all of Eurasian and some African lines of mtDNA. The age of this haplogroup is assessed to be 137 000–153 000 year Thus, if one adheres to the hybrid theory, the appearance of this combination of SNP variants in European Neanderthals could be due to the hybridization between female individuals of Neanderthals and male sapiens, which occurred after the appearance of CroMagnons in Europe (40000–50 000 years ago). The results of recent genome research showed that one of the last episodes of interspecific hybridization could occur in Europe, most probably, in the range from 47 000–65000 years ago.
Therefore, it is likely that the convergence of the A415T amino acid variant of cytochromeсoxidase 1 in the mtDNA phylogenetic groups of modern humans and Neanderthals may have arisen as a result of adaptation to the changing conditions of the environment.
In summary, it should be noted that the question of whether the convergence of polymorphism variants in the coding region of mtDNA of modern humans and Neanderthals is a consequence of adaptive changes in their mitochondrial genomes or interspecific hybridization associated with mtDNA recombination remains open.
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/897/art%253A10.1134%252FS1022795413080115.pdf?auth66=1 384533610_5bd4342eefab3e5934b1cdf4a235e984&ext=.pdf
Abstract—An analysis of the variability of the nucleotide sequences in the mitochondrial genome of modern humans, neanderthals, Denisovans, and other primates has shown that there are shared polymorphisms at positions 2758 and 7146 between modern Homo sapiens (in phylogenetic cluster L2'3'4'5'6) and Homo neanderthalensis (in the group of European neanderthals younger than 48 000 years).It is suggested that the convergence may be due to adaptive changes in the mitochondrial genomes of modern humans and neanderthals or interspecific hybridization associated with mtDNA recombination.
The analysis carried out showed the absence of mtDNA sites restricted by pairs of the SNP variants, the occurrence of which could be due to the recombination of mtDNA molecules. However, the phylogenetic analysis shows that, in mtDNA of phylogenetic groups of sapiens and Neanderthals, there is a common couple of SNP variants at positions 2758 and 7146 (figure). This pair of SNPs is characteristic of all European Neanderthals (Spain, Germany, Croatia) and H. sapiens related to the macrohaplogroup L2'3'4'5'6, which includes all of Eurasian and some African lines of mtDNA. The age of this haplogroup is assessed to be 137 000–153 000 year Thus, if one adheres to the hybrid theory, the appearance of this combination of SNP variants in European Neanderthals could be due to the hybridization between female individuals of Neanderthals and male sapiens, which occurred after the appearance of CroMagnons in Europe (40000–50 000 years ago). The results of recent genome research showed that one of the last episodes of interspecific hybridization could occur in Europe, most probably, in the range from 47 000–65000 years ago.
Therefore, it is likely that the convergence of the A415T amino acid variant of cytochromeсoxidase 1 in the mtDNA phylogenetic groups of modern humans and Neanderthals may have arisen as a result of adaptation to the changing conditions of the environment.
In summary, it should be noted that the question of whether the convergence of polymorphism variants in the coding region of mtDNA of modern humans and Neanderthals is a consequence of adaptive changes in their mitochondrial genomes or interspecific hybridization associated with mtDNA recombination remains open.
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/897/art%253A10.1134%252FS1022795413080115.pdf?auth66=1 384533610_5bd4342eefab3e5934b1cdf4a235e984&ext=.pdf