Ancient Masks of Sardinia

[askra]

In Sardinia is possible to find examples of rituals and costumes that pre-date Christianity, especially in the “zoomorphic” masks that appear in festivals throughout the island, particularly those ones of Barbagia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbagia) (mountain areas of inner Sardinia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia)).

[askra]

Boes are masks from Ottana, province of Nuoro, they represent a ox. They wear sheep pelts with a belt adorned with heavy cowbells across their chests. Their faces are hidden by masks called sa carazza 'e boe which are designed to look like an ox, on the forehead is engraved the symbol of the Flower of Life.




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[askra]

Traditional masks from Neoneli, province of Oristano.




It's a zoomorphic costume constituted by a cap made of cork and horns of Sardinian Deer or Fallow Deer. The shoulder pads are realized with the hedgehog fur, while on the back are attached bones of several animals. The Corriolos follow the sound of a horn arranging in a circle around a fire.


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http://download.kataweb.it/mediaweb/image/brand_lanuovasardegna/2011/02/24/1298564387799_12-lanuova_neoneli.jpg

[askra]

S'urhtu and sos Buttudos are the traditional mask of Fonni, a mountain village located in the historical region of Barbagia, in the Province of Nuoro.
S'Urthu is an animal, it wears billy goats or rams leathers, and it's hold in chains by the Buttudos, that are hooded men in black dresses, with cowbells on the shoulders. The two masks are exhibited during the Saint Antony Fires (traditional bonfires of pagan origin, today assimilated in the christianity). They stage the fight between the good and the evil, the man and the beast, the rationality and the instinct.




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[askra]

Sos Mamutzones are costumes from Samugheo, province of Oristano.


Mamutzones are dressed in black moleskin on top of which they wear a goat skin and goat skin leggings. They wear trinitos and campaneddas around their waists and two pairs of heavy bronze and copper bells on their chests.


Their faces are blackened with burnt cork and hold a club in their hands.


What characterizes su mamutzones from the other costumes from Barbagia is the way they decorate their heads: a goats wool bag is filled with cork su casiddu or more unusually su moju and decorated on the outside in the form of a crown with ox or goat horns at its extremities.






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[askra]

Su Bundu is the carnival mask from Orani, in the province of Nuoro. Su Bundu wears the peasant's cloths, a coat, velvet trousers, leather leggings and a large mask made with cork, constituted of horns a big prominent nose, mustache and goatee.




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[Kalimtari]

Slovenes have this:

http://www.delo.si/assets/media/picture/20100203/Delo_Foto-20100203144737-88941800.jpg?rev=1
http://www.slovenskenovice.si/sites/slovenskenovice.si/files/styles/s_1280_1024/public/dti_import/2013/02/19/image_7731113_2.jpg?itok=589hrHUl
http://saramelanie.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/kurentovanje-2013.jpg

[Kalimtari]

Austrians:

http://www.nockstoaperchten.at/perchten/images/Menu/perchten.jpg
http://d1.stern.de/bilder/stern_5/reise/2014/KW02/salzburg_perchten/salzburg_perchten_01_maxsize_2048_1536.jpg
http://cdn.salzburg.com/nachrichten/uploads/pics/2013-11/orginal/schworzmueh-teifin-eroeffnen-das-treiben-der-perchten-41-49784528.jpg

[askra]

Slovenes have this:



I know, i remember there is a discussion in another thread where are shown the similarities between sardinian and slovenian and other european masks. In many cases also the meaning and the origin of these masks is the same.

[Kalimtari]

Bulgaria:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Kukeri-imagesfrombulgaria.JPG
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Kukeri_razlog.JPG
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Kukeri_E2.jpg

[Kalimtari]

I know, i remember there is a discussion in another thread where are shown the similarities between sardinian and slovenian and other european masks. In many cases also the meaning and the origin of these masks is the same.

maybe they're even older than Indo-Europeans in europe, could be a remnant of prehistoric Megalithic cultures

[Kalimtari]

Germany:

http://www.berchtesgadener-land.com/medien/unterstoana-buttnmandl.jpg
http://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/68/Der_hl__Nikolaus__das_Nikoloweibl_und_die_Buttnman dl.JPG
https://kesselflickerblog.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/buttnmandl-15-2.jpg

[askra]

It's a traditional mask from the town of Laconi (province of Cagliari).


These masks are exhibited the 16th January during the feast of "Sant'Antoni e' Su Fogu" (the feast of Saint Antony and the Fire), an ancient pagan ritual assimilated by the christianity, and also during the Mardi Gras.


The mask has a cylindrical shape and it's made in cork and wool, it has a big nose, crooked teeth and goat horns. The coronagianus wear velvet trousers and a coat of black or white sheep wool called "sa estia 'e pedde", and they hold 15 rattles.








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[askra]

The carnival costume of the Mamuthone is one of the island’s most famous masks and represents a thousand-year-old tradition.


The Mamuthone is covered in a sheepskin and wears a dark wooden mask bearing an imperturbable and fascinating expression. He is weighed down by numerous cowbells on his back which often exceed 30kg.


The Mamuthones make their way through the streets in single file, occasionally jumping in rhythm so their cowbells ring out in an unmistakable and intriguing sound. They are led in procession by the Issohadores, who use long ropes made from rushes to command them. Without the weight of the cowbells the Issohadores are more agile than their prisoners but they accompany them in their slow rhythmical progression through the town.





https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0zAXoGr7bo







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[askra]

The Issohadores are masks from Mamoiada like the previous shown too, they parad together the Mamuthones. The Issohadores typically don white masks, they represent the human beings and their rationality, conversely the Mamuthones wearing fur and black and scary masks represent the instinct, but also the evil (the enemies that came from the sea and harassed sardinian people in the past, the pestilences and the famines). The Issohadores use their lassoes to trap the mamuthones but often also pretty girls in the crowd while out parading. The Issohadores are present to both create a path for and to guide the Mamuthones through the crowd.




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[askra]

These are the traditional carnival masks from the town of Sinnai (province of Cagliari), they evoke the deer hunting.

These masks have pre-roman/pagan origins as great part of traditional sardinian masks.

The Cerbus' mask is realised with the fur and horns of the Sardinian Deer, subspecies of the Red Deer, found only in Sardinia and Corsica, faces of participants are dyed in black, with cork ash.


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[Wild North]

Amazing.

[Maximum Speed]

There is a zombie movie where the hero is a sardinian traditional mask Mamuthone:

Ischidados:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUvdn7KK9q4

[Virtuous]

That's some really cool folklore.

[Empecinado]

Lol, are very similar to the mask used in some Spanish festivals.

Bielsa (Aragon)

http://spd.fotolog.com/photo/29/32/71/seisdoble/1235425734975_f.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8MaIRS0UhwM/Sa8yOP64sRI/AAAAAAAAAH8/Qu44tjK5NBs/s1600/Carnavales%2Bde%2BBielsa%2B2006%2B(5).jpg

La Fresneda (Aragon):

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8xHZ7d7Mx68/TAUrDlhkT5I/AAAAAAAAAEk/0496FlUzHKk/s320/dimonis.jpg

Mumutzurru (Basque country)

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_vlmJ2YhrqMg/TTvmDPb7BAI/AAAAAAAAA68/uFfk9cP7rcI/s400/El_oso_de_la_Vijanera.jpg

[Mens-Sarda]

interesting the Basque mask, Mumutzurru, the name reminds the Mamuthone / Mamutzone, Mamuscone

[Volscian]

Interessante il folklore Sardo

[askra]

There is a zombie movie where the hero is a sardinian traditional mask Mamuthone:

Ischidados:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUvdn7KK9q4

Finally a movie shot in Sardinia that doesn't speak about outlaws , shepherds, sheeps or millionaires on holiday in Costa Smeralda.

[Empecinado]

I forgot this, in Galicia:

http://m.cdn.blog.hu/12/12uvas/skins/orange_dirty_masolat_masolat/febrero/Pobre%20de%20brollo/oso%20de%20salcedo3.jpg


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHBmGiZt2p4

[askra]

It's a carnival mask from the town of Ollolai, in Barbagia.

Su turcu means the "turkish", because this carnival costume looks like the clothes of muslim women, like the burqa, but the real meaning of this costume is totally different; as all sardinian masks, this one has a double nature, it represents the death and the life.

The veil that covers the face represents the veil of death, while the other cloth is the dress used during the baptism.


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[askra]

Literally blanket mask, they are carnival costumes from the town of Aidomaggiore, in province of Oristano. Monday when begins the carnival the costumes are white (the colour used in the cloths during the baptism), while the last day of Carnival are wore black blankets, as in in mourning due to imminent end of the festivity. .

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[Dombra]

Very interesting and cool :chin:

Have the the masks been seen as occult by the church? They sure look the part

[askra]

Very interesting and cool :chin:

Have the the masks been seen as occult by the church? They sure look the part

Yes probably, however the clergy wasn't (fortunately) able to extirpate these traditions, so they were assimilated and tolerated by christianity. Many of these ancient rituals became christian festivities, for examples the pagan fires became fires dedicated to some saints like Saint John or Saint Antony.


This monstrous mask called mamuthone under christianity became the representation of the moors, muslim pirates from north africa who plundered the coastal villages, while formerly represented probably an evil spirit:

http://www.neroargento.com/page_galle/Mamojada%202011/to_keep/mamuthone4p2011.jpg

[Mens-Sarda]

No, but they were assimilated by the christianity. Many of these ancient rituals became christian festivities, for examples the pagan fires became fires dedicated to some saints like Saint John or Saint Antony.


This monstruos mask called mamuthone under christianity became the representation of the moors, muslim pirates from north africa who plundered the coastal villages and that committed many kidnappings and deportation of sardinians in North Africa :http://www.neroargento.com/page_galle/Mamojada%202011/to_keep/mamuthone4p2011.jpg


in the region of Mejlogu in northern Sardinia there is a cave called "su puttu de Mamuscone or sa 'ucca de Mamuscone" (the well of Mamuscone, the mouth of Mamuscone) near the village of Cossoine (Cosseìne), the cave is like a vertical well of about 70 or 80 meters depth; and a legend said that the cave was inhabited by this demon called Mamuscone and that in ancient times it was used to get rid of elderly and not self-sufficient people, can't say if this is true, because nothing has been found in the cave, but there is a traditional saying, swear or curse that says "ancu ti chi 'etten in su puttu de Mamuscone" (may they throw you in the well of Mamuscone)



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[askra]

Sos Thurpos are archaic Barbagia's masks, from the town of Orotelli, involved in propitiatory rites for goddess' help in everyday harshness of life. Thurpos in sardinian language means blind.

Farmers used to worship the pagan divinity Dionysus, also known as Bacchus or Maimone (in Sardinian), so that it could cause rain and keep their harvest safe.

Sos Thurpos still today have the features of a country man.

Their faces are darkened with cork's soot (su thintieddu) and covered under the hood (su cucuttu) of a long black orbace-wool coat (su gabanu). They wear riding breeches (a s'isporta), velvet waistcoat (su corpette) and jacket (sa zacca). Their leather boots are strengthen by big nails (sas bullittas). Leather bootlegs made their apparel even more traditional.

Once the coat is on, thurpos wear a thick leather shoulder strap adorned with cowbells (s'utturada). The cowbells' sound and the black faces represent ritual practices for the benefit of the community and against evil.

Thurpos show the deep connection between the farmer (su massaju or su voinarzu) and animals working the land with him; it is the carnival representation of Sardinia's social and economic tradition.

https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3406/3266457028_8b838f81b5_z.jpg?zz=1

http://www.thurpos.com/Images/MainFoto.JPG

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https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4131/5040924963_9c83a9508d_o.jpg

https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3383/3562427665_828eeb3606_o.jpg

http://www.ambrosiafitness.it/ambrophoto/cavalcata/foto%202010/IMG_4990a.jpg

http://cdn.blogosfere.it/sardegna/images/thurpos-orotelli-carnevale-estivo-2011-5.jpg

https://farm1.staticflickr.com/29/44727313_abfbf27dbc_o.jpg

https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8091/8452894698_930792c47f_b.jpg

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vf1ReQT72io/Uh-MV7FXttI/AAAAAAAAAmM/dubLk2aVaNw/s640/cavalcataSassari+ThurposS%E2%80%99Eritaju++053.jpg

[askra]

The Maskingannas are masks from the town of Busachi (province of Oristano). In Sardinian tradition the maskinganna is a devil who inhabits the forests, infact the mask is constituted by an anthropomorphic goat, that in many cultures represents the personification of Satan.




https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8376/8485669784_7e06882ce3_b.jpg

https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2695/4349479769_06130e0122_b.jpg

https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4013/4349482237_b66527688f_b.jpg

https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8507/8479592591_1ff5c4f471_b.jpg

https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7141/6831172909_5df36fda7e_b.jpg

https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8225/8484404439_7c1de0014f_b.jpg

https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7056/6795751618_aec3a5fc49_b.jpg

https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8381/8483958526_e036d3a3ba_b.jpg

[Wild North]

Some scholars says this is a remnant of European primitivism. These kind of masks one may find in different corners of Europe. Sardinia aside, f.ex also in Bulgaria and Romania.

[askra]

These masks come from the town of Fonni like the Urthos and Buttudos http://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?127392-Ancient-Masks-of-Sardinia&p=2678495&viewfull=1#post2678495. Mascheras Limpias mean clean masks.

http://i.imgur.com/dJ7Zqfb.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/CZojDji.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/avyABRU.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/GIg5Hhr.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/UwMqMlw.jpg[/IMG]
https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7041/6918792797_c753331e8e_b.jpg
https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7353/12753155053_e112e8bc84_b.jpg
https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8389/8453930690_17066804c9_b.jpg
https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8382/8509846821_7694ed1a3a_h.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/fOUFvcW.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/kFMMN3J.jpg

[askra]

Pagan masks from the town of Austis (Province of Nuoro).
These masks are realised with cork, sardinian fox furs, various animals bones and leafs of arbutus.


http://i.imgur.com/mLLDh66.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/EDiyn5K.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/Vk7JnVH.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/RV7wF13.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/Qn5LtBx.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/vnmUbf3.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/muWTcu9.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/f6Iuxdq.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/LOoiaxe.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/5Om0Auq.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/BAMfwJn.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/1zO8Ljv.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/tM7m2eN.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/qp2E7YA.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/vVU8SCp.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/CjgWlvH.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/Zeqtgu0.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/mGJBCa9.jpg
https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5503/10347449175_e52587c87c_b.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/UehLXaR.jpg

[askra]

Mask from the town of Siurgus Donigala. It represents a devil, and it's realised with wild pear wood.

https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3897/14822854733_674f265296_b.jpg

https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3895/14896570766_83b9420168_b.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/gCQ3KUs.jpg

https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7246/7080384511_00880d14f4_b.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/aCdJhSd.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/j2KyVsT.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/tKZMk9S.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/IR14oNh.jpg

https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7056/6958414457_25278d5eac_b.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/veh8dKg.jpg

https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5584/14732998497_d1314dfbc9_b.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/8SWjuOg.jpg

[Enflamme]

Cool !

They look very "Indo-European" or primitive European xD

[Mens-Sarda]

probably they date back to the Nuragic age, at least 2000 years before Christ; while others could also have some link with Greek-Roman mythology and Dionysian rituals; for example, there is a mask who depicts a wild beast called "Urthu or Urtzu" that could be a Sardinian version of the Greek-Roman "Orthus", an infernal two headed dog, brother of "Cerberus"; the Sardinian version is a man covered by furs, who acts like a wild beast, he is usually tied with a long chain held by masked men dressed like sheperds that try to control him


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwbz0y8wb0E