Fire Haired
04-26-2014, 02:34 AM
My uncle's skin during the winter.
http://www.theapricity.com/forum/attachment.php?attachmentid=46609&d=1398479700
Reconstruction of 7940-7690 year old Mesolithic Iberian hunter gatherer La Brana-1.
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ-t5d7Wc9phKQQwe_o5Za1t3s3V5aukYkFOLljvYCztw4h3qrNhA
Many people online and multiple ancient DNA studies have been debating on what skin color Mesolithic Europeans had if they did not have multiple mutations associated with light skin in modern Europeans. I think I may have just found the answer. I have posted before that even though i am north-west European(and ~6% Puerto Rican) there are quite a few dark skinned people in my family. They are not just good at tanning they were born with brown skin(baby pictures to prove it) even during the winter they are brown. Most are on the side with Puerto Rican blood(which is also darker haired and eyed), but i really doubt it's from native American or Sub Saharan ancestry which combined only reaches about 8% in my parents generation, and my uncle has very brown skin
Below are all of the SNPs associated with pigmentation that were tested for Loschbour, Motala12, and Stuttgart in Laz 2014 and a list of SNPs associated with pigmentation tested for La Brana-1 in Olalde 2014, compared with my brown skinned uncle who was tested with 23andme.
The percentages for Africa, Asia, and Europe are actually the percentages of whatever allele La Brana-1 has. If La Brana-1 had C/C alleles, it shows the percentage of Europeans(north-western European Americans), Africans, and Asians who have C/A or C/C. If La Brana-1 has T/C alleles in a SNP, it would show what percentage Africans, Europeans, and Asians have of whatever the derived allele is, so in that situation possibly T/T and T/C.
I inbolded very important light skin mutations my uncle and at least 2/3 of the Mesolithic Europeans are missing. Nearly 100% of modern Europeans and west Asians have A/A alleles in SNP rs1426654 (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snpedia.com%2Findex.php%2FRs1 426654&ei=SxpbU7aNO5auyATQuYCwBA&usg=AFQjCNHurAnyE8WkD42fGmMOlId48rWRiQ&sig2=GZ4lQTcrgDwm7G9M-DSR0w&bvm=bv.65397613,d.aWw) and my uncle has alleles A/G, G/G alleles in SNP rs16891982 (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snpedia.com%2Findex.php%2FRs1 6891982&ei=XxpbU-iNOsifyAS4woIo&usg=AFQjCNEY1kYptZtGIFyIBn_oGSmh2g6Mfg&sig2=hx3HGKnqiw6JBqDo5Vb-ew&bvm=bv.65397613,d.aWw) is nearly fixated in modern Europeans and my uncle has alleles C/G, and A/A alleles in SNP rs28777 (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsnpedia.com%2Findex.php%2FRs28777&ei=bhpbU5CjLsyRyAS324KwCg&usg=AFQjCNFL23GlRsseBUcu9Gj-zMqbVQDwlw&sig2=w7-tmopQF3MtGuuMrjtUfQ&bvm=bv.65397613,d.aWw) is close to 100% in modern Europeans and my uncle has C/A alleles(like Loschbour).
There are also many minor SNPs associated with skin color in which my uncle has at least one ancestral dark skin allele as did the three Mesolithic Europeans if tested. List:rs1042602 (http://snpedia.com/index.php/Rs1042602) A/C(in gene TYR), rs1393350 (http://snpedia.com/index.php/Rs1393350) G/G(in gene TYR), rs683 A/C(in gene TYRP1), rs1408799 (http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Rs1408799) T/C(in gene TYRP1), and rs4959270 (http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Rs4959270) A/C(in gene EXO2, only La Brana-1 had ancestral dark skin alleles).
It can't just be random that probably less than 1% of modern Europeans have the alleles my uncle does in SNPs associated with skin color and my uncle has brown skin. My generation is lighter skinned(because of the other side of the family) but there are some who have somewhat dark skin, i wonder if they are missing a few of the light skin mutations that my uncle is missing.
If it is not because of my uncle's Puerto Rican ancestry(which gives him ~8% Native American+African ancestry), i would say it is from his Mesolithic European ancestory(probably 40-50% or even more) or he is just unique. I think it is likely that his dark skin is a trait of Mesolithic Europeans which is close to non-existent in modern Europeans because of natural selection.
Olalde 2014, stated that La Brana-1's skin color is unknown because it is unknown how someone with a high amount of European-specific ancestry(WHG) skin color would be affected by not having multiple mutations associated with European light skin and are fixated in modern Europeans. They also made it clear that known light skin mutations can't explain the variation of skin color in west Eurasia today, and that the best guess is that La Brana-1 had dark skin but an unknown tone.
My uncle scored 30% WHG( Puerto Rican ancestry lower's it significantly) in Eurogene's EEF-WHG-ANE calculator but still he has a significant amount of Mesolithic European ancestry, definitely over 40% in total. There are probably others, but he is about as close as we can get to see what skin color Mesolithic Europeans had. If he gets his dark skin from his Mesolithic European ancestors, i think their skin was a little darker than his, so dark brown kind of like Native Americans and south Asians.
There are also some major differences between my uncle's alleles and Mesolithic European's alleles. Noticeable he has brown eyes, and a red hair mutation(very popular on both sides), and C/C alleles in SNP rs12203592(in gene IRF4) unlike Loschbour(T/T), Motala12(T/T), and La Brana-1(T/C). This mutations is associated with sensitivity to sun exposure, blue eyes, and brown hair, and is very rare in modern Europeans and absent in Africans and east Asians.
<tbody>
SNP
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
rs1800414
OCA2
T
C
T/T
?
T(3x)
?
?
100
41
100<t< td=""></t<>
rs1800407
OCA2
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(12x)
C/C()1x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
rs1545397
OCA2
A
T
?
A/A
A(1x)
?
A/A
97<a< td=""></a<>
8<a< td=""></a<>
92<z< td=""></z<>
rs4424881
APBA2
T
C
?
?
TC(1x,4x)
?
?
10<c< td=""></c<>
45<c< td=""></c<>
87<c< td=""></c<>
rs6119471
ASIP
G
C
?
C/C
C(3x)
C/C (3x)
C/C
36<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
rs2378249
ASIP/PIGU
A
G
A/A
A/A
A(6x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
86<a< td=""></a<>
85<a< td=""></a<>
88<a< td=""></a<>
rs4911442
ASIP
A
G
A/A
?
A(1x)
?
?
100<a< td=""></a<>
100<a< td=""></a<>
91<a< td=""></a<>
rs1042602
TYR
C
A
A/C
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (3x)
C/A
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
63<c< td=""></c<>
rs1126809
TYR
G
A
?
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
75<g< td=""></g<>
rs1393350
TYR
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(6x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
rs10831496
GRM5
G
A
?
?
G(2x)
?
?
80<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
31<g< td=""></g<>
rs683
TYRP1
A
C
A/C
A/A
A(1x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
13<a< td=""></a<>
1<a< td=""></a<>
63<a< td=""></a<>
rs2733831
TYRP1
A
G
?
?
G(3x)
?
?
6<g< td=""></g<>
1<g< td=""></g<>
60<g< td=""></g<>
rs1408799
TYRP1
T
C
T/C
?
C(1x)
?
?
22<c< td=""></c<>
1<c< td=""></c<>
66<c< td=""></c<>
rs1407995
DCT
T
C
C/C
?
C(1x)
?
?
82<c< td=""></c<>
24<c< td=""></c<>
82<c< td=""></c<>
rs12203592
IRF4
C
T
C/C
T/T
CT(1x,2x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
1<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
11<t< td=""></t<>
rs12821256
KITLG
T
C
T/T
T/T
T(8x)
T/T (3x)
T/T
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
86<t< td=""></t<>
rs642742
KITLG
T
C
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
rs28777
SLC45A2
C
A
C/A
C/A
C(8x)
A/A (4x)
C/C
80<c< td=""></c<>
88<c< td=""></c<>
2<c< td=""></c<>
rs35395
SLC45A2
T
C
?
?
T(1x
?
?
76<t< td=""></t<>
88<t< td=""></t<>
2<t< td=""></t<>
rs2402130
SLC45A2
G
A
A/A
G/A
GA(2x,4x)
A/A (1x)
G/G
41<a< td=""></a<>
93<a< td=""></a<>
77<a< td=""></a<>
rs12896399
SLC45A2
G
T
G/T
G/G
?
?
T/T
?
?
?
rs2470102
SLC45A2
G
A
?
G/G
G(8x)
A/A(5x)
A/A
92<g< td=""></g<>
75<g< td=""></g<>
1<g< td=""></g<>
rs4959270
EXOC2
C
A
A/C
A/A
C(7x)
A/A (1x)
C/C
81<c< td=""></c<>
66<c< td=""></c<>
53<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805009
MC1R
G
C
G/G
G/G
G(5x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
rs2228479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(11x)
G/G (4x
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
93<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
N29insA
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(10x)
C/C(5x)
C/C
?
?
?
rs11547464
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(7x
?
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(6x)
G/G (3x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805008
MC1R
C
T
C/T
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (2x)
C/C
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
93<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805005
MC1R
G
T
G/G
G/G
G(12x)
G/G (6x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
89<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805006
MC1R
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(11x)
C/C (6x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
99<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805007
MC1R
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(8x)
?
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
Y152OCH
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(7x)
?
C/C
?
?
?
rs1110400
MC1R
T
C
T/T
C/C
T(8x)
?
C/C
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
rs12913832
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
A/G
G/G
G(3x)
G/G (1x)
A/A
4<g< td=""></g<>
0<g< td=""></g<>
71<g< td=""></g<>
rs3935591
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
?
C/C
C(9x)
T/C (7x)
C/C
21<c< td=""></c<>
27<c< td=""></c<>
82<c< td=""></c<>
rs2240203
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (5x)
T/T
36<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs4778241
OCA2-HERC2
A
C
A/C
C/C
C(7x)
C/C (5x)
A/C
40<c< td=""></c<>
23<c< td=""></c<>
78<c< td=""></c<>
rs1129038
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
C/T
T/T
T(5x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
4<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
71<t< td=""></t<>
rs12593929
OCA2-HERC2
G
A
?
A/A
A(7x)
A/A (2x)
A/A
37<a< td=""></a<>
58<a< td=""></a<>
97<a< td=""></a<>
rs7183877
OCA2-HERC2
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(1x)
?
C/C
92<c< td=""></c<>
70<c< td=""></c<>
90<c< td=""></c<>
rs7170852
OCA2-HERC2
T
A
?
A/A
A(9x)
A/A (7x)
A/A
20<a< td=""></a<>
27<a< td=""></a<>
81<a< td=""></a<>
rs2238289
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
A/A
A(3x)
A/A (3x)
A/A
32<a< td=""></a<>
29<a< td=""></a<>
84<a< td=""></a<>
rs3940272
OCA2-HERC2
T
G
?
G/G
G(1x)
?
?
21<g< td=""></g<>
27<g< td=""></g<>
81<g< td=""></g<>
rs8028689
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (2x)
T/T
59<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs11631797
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
G/G
G(4x)
?
G/G
18<g< td=""></g<>
26<g< td=""></g<>
80<g< td=""></g<>
rs916977
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
C/T
C/C
C(9x
C/C (2x)
C/C
10<c< td=""></c<>
26<c< td=""></c<>
81<c< td=""></c<>
8-plex SNPs
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La Brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
rs1291382
HERC2
?
?
?
G/G
?
G/G (1x)
A/A
?
?
?
rs1545397
OCA2
A
T
?
A/A
A(1x)
?
A/A
97<a< td=""></a<>
8<a< td=""></a<>
92<a< td=""></a<>
rs16891982
SLC45A2
C
G
C/G
C/C
CC(6x)
?
C/C
?
?
96<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
rs1426654
SLC24A5
G
A
A/G
G/G
G/G(3x)
A/A (3x)
A/A
?
?
100<a< td=""></a<>
rs12896399
SLC45A2
G
T
G/T
G/G
?
?
T/T
?
?
?
rs6119471
ASIP
G
C
?
C/C
C(3x)
C/C (3x)
C/C
36<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
rs12203592
IRF4
C
T
C/C
T/T
CT(1x,2x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
1<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
11<t< td=""></t<>
Hirisplex SNPs
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La Brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
N29insA
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(10x)
C/C(5x)
C/C
?
?
?
rs11547464
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(7x
?
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805008
MC1R
C
T
C/T
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (2x)
C/C
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
93<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805005
MC1R
G
T
G/G
G/G
G(12x)
G/G (6x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
89<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805006
MC1R
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(11x)
C/C (6x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
99<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805007
MC1R
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(8x)
?
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805009
MC1R
G
C
G/G
G/G
G(5x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
Y152OCH
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(7x)
?
C/C
?
?
?
rs2228479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(11x)
G/G (4x
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
93<g< td=""></g<>
rs1110400
MC1R
T
C
T/T
C/C
T(8x)
?
C/C
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
rs28777
SLC45A2
C
A
C/A
C/A
C(8x)
A/A (4x)
C/C
80<c< td=""></c<>
88<c< td=""></c<>
2<c< td=""></c<>
rs16891982
SLC45A2
C
G
C/G
C/C
CC(6x)
?
C/C
?
?
96<g< td=""></g<>
rs12821256
KITLG
T
C
T/T
T/T
T(8x)
T/T (3x)
T/T
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
86<t< td=""></t<>
rs12821256
KITLG
T
C
T/T
T/T
T(8x)
T/T (3x)
T/T
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
86<t< td=""></t<>
rs4959270
EXOC2
C
A
A/C
A/A
C(7x)
A/A (1x)
C/C
81<c< td=""></c<>
66<c< td=""></c<>
53<c< td=""></c<>
rs12203592
IRF4
C
T
C/C
T/T
CT(1x,2x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
1<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
11<t< td=""></t<>
rs1042602
TYR
C
A
A/C
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (3x)
C/A
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
63<c< td=""></c<>
rs1800407
OCA2
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(12x)
C/C()1x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
rs2402130
SLC45A2
G
A
A/A
G/A
GA(2x,4x)
A/A (1x)
G/G
41<a< td=""></a<>
93<a< td=""></a<>
77<a< td=""></a<>
rs12913832
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
A/G
G/G
G(3x)
G/G (1x)
A/A
4<g< td=""></g<>
0<g< td=""></g<>
71<g< td=""></g<>
rs2378249
ASIP/PIGU
A
G
A/A
A/A
A(6x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
86<a< td=""></a<>
85<a< td=""></a<>
88<a< td=""></a<>
rs12896399
SLC45A2
G
T
G/T
G/G
?
?
T/T
?
?
?
rs1393350
TYR
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(6x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
rs683
TYRP1
A
C
A/C
A/A
A(1x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
13<a< td=""></a<>
1<a< td=""></a<>
63<a< td=""></a<>
Haplotype
Blue eye allele
SNP
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La Brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
BEH1
A
rs4778138
OCA2-HERC2
?
?
A/G
A/A
?
A/A (3x)
A/G
?
?
BEH1
C
rs4778241
OCA2-HERC2
A
C
A/C
C/C
C(7x)
C/C (5x)
A/C
40<c< td=""></c<>
23<c< td=""></c<>
78<c< td=""></c<>
BEH1
A
rs7495174
OCA2-HERC2
?
?
A/G
A/A
?
A/A (1x)
A/A
?
?
?
BEH2
T
rs1129038
OCA2-HERC2
?
?
C/T
T/T
?
T/T (3x)
C/C
?
?
?
BEH2
G
rs1291382
HERC2
?
?
?
G/G
?
G/G (1x)
A/A
?
?
?
BEH2
C
rs916977
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
C/T
C/C
C(9x
C/C (2x)
C/C
10<c< td=""></c<>
26<c< td=""></c<>
81<c< td=""></c<>
BEH2
T
rs1667394
?
?
?
C/T
T/T
?
T/T (4x)
T/T
?
?
?
SNP
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
rs4778241
OCA2-HERC2
A
C
A/C
C/C
C(7x)
C/C (5x)
A/C
40<c< td=""></c<>
23<c< td=""></c<>
78<c< td=""></c<>
rs1129038
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
C/T
T/T
T(5x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
4<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
71<t< td=""></t<>
rs12593929
OCA2-HERC2
G
A
?
A/A
A(7x)
A/A (2x)
A/A
37<a< td=""></a<>
58<a< td=""></a<>
97<a< td=""></a<>
rs12913832
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
A/G
G/G
G(3x)
G/G (1x)
A/A
4<g< td=""></g<>
0<g< td=""></g<>
71<g< td=""></g<>
rs7183877
OCA2-HERC2
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(1x)
?
C/C
92<c< td=""></c<>
70<c< td=""></c<>
90<c< td=""></c<>
rs3935591
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
?
C/C
C(9x)
T/C (7x)
C/C
21<c< td=""></c<>
27<c< td=""></c<>
82<c< td=""></c<>
rs7170852
OCA2-HERC2
T
A
?
A/A
A(9x)
A/A (7x)
A/A
20<a< td=""></a<>
27<a< td=""></a<>
81<a< td=""></a<>
rs2238289
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
A/A
A(3x)
A/A (3x)
A/A
32<a< td=""></a<>
29<a< td=""></a<>
84<a< td=""></a<>
rs3940272
OCA2-HERC2
T
G
?
G/G
G(1x)
?
?
21<g< td=""></g<>
27<g< td=""></g<>
81<g< td=""></g<>
rs8028689
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (2x)
T/T
59<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs2240203
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (5x)
T/T
36<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs11631797
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
G/G
G(4x)
?
G/G
18<g< td=""></g<>
26<g< td=""></g<>
80<g< td=""></g<>
rs916977
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
C/T
C/C
C(9x
C/C (2x)
C/C
10<c< td=""></c<>
26<c< td=""></c<>
81<c< td=""></c<>
Haplotype
h1
h1
</tbody>
http://www.theapricity.com/forum/attachment.php?attachmentid=46609&d=1398479700
Reconstruction of 7940-7690 year old Mesolithic Iberian hunter gatherer La Brana-1.
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ-t5d7Wc9phKQQwe_o5Za1t3s3V5aukYkFOLljvYCztw4h3qrNhA
Many people online and multiple ancient DNA studies have been debating on what skin color Mesolithic Europeans had if they did not have multiple mutations associated with light skin in modern Europeans. I think I may have just found the answer. I have posted before that even though i am north-west European(and ~6% Puerto Rican) there are quite a few dark skinned people in my family. They are not just good at tanning they were born with brown skin(baby pictures to prove it) even during the winter they are brown. Most are on the side with Puerto Rican blood(which is also darker haired and eyed), but i really doubt it's from native American or Sub Saharan ancestry which combined only reaches about 8% in my parents generation, and my uncle has very brown skin
Below are all of the SNPs associated with pigmentation that were tested for Loschbour, Motala12, and Stuttgart in Laz 2014 and a list of SNPs associated with pigmentation tested for La Brana-1 in Olalde 2014, compared with my brown skinned uncle who was tested with 23andme.
The percentages for Africa, Asia, and Europe are actually the percentages of whatever allele La Brana-1 has. If La Brana-1 had C/C alleles, it shows the percentage of Europeans(north-western European Americans), Africans, and Asians who have C/A or C/C. If La Brana-1 has T/C alleles in a SNP, it would show what percentage Africans, Europeans, and Asians have of whatever the derived allele is, so in that situation possibly T/T and T/C.
I inbolded very important light skin mutations my uncle and at least 2/3 of the Mesolithic Europeans are missing. Nearly 100% of modern Europeans and west Asians have A/A alleles in SNP rs1426654 (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snpedia.com%2Findex.php%2FRs1 426654&ei=SxpbU7aNO5auyATQuYCwBA&usg=AFQjCNHurAnyE8WkD42fGmMOlId48rWRiQ&sig2=GZ4lQTcrgDwm7G9M-DSR0w&bvm=bv.65397613,d.aWw) and my uncle has alleles A/G, G/G alleles in SNP rs16891982 (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snpedia.com%2Findex.php%2FRs1 6891982&ei=XxpbU-iNOsifyAS4woIo&usg=AFQjCNEY1kYptZtGIFyIBn_oGSmh2g6Mfg&sig2=hx3HGKnqiw6JBqDo5Vb-ew&bvm=bv.65397613,d.aWw) is nearly fixated in modern Europeans and my uncle has alleles C/G, and A/A alleles in SNP rs28777 (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsnpedia.com%2Findex.php%2FRs28777&ei=bhpbU5CjLsyRyAS324KwCg&usg=AFQjCNFL23GlRsseBUcu9Gj-zMqbVQDwlw&sig2=w7-tmopQF3MtGuuMrjtUfQ&bvm=bv.65397613,d.aWw) is close to 100% in modern Europeans and my uncle has C/A alleles(like Loschbour).
There are also many minor SNPs associated with skin color in which my uncle has at least one ancestral dark skin allele as did the three Mesolithic Europeans if tested. List:rs1042602 (http://snpedia.com/index.php/Rs1042602) A/C(in gene TYR), rs1393350 (http://snpedia.com/index.php/Rs1393350) G/G(in gene TYR), rs683 A/C(in gene TYRP1), rs1408799 (http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Rs1408799) T/C(in gene TYRP1), and rs4959270 (http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Rs4959270) A/C(in gene EXO2, only La Brana-1 had ancestral dark skin alleles).
It can't just be random that probably less than 1% of modern Europeans have the alleles my uncle does in SNPs associated with skin color and my uncle has brown skin. My generation is lighter skinned(because of the other side of the family) but there are some who have somewhat dark skin, i wonder if they are missing a few of the light skin mutations that my uncle is missing.
If it is not because of my uncle's Puerto Rican ancestry(which gives him ~8% Native American+African ancestry), i would say it is from his Mesolithic European ancestory(probably 40-50% or even more) or he is just unique. I think it is likely that his dark skin is a trait of Mesolithic Europeans which is close to non-existent in modern Europeans because of natural selection.
Olalde 2014, stated that La Brana-1's skin color is unknown because it is unknown how someone with a high amount of European-specific ancestry(WHG) skin color would be affected by not having multiple mutations associated with European light skin and are fixated in modern Europeans. They also made it clear that known light skin mutations can't explain the variation of skin color in west Eurasia today, and that the best guess is that La Brana-1 had dark skin but an unknown tone.
My uncle scored 30% WHG( Puerto Rican ancestry lower's it significantly) in Eurogene's EEF-WHG-ANE calculator but still he has a significant amount of Mesolithic European ancestry, definitely over 40% in total. There are probably others, but he is about as close as we can get to see what skin color Mesolithic Europeans had. If he gets his dark skin from his Mesolithic European ancestors, i think their skin was a little darker than his, so dark brown kind of like Native Americans and south Asians.
There are also some major differences between my uncle's alleles and Mesolithic European's alleles. Noticeable he has brown eyes, and a red hair mutation(very popular on both sides), and C/C alleles in SNP rs12203592(in gene IRF4) unlike Loschbour(T/T), Motala12(T/T), and La Brana-1(T/C). This mutations is associated with sensitivity to sun exposure, blue eyes, and brown hair, and is very rare in modern Europeans and absent in Africans and east Asians.
<tbody>
SNP
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
rs1800414
OCA2
T
C
T/T
?
T(3x)
?
?
100
41
100<t< td=""></t<>
rs1800407
OCA2
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(12x)
C/C()1x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
rs1545397
OCA2
A
T
?
A/A
A(1x)
?
A/A
97<a< td=""></a<>
8<a< td=""></a<>
92<z< td=""></z<>
rs4424881
APBA2
T
C
?
?
TC(1x,4x)
?
?
10<c< td=""></c<>
45<c< td=""></c<>
87<c< td=""></c<>
rs6119471
ASIP
G
C
?
C/C
C(3x)
C/C (3x)
C/C
36<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
rs2378249
ASIP/PIGU
A
G
A/A
A/A
A(6x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
86<a< td=""></a<>
85<a< td=""></a<>
88<a< td=""></a<>
rs4911442
ASIP
A
G
A/A
?
A(1x)
?
?
100<a< td=""></a<>
100<a< td=""></a<>
91<a< td=""></a<>
rs1042602
TYR
C
A
A/C
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (3x)
C/A
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
63<c< td=""></c<>
rs1126809
TYR
G
A
?
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
75<g< td=""></g<>
rs1393350
TYR
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(6x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
rs10831496
GRM5
G
A
?
?
G(2x)
?
?
80<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
31<g< td=""></g<>
rs683
TYRP1
A
C
A/C
A/A
A(1x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
13<a< td=""></a<>
1<a< td=""></a<>
63<a< td=""></a<>
rs2733831
TYRP1
A
G
?
?
G(3x)
?
?
6<g< td=""></g<>
1<g< td=""></g<>
60<g< td=""></g<>
rs1408799
TYRP1
T
C
T/C
?
C(1x)
?
?
22<c< td=""></c<>
1<c< td=""></c<>
66<c< td=""></c<>
rs1407995
DCT
T
C
C/C
?
C(1x)
?
?
82<c< td=""></c<>
24<c< td=""></c<>
82<c< td=""></c<>
rs12203592
IRF4
C
T
C/C
T/T
CT(1x,2x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
1<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
11<t< td=""></t<>
rs12821256
KITLG
T
C
T/T
T/T
T(8x)
T/T (3x)
T/T
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
86<t< td=""></t<>
rs642742
KITLG
T
C
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
rs28777
SLC45A2
C
A
C/A
C/A
C(8x)
A/A (4x)
C/C
80<c< td=""></c<>
88<c< td=""></c<>
2<c< td=""></c<>
rs35395
SLC45A2
T
C
?
?
T(1x
?
?
76<t< td=""></t<>
88<t< td=""></t<>
2<t< td=""></t<>
rs2402130
SLC45A2
G
A
A/A
G/A
GA(2x,4x)
A/A (1x)
G/G
41<a< td=""></a<>
93<a< td=""></a<>
77<a< td=""></a<>
rs12896399
SLC45A2
G
T
G/T
G/G
?
?
T/T
?
?
?
rs2470102
SLC45A2
G
A
?
G/G
G(8x)
A/A(5x)
A/A
92<g< td=""></g<>
75<g< td=""></g<>
1<g< td=""></g<>
rs4959270
EXOC2
C
A
A/C
A/A
C(7x)
A/A (1x)
C/C
81<c< td=""></c<>
66<c< td=""></c<>
53<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805009
MC1R
G
C
G/G
G/G
G(5x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
rs2228479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(11x)
G/G (4x
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
93<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
N29insA
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(10x)
C/C(5x)
C/C
?
?
?
rs11547464
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(7x
?
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(6x)
G/G (3x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805008
MC1R
C
T
C/T
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (2x)
C/C
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
93<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805005
MC1R
G
T
G/G
G/G
G(12x)
G/G (6x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
89<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805006
MC1R
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(11x)
C/C (6x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
99<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805007
MC1R
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(8x)
?
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
Y152OCH
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(7x)
?
C/C
?
?
?
rs1110400
MC1R
T
C
T/T
C/C
T(8x)
?
C/C
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
rs12913832
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
A/G
G/G
G(3x)
G/G (1x)
A/A
4<g< td=""></g<>
0<g< td=""></g<>
71<g< td=""></g<>
rs3935591
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
?
C/C
C(9x)
T/C (7x)
C/C
21<c< td=""></c<>
27<c< td=""></c<>
82<c< td=""></c<>
rs2240203
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (5x)
T/T
36<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs4778241
OCA2-HERC2
A
C
A/C
C/C
C(7x)
C/C (5x)
A/C
40<c< td=""></c<>
23<c< td=""></c<>
78<c< td=""></c<>
rs1129038
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
C/T
T/T
T(5x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
4<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
71<t< td=""></t<>
rs12593929
OCA2-HERC2
G
A
?
A/A
A(7x)
A/A (2x)
A/A
37<a< td=""></a<>
58<a< td=""></a<>
97<a< td=""></a<>
rs7183877
OCA2-HERC2
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(1x)
?
C/C
92<c< td=""></c<>
70<c< td=""></c<>
90<c< td=""></c<>
rs7170852
OCA2-HERC2
T
A
?
A/A
A(9x)
A/A (7x)
A/A
20<a< td=""></a<>
27<a< td=""></a<>
81<a< td=""></a<>
rs2238289
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
A/A
A(3x)
A/A (3x)
A/A
32<a< td=""></a<>
29<a< td=""></a<>
84<a< td=""></a<>
rs3940272
OCA2-HERC2
T
G
?
G/G
G(1x)
?
?
21<g< td=""></g<>
27<g< td=""></g<>
81<g< td=""></g<>
rs8028689
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (2x)
T/T
59<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs11631797
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
G/G
G(4x)
?
G/G
18<g< td=""></g<>
26<g< td=""></g<>
80<g< td=""></g<>
rs916977
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
C/T
C/C
C(9x
C/C (2x)
C/C
10<c< td=""></c<>
26<c< td=""></c<>
81<c< td=""></c<>
8-plex SNPs
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La Brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
rs1291382
HERC2
?
?
?
G/G
?
G/G (1x)
A/A
?
?
?
rs1545397
OCA2
A
T
?
A/A
A(1x)
?
A/A
97<a< td=""></a<>
8<a< td=""></a<>
92<a< td=""></a<>
rs16891982
SLC45A2
C
G
C/G
C/C
CC(6x)
?
C/C
?
?
96<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
rs1426654
SLC24A5
G
A
A/G
G/G
G/G(3x)
A/A (3x)
A/A
?
?
100<a< td=""></a<>
rs12896399
SLC45A2
G
T
G/T
G/G
?
?
T/T
?
?
?
rs6119471
ASIP
G
C
?
C/C
C(3x)
C/C (3x)
C/C
36<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
rs12203592
IRF4
C
T
C/C
T/T
CT(1x,2x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
1<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
11<t< td=""></t<>
Hirisplex SNPs
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La Brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
N29insA
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(10x)
C/C(5x)
C/C
?
?
?
rs11547464
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(7x
?
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
rs885479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
?
G(6x)
?
?
99<g< td=""></g<>
35<g< td=""></g<>
92<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805008
MC1R
C
T
C/T
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (2x)
C/C
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
93<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805005
MC1R
G
T
G/G
G/G
G(12x)
G/G (6x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
89<g< td=""></g<>
rs1805006
MC1R
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(11x)
C/C (6x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
99<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805007
MC1R
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(8x)
?
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
rs1805009
MC1R
G
C
G/G
G/G
G(5x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
99<g< td=""></g<>
Y152OCH
MC1R
C
A
?
C/C
C(7x)
?
C/C
?
?
?
rs2228479
MC1R
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(11x)
G/G (4x
G/G
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
93<g< td=""></g<>
rs1110400
MC1R
T
C
T/T
C/C
T(8x)
?
C/C
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
rs28777
SLC45A2
C
A
C/A
C/A
C(8x)
A/A (4x)
C/C
80<c< td=""></c<>
88<c< td=""></c<>
2<c< td=""></c<>
rs16891982
SLC45A2
C
G
C/G
C/C
CC(6x)
?
C/C
?
?
96<g< td=""></g<>
rs12821256
KITLG
T
C
T/T
T/T
T(8x)
T/T (3x)
T/T
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
86<t< td=""></t<>
rs12821256
KITLG
T
C
T/T
T/T
T(8x)
T/T (3x)
T/T
100<t< td=""></t<>
100<t< td=""></t<>
86<t< td=""></t<>
rs4959270
EXOC2
C
A
A/C
A/A
C(7x)
A/A (1x)
C/C
81<c< td=""></c<>
66<c< td=""></c<>
53<c< td=""></c<>
rs12203592
IRF4
C
T
C/C
T/T
CT(1x,2x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
1<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
11<t< td=""></t<>
rs1042602
TYR
C
A
A/C
C/C
C(6x)
C/C (3x)
C/A
99<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
63<c< td=""></c<>
rs1800407
OCA2
C
T
C/C
C/C
C(12x)
C/C()1x)
C/C
100<c< td=""></c<>
100<c< td=""></c<>
92<c< td=""></c<>
rs2402130
SLC45A2
G
A
A/A
G/A
GA(2x,4x)
A/A (1x)
G/G
41<a< td=""></a<>
93<a< td=""></a<>
77<a< td=""></a<>
rs12913832
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
A/G
G/G
G(3x)
G/G (1x)
A/A
4<g< td=""></g<>
0<g< td=""></g<>
71<g< td=""></g<>
rs2378249
ASIP/PIGU
A
G
A/A
A/A
A(6x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
86<a< td=""></a<>
85<a< td=""></a<>
88<a< td=""></a<>
rs12896399
SLC45A2
G
T
G/T
G/G
?
?
T/T
?
?
?
rs1393350
TYR
G
A
G/G
G/G
G(6x)
G/G (4x)
G/G
99<g< td=""></g<>
100<g< td=""></g<>
76<g< td=""></g<>
rs683
TYRP1
A
C
A/C
A/A
A(1x)
A/A (1x)
A/A
13<a< td=""></a<>
1<a< td=""></a<>
63<a< td=""></a<>
Haplotype
Blue eye allele
SNP
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La Brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
BEH1
A
rs4778138
OCA2-HERC2
?
?
A/G
A/A
?
A/A (3x)
A/G
?
?
BEH1
C
rs4778241
OCA2-HERC2
A
C
A/C
C/C
C(7x)
C/C (5x)
A/C
40<c< td=""></c<>
23<c< td=""></c<>
78<c< td=""></c<>
BEH1
A
rs7495174
OCA2-HERC2
?
?
A/G
A/A
?
A/A (1x)
A/A
?
?
?
BEH2
T
rs1129038
OCA2-HERC2
?
?
C/T
T/T
?
T/T (3x)
C/C
?
?
?
BEH2
G
rs1291382
HERC2
?
?
?
G/G
?
G/G (1x)
A/A
?
?
?
BEH2
C
rs916977
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
C/T
C/C
C(9x
C/C (2x)
C/C
10<c< td=""></c<>
26<c< td=""></c<>
81<c< td=""></c<>
BEH2
T
rs1667394
?
?
?
C/T
T/T
?
T/T (4x)
T/T
?
?
?
SNP
Gene
Ancestral
Derived
Uncle Aiden
Loschbour
La brana-1
Motala12
Stuttgart
Africa
Asia
Europe
rs4778241
OCA2-HERC2
A
C
A/C
C/C
C(7x)
C/C (5x)
A/C
40<c< td=""></c<>
23<c< td=""></c<>
78<c< td=""></c<>
rs1129038
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
C/T
T/T
T(5x)
T/T (3x)
C/C
4<t< td=""></t<>
0<t< td=""></t<>
71<t< td=""></t<>
rs12593929
OCA2-HERC2
G
A
?
A/A
A(7x)
A/A (2x)
A/A
37<a< td=""></a<>
58<a< td=""></a<>
97<a< td=""></a<>
rs12913832
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
A/G
G/G
G(3x)
G/G (1x)
A/A
4<g< td=""></g<>
0<g< td=""></g<>
71<g< td=""></g<>
rs7183877
OCA2-HERC2
C
A
C/C
C/C
C(1x)
?
C/C
92<c< td=""></c<>
70<c< td=""></c<>
90<c< td=""></c<>
rs3935591
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
?
C/C
C(9x)
T/C (7x)
C/C
21<c< td=""></c<>
27<c< td=""></c<>
82<c< td=""></c<>
rs7170852
OCA2-HERC2
T
A
?
A/A
A(9x)
A/A (7x)
A/A
20<a< td=""></a<>
27<a< td=""></a<>
81<a< td=""></a<>
rs2238289
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
A/A
A(3x)
A/A (3x)
A/A
32<a< td=""></a<>
29<a< td=""></a<>
84<a< td=""></a<>
rs3940272
OCA2-HERC2
T
G
?
G/G
G(1x)
?
?
21<g< td=""></g<>
27<g< td=""></g<>
81<g< td=""></g<>
rs8028689
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (2x)
T/T
59<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs2240203
OCA2-HERC2
C
T
?
T/T
T(3x)
T/T (5x)
T/T
36<t< td=""></t<>
61<t< td=""></t<>
93<t< td=""></t<>
rs11631797
OCA2-HERC2
A
G
?
G/G
G(4x)
?
G/G
18<g< td=""></g<>
26<g< td=""></g<>
80<g< td=""></g<>
rs916977
OCA2-HERC2
T
C
C/T
C/C
C(9x
C/C (2x)
C/C
10<c< td=""></c<>
26<c< td=""></c<>
81<c< td=""></c<>
Haplotype
h1
h1
</tbody>