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Ulla
06-21-2014, 01:56 PM
Ancient Romans

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Ancient_Times,_Roman._-_017_-_Costumes_of_All_Nations_%281882%29.JPG

http://static.console-tribe.com/uploads/galleries/2013_07/ryse-son-of-rome-1e4ce64.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oJej7uXztdU/ULhkuqatCBI/AAAAAAAAE60/fGSTYIKdxwk/s1600/Battaglia+romana.jpg

Ulla
06-21-2014, 02:02 PM
Samnite soldiers (Italic people)

http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/8/101/10/101010500_Early_Roman_Armies_06.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Samnite_soldiers_from_a_tomb_frieze_in_Nola_4th_ce ntury_BCE.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Battle_of_the_Caudine_Forks.jpg

Yuffayur
06-21-2014, 02:32 PM
Ancient Romans

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Ancient_Times,_Roman._-_017_-_Costumes_of_All_Nations_%281882%29.JPG

http://static.console-tribe.com/uploads/galleries/2013_07/ryse-son-of-rome-1e4ce64.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oJej7uXztdU/ULhkuqatCBI/AAAAAAAAE60/fGSTYIKdxwk/s1600/Battaglia+romana.jpg


The Roman soldiers were mostly from outside Italy.

Cleitus
06-21-2014, 02:34 PM
The Roman soldiers were mostly from outside Italy.

Yeah its a well known fact that they were Gheg Highlanders.

Ulla
06-21-2014, 02:34 PM
Taurini warrior

http://www.ancient-battles.com/images/warriors/spathari_taurini.jpg

Ulla
06-21-2014, 02:35 PM
Yeah its a well known fact that they were Gheg Highlanders.

Ghegh troll, go back to Ghegland. :)

Ulla
06-21-2014, 02:37 PM
The Roman soldiers were mostly from outside Italy.

During the late stages of Empire, probably. But it's very difficult that they were from outside Italy during the Monarchy and the Repubblican period.

random
06-21-2014, 02:40 PM
The Roman soldiers were mostly from outside Italy.

Not in the early stages of the Roman empire. The Romans did rely on a huge force of auxiliary regiments from newly conquered regions, but still native Latin speaking formed a huge chunk of the Imperial army.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Roman_army#Army_size_and_cost

Ulla
06-21-2014, 02:41 PM
Oscan (Italic people) heavy infantry

http://www.ancient-battles.com/images/warriors/PI_CA_oscan1.jpg

Armand_Duval
06-21-2014, 02:42 PM
Roman legionary – Soldier Profile

http://www.military-history.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Legionary1.jpg


Clothing and Jewellery

Military tunic worn as standard
Leather belt, baldric, and apron straps often with personalised metallic decorations
Scabbard, often with personalised decoration
Hobnailed sandals
Weaponry

Throwing spear with pyramidal head and long metal shank (pilum)
Short, stabbing sword (gladius)
Dagger (pugio)
Armour

Iron helmet with brow-ridge, cheek-pieces, and back-plate for extra protection
Chain-mail tunic with additional shoulder pads
Rectangular, plywood body-shield (scutum) with metal boss and painted regimental insignia
Overview

The Roman Imperial Army was a fully professional force of long-service volunteers, half of them citizen legionaries, half non-citizen auxiliaries. The legionaries formed the heavy infantry.

They were organised into legions of 5,000 men, each subdivided into 10 cohorts, each in turn subdivided into six centuries. The cohort (500 men) was therefore the equivalent of a modern battalion, the century (80 men) that of a modern company.

The legionary, who served for 20 years, was rigorously trained, superbly equipped, and highly motivated by pay, bonuses, a range of perks and facilities, and a strongly developed esprit de corps.

Legionaries wore full body-armour, either a mail-shirt with additional shoulder pads or, increasingly, the new lorica segmentata formed of strips of steel strapped together. The helmet covered the whole of the head except the face and included projecting brow-plate and neck-plate. The scutum, a full-length, curving, rectangular shield formed of layers of plywood, could be used defensively to form a shield wall or a tortoise, or it could be used offensively to punch at opponents and throw them off-balance in close-quarters fighting.

The legionary carried two javelins, a sword, and a dagger. The javelin (pilum) was specially designed as a shield- and armour-piercing weapon, with small pyramid-shaped head, long metal shank (60 cm), and wooden shaft. The sword (gladius) was relatively short (40-50 cm long) and had a sharp, tapered point; it was designed primarily as a stabbing weapon.

The legionaries were trained to hurl their javelins and then immediately draw swords and charge to contact. A Roman imperial legionary was the finest heavy infantryman of antiquity, and a massed legionary charge was the ancient world’s last word in ‘shock and awe’.

Source.

http://www.military-history.org/articles/roman-legionary-profile.htm

Ulla
06-21-2014, 02:43 PM
Samnite lancer

http://www.ancient-battles.com/images/warriors/lanceari_samniti.jpg

random
06-21-2014, 02:46 PM
Yeah its a well known fact that they were Gheg Highlanders.

Most of the Imperial auxilia forces were from these provinces:
1- Britannia (England/Wales)
2- Syria (Syria/Leb/Palest/Jordan/Israel)
3- Dacia (Romania)
4- Mauretania (Tunisia/Algeria/Morocco)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_auxiliaries#Unit_types_and_structure

Ulla
06-21-2014, 02:47 PM
Most of the Imperial auxilia forces were from these provinces:
1- Britannia (England/Wales)
2- Syria (Syria/Leb/Palest/Jordan/Israel)
3- Dacia (Romania)
4- Mauretania (Tunisia/Algeria/Morocco)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_auxiliaries#Unit_types_and_structure

Gheghs at that time weren't even mentioned in historical sources.

Zincite
06-21-2014, 02:55 PM
Etruscan armor

http://www.joslinhall.com/graphics/Etruscan-1.jpg

Etruscan warrior, found near Viterbo, Italy, dated circa 500 BC.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Etruscan_warrior_near_Viterbe_Italy_circa_500_BCE. jpg

Etruscan helmet

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Etruscan_helmet_british_museum.jpg


In addition to written sources, the archaeological record provides evidence for the Etruscan military and warfare. Tombs of wealthy Etruscans consistently contain either representative sculpture of weaponry and armour, or the items themselves. The varieties of shields, helms, armour and weaponry vary according to date and location, but can still be organized into broad stylistic categories.
Several Etruscan shields have been recovered from Etruscan grave sites. The shields are traditionally decorated bronze circular disks measuring around a yard across. Earlier Etruscan shields are flat and later examples have a slightly convex curve across the body of the shield. The later styles bear close resemblance to contemporary Greek models. There are several helmet designs found at Etruscan sites, the most distinctively Etruscan being the so-called “crested helm” variety. The crest is fashioned by joining two embossed plates (or laminae) into a high peak pointed crest. The high crest is frequently embossed with decoration. In addition to the Crested Helm a number of other varieties of helms have been found in Etruscan tombs. Often the design is a semi-spherical cap, with no decoration or with appliques. Another variation to the common semispherical cap is cheek guards attached by hinges.

Scholarios
06-21-2014, 02:57 PM
http://www.agefotostock.com/previewimage/bajaage/4211256e87fd5ab3c027ac48429d171c/DAE-10370389.jpg

Dorian Hoplites dueling, Poseidonia (Paestum) 4th Century BC

http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/73/7351/GFAS100Z/posters/greek-art-magna-graecia-bronze-helmet-cuirass-and-shin-guard-muzzle-and-horse-armor.jpg

Greek Bronze armor, Apulia.

http://www.livius.org/a/1/greece/coin_hiero_ii_syracuse2.jpg

Hiero II of Sicily as a Prodromoi Cavalry

Scholarios
06-21-2014, 03:02 PM
The Roman soldiers were mostly from outside Italy.

Off the top of my head, I am thinking that at the Pax Romana about 65% of the soldiers came from Italy.



The legions were theoretically recruited from Roman citizens, with a predominance of Italians in the early Imperial legions, superseded by a rising number of provincial Roman citizens toward the end of the first century. Apparently, the Gallic provinces of Narbonensis and Lugdunensis provided many legionaries, followed by the Rhine and Danube provinces of Lower Germany, Noricum and Pannonia (Le Bohec, 1994). The western provinces generally supplied more recruits than the eastern areas. In Egypt, easterners formed the basis of the early legions, until regular recruitment of Africans begin in the mid-first century. By the second century, there were more Africans than easterners, and by the third century, Egyptians had superseded the native Africans (Alston, 1995). This demonstrates the theory that, in general, legionary recruitment originally spread over a wide area covering more than one province, then narrowed to the territory of the province or its neighbors, and finally became more and more localized as the armies settled in permanent forts, and citizenship and Romanization spread, becoming embedded in the local culture.

Roman Army: Social and Institutional History
(http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=NqHvmQGx2iUC&pg=PT158&lpg=PT158&dq=The+legions+were+theoretically+recruited+from+R oman+citizens,+with+a+predominance+of+Italians+in+ the+early+Imperial+legions,+superseded+by+a+rising +number+of+provincial+Roman+citizens+toward+the+en d+of+the+first+century.&source=bl&ots=VLg_uw7aqW&sig=yOlJyacDidCwU8Q7KeFOO-8YU6M&hl=en&ei=obwETa-OCIO8lQej9oX1DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20legions%20were%20theoretically%20recruited %20from%20Roman%20citizens%2C%20with%20a%20predomi nance%20of%20Italians%20in%20the%20early%20Imperia l%20legions%2C%20superseded%20by%20a%20rising%20nu mber%20of%20provincial%20Roman%20citizens%20toward %20the%20end%20of%20the%20first%20century.&f=false)

Ulla
06-21-2014, 03:02 PM
Etruscan army, one of the most powerful before the rise of Ancient Rome.

Etruscan army led by King Lars Porsenna, allied with Piceni, Veneti and other Italics, during the siege of Rome (about 500 BC)

http://www.modellismopiu.net/m+gallerie/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=288752&g2_serialNumber=1

Etruscan hoplites
http://www.ancient-battles.com/images/warriors/etruscan_hop.jpg
http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/79/72/e9/7972e9276e6121b1f17dffbcd271227b.jpg
http://s5.photobucket.com/user/gieImages/media/Etruscan/etruscan2.jpg.html
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y154/gieImages/Etruscan/img052.jpg
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/92305608.jpg
http://www.gorgon-studios.com/images/shieldtransfers/etrgm3.jpg

Yuffayur
06-21-2014, 03:02 PM
Yeah its a well known fact that they were Gheg Highlanders.

Yeah I know that, the famous Illyrean warriors lol.




During the late stages of Empire, probably. But it's very difficult that they were from outside Italy during the Monarchy and the Repubblican period.

I agree with this.





Not in the early stages of the Roman empire. The Romans did rely on a huge force of auxiliary regiments from newly conquered regions, but still native Latin speaking formed a huge chunk of the Imperial army.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Roman_army#Army_size_and_cost


Yeah early ages when the empire were in actual central Italy. but latter I guess Romans were only general and commanders.

Ulla
06-21-2014, 03:24 PM
Villanovan warriors (Northern-Central Italy, from c. 900 BC to c. 700 BC).

http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y154/gieImages/Etruscan/img049.jpg

Typical Villanovan crested helmet

http://31.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m6nnw849BJ1ryfivao1_500.jpg

http://www.larp.com/hoplite/VilhlmA8.jpg

http://www.larp.com/hoplite/Romulus6-10.jpg

Ulla
06-21-2014, 03:56 PM
Other Italics warriors

http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/49/34/ff/4934ff0fac4bdbb878d7d91109908c21.jpg

http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y154/gieImages/italic%20people/scan0009-1.jpg

Scandalf
06-21-2014, 04:00 PM
The Roman soldiers were mostly from outside Italy.

In the Imperial Age yes.

Mens-Sarda
06-21-2014, 04:01 PM
Nuragic Sardinian, reconstruction based upon real bronze statuettes

http://www.angelademontis.it/Galleria%20personaggi%20PDB.htm

http://www.angelademontis.it/Infochannel%20PDB-la_mostra.htm

Scandalf
06-21-2014, 04:02 PM
Other Italics warriors

http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/49/34/ff/4934ff0fac4bdbb878d7d91109908c21.jpg

http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y154/gieImages/italic%20people/scan0009-1.jpg

That stupid helm on the left guy's head was Etrurian right?

Ulla
06-21-2014, 04:09 PM
That stupid helm on the left guy's head was Etrurian right?

Villanovan or Italic, not Etruscan but they also used it.

Ulla
06-21-2014, 04:19 PM
...

These were found in Bernières-d’Ailly (Calvados), France. Bronze Age

http://musee-de-normandie.caen.fr/sites/musee-de-normandie.caen.priv/files/pictures/styles/images_pages/public/RETOUCHE%20GIMP%201010X484%20Casques1.jpg

This one is Villanovan dated 900-720 BC (now at Louvre, Paris)

http://www.photo.rmn.fr/LowRes2/TR1/JNX0DO/98-015901.jpg

Yuffayur
06-21-2014, 04:23 PM
That stupid helm on the left guy's head was Etrurian right?

Commom that's not stupid I like the style

Scandalf
06-21-2014, 04:29 PM
Commom that's not stupid I like the style

It looks awkward. I prefer Greek helms.

Ulla
06-21-2014, 04:31 PM
Commom that's not stupid I like the style

Here it's called "Le casque « gaulois »". In Italy it's called the Villanovan helmet. Later was adopted by all the Italics tribes, the Etruscans and also by the early Roman army during Romulus times.

http://www.canivet.com/challenge-az-d-comme-docteur/

Ulla
06-21-2014, 04:38 PM
The warrior of Capestrano (Abruzzo, Italy) dated 600 BC. He is a Picene warrior. Piceni were an Italic tribe, related to Umbrians, Latins, Samnites, Oscan and Celts.

http://www.abruzzopresto.com/v1/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Capestrano-Warrior-550BC1.jpg

Ulla
06-21-2014, 04:48 PM
A Corinthian helmet. Used obviously by Greeks, and later adopted by Etruscans that introduce it at Rome.
It was a very expensive helmet for a soldier.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Corinthian_helmet_Denda_Staatliche_Antikensammlung en_4330.jpg/428px-Corinthian_helmet_Denda_Staatliche_Antikensammlung en_4330.jpg

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41p1zmRiKxL._SX342_.jpg

Scandalf
06-21-2014, 04:51 PM
A Corinthian helmet. Used obviously by Greeks, and later adopted by Etruscans that introduce it at Rome.
It was a very expensive helmet for a soldier.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Corinthian_helmet_Denda_Staatliche_Antikensammlung en_4330.jpg/428px-Corinthian_helmet_Denda_Staatliche_Antikensammlung en_4330.jpg

http://www.kultofathena.com/images%5CDS11_l.jpg

Love this type of helmet!

Ulla
06-21-2014, 05:07 PM
Venetic warriors (Ancient Veneti from North-East Italy)

http://www.ecusd7.org/ehs/ehsstaff/jparkin/academics/ancient_world_history/Flowering_of_Civilizations/Han-Rome_Comparison/Rome/Roman_Military/Army/A-Early_Roman_Armies/Plate_D-Venetic_Fighting_System.jpg

"Pileato"helmet (dated 500 BC) used by Veneti found in Oppeano, Verona

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_elmo_pileato_pale oveneto_da_oppeano_%28V_sec._ac%29_01.JPG/450px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_elmo_pileato_pale oveneto_da_oppeano_%28V_sec._ac%29_01.JPG

Scandalf
06-21-2014, 05:14 PM
Venetic warriors (Ancient Veneti from North-East Italy)

http://www.ecusd7.org/ehs/ehsstaff/jparkin/academics/ancient_world_history/Flowering_of_Civilizations/Han-Rome_Comparison/Rome/Roman_Military/Army/A-Early_Roman_Armies/Plate_D-Venetic_Fighting_System.jpg

"Pileato"helmet (dated 500 BC) used by Veneti found in Oppeano, Verona

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_elmo_pileato_pale oveneto_da_oppeano_%28V_sec._ac%29_01.JPG/450px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_elmo_pileato_pale oveneto_da_oppeano_%28V_sec._ac%29_01.JPG

I read an article stating that they had the best horses in the Italian peninsula. Which is kinda odd. Wasn't Veneto a huge swamp before the Romans did the bonifica?

Peyrol
06-21-2014, 05:29 PM
Taurini warrior

http://www.ancient-battles.com/images/warriors/spathari_taurini.jpg

The celtic founders of my city.


They had a fierce resistence against Hannibal siege of Turin during the punic wars.

Ulla
06-21-2014, 05:44 PM
I read an article stating that they had the best horses in the Italian peninsula. Which is kinda odd. Wasn't Veneto a huge swamp before the Romans did the bonifica?

Both true.

I don't know if they had the best horses, but Ancient Veneti were very famous for their horses since the old times. This shows their indisputable Indo-European origin.

Peyrol
06-21-2014, 05:46 PM
Very late Antiquity/Early Middle Ages, but still ''italic'' to many degree...



Longobard warriors



http://www.winniler.net/image/duca%20longobardo%20%28Emi%29%203.jpg




http://www.illongobardo.it/Immagini/lombard%20ride%20%28Small%29.jpg




http://www.mondimedievali.net/barbar/images/arimann.jpg




http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A3NCI8ezTMk/UXCuxMBIt2I/AAAAAAAAgCg/A3JN0decRd0/s640/b2b_PEG_75-099_2.jpg




http://www.hourofwolves.org/images/articles/fallOfRome/gothicWarrior.jpg




Lombard king of Italy Rotari (''Hrothar'' in old longobard language)


http://www.homolaicus.com/storia/medioevo/images/rachis.jpg

SardiniaAtlantis
06-21-2014, 06:03 PM
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Samnite_soldiers_from_a_tomb_frieze_in_Nola_4th_ce ntury_BCE.jpg

It is written Samnite soldiers in the picture address, but I have seen this same painting used to depict Sea Peoples soldiers it is often said on the left is a Shardana soldier. Boh. :confused:

Pelliti Sardi
http://www.fmboschetto.it/Utopiaucronia/Grande_Australia/Ampsicora.jpg
http://www.alboscuole.it/consolle/img.aspx?cod=253005sesazr4xt1n2yzscfonkn55167-223660

Guerrieri Nuragici
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g2l9aqmE89Q/TE6IKGxmeeI/AAAAAAAAATo/F-pOQ5xJ90o/s1600/guerriero+12.jpg
http://i46.tinypic.com/rsv9g7.jpg

Vesuvian Sky
06-21-2014, 06:06 PM
http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/c2/37/84/c23784e667c1cc1918cb4e281e1dd0e4.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g2l9aqmE89Q/TE_avaWMoOI/AAAAAAAAAT4/aRok_jlVeYU/s1600/guerriero+17.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g2l9aqmE89Q/TE6IDtx3woI/AAAAAAAAATg/SL_TddtcSiI/s1600/arciere+11.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_p0q7jScbaU4/S-LfRHuGv-I/AAAAAAAAAKU/p_6d9Txywb4/s320/shr.jpg

Ulla
06-21-2014, 06:06 PM
Ancient Ligurians

http://thelosttreasurechest.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ligurian-guerrero.jpg

http://community.imaginefx.com/fxpose/caliburns_portfolio/images/133228/319x425.aspx

http://alexseyk65.narod.ru/p1239753.jpg

Stele from Filetto, Massa-Carrara, Tuscany at border with Liguria

http://www.archeo.it/uploads/media/SPECIALI/2010/MISTERI/statuestelo/thumbnail/view_19_PBOCCONI01_.jpg

Ulla
06-21-2014, 06:25 PM
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Samnite_soldiers_from_a_tomb_frieze_in_Nola_4th_ce ntury_BCE.jpg

It is written Samnite soldiers in the picture address, but I have seen this same painting used to depict Sea Peoples soldiers it is often said on the left is a Shardana soldier. Boh. :confused:


I know that someone stated on the forums that are not Samnites but in some way related to Sardinia or to Sea Peoples. In any case it's a tomb fresco from Nola (Campania) 4th century BCE conserved at the Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli (inv. nr. 9363) and it's part of the collection called Etruschi e popoli italici in Campania (Catalogue) not still open to public. These are all the infos I got on the web.

Peyrol
06-21-2014, 06:26 PM
Warrior of the ''Syracousan Sicilian Empire'' under Dyonizyon Ist


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Warrior_MAR_Palermo_NI2134.jpg/640px-Warrior_MAR_Palermo_NI2134.jpg



(note the Trinacria on the shield)


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Oplita.jpg



http://www.actionsoldier.it/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/immagine123-400x533.jpg

SardiniaAtlantis
06-21-2014, 06:27 PM
I know that someone stated on the forums that are not Samnites but in some way related to Sardinia or to Sea Peoples. In any case it's a tomb fresco from Nola (Campania) 4th century BCE conserved at the Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli (inv. nr. 9363) and it's part of the collection called Etruschi e popoli italici in Campania (Catalogue) not still open to public. All the infos I got on the web.

Yes exactly from what I have always known it was the Etruscans representing the Sea Peoples with the Shardana warrior on the left carrying the flag that almost recalls the 4 mori interestingly enough... :)

Ulla
06-21-2014, 06:29 PM
Yes exactly from what I have always known it was the Etruscans representing the Sea Peoples with the Shardana warrior on the left carrying the flag that almost recalls the 4 mori... :)

I guess that the fresco is heavily influenced by Etruscan paintings. Etruscans had some colonies in Campania at that time and Nola is properly in that area.

Ulla
06-22-2014, 01:03 PM
Warrior of the ''Syracousan Sicilian Empire'' under Dyonizyon Ist

Etruscans vs a Siracusan Hoplite

http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y154/gieImages/Etruscan/img051.jpg

Ulla
06-22-2014, 01:57 PM
Yes exactly from what I have always known it was the Etruscans representing the Sea Peoples with the Shardana warrior on the left carrying the flag that almost recalls the 4 mori interestingly enough... :)

Well, in my honest opinion if the flag recalls the 4 mori would be a very bizarre anachronism. I guess that 4 mori is a more recent symbol, medieval times. Four heads of Moors is even findable in the shields of German medieval cities.

Ianus
06-22-2014, 02:16 PM
The Roman soldiers were mostly from outside Italy.

Only in the Late Roman Empire, before majority come from Italy.

Ianus
06-22-2014, 02:21 PM
Celtic warriors
http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/images/Europe/Barbarians/Celts_Warriors02_full.jpg

Xanthias
06-22-2014, 02:21 PM
didn't the Romans also have this ?

http://www.legionxxiv.org/signum/signifercreandbl_.jpg

and from where and when did it come in Italy ?

Mens-Sarda
06-22-2014, 02:23 PM
Well, in my honest opinion if the flag recalls the 4 mori would be a very bizarre anachronism. I guess that 4 mori is a more recent symbol, medieval times. Four heads of Moors is even findable in the shields of German medieval cities.

the 4 Moors Flag has a medieval origin, maybe Spanish, the 4 Moors are found also on the flag of the Kingdom of Aragona, and only 1 Moor on the Corsican Flag

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Sardinia#Origin

Sardinia Flag

http://blog.netafim.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/179218407.jpg

Aragon Flag

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/1000px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png

Corsica Flag

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/750px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png

Ianus
06-22-2014, 02:25 PM
didn't the Romans also have this ?

http://www.legionxxiv.org/signum/signifercreandbl_.jpg

and from where and when did it come in Italy ?

Lokks like signifer, a stand bearer of the roman legions

Xanthias
06-22-2014, 02:28 PM
Lokks like signifer, a stand bearer of the roman legions

yes but I am talking about the wolf clothing. When was it first taken place by the romans and which people initially brought it ?

Ianus
06-22-2014, 02:32 PM
yes but I am talking about the wolf clothing. When was it first taken place by the romans and which people initially brought it ?

Originally wre the velites, light infantry, to wear wolf skin. The wolf was sacred to Mars and connected with the mythological origin of Rome.

Linebacker
06-22-2014, 02:36 PM
The best fighting force within Rome itself-The Gladiators

http://www.gladiators.de/images/title-pic.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gladiators_from_the_Zliten_mosaic_3.JPG

http://www.crystalinks.com/romegladiator.jpg

http://urbanveganchic.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/roman-gladiators.jpg

Ulla
06-22-2014, 02:39 PM
didn't the Romans also have this ?

http://www.legionxxiv.org/signum/signifercreandbl_.jpg

and from where and when did it come in Italy ?

They are Roman Signifer and Praetorian Vexillifer or Aquilifer, since the Repubblican period. They wore bears, wolfs, lions...

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Signifero_Venerd%C3%AC_Santo_Romagnano_Sesia.jpg/800px-Signifero_Venerd%C3%AC_Santo_Romagnano_Sesia.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/PraetorianVexillifer_1.jpg/387px-PraetorianVexillifer_1.jpg

Scandalf
06-22-2014, 02:49 PM
yes but I am talking about the wolf clothing. When was it first taken place by the romans and which people initially brought it ?

I think it was a very ancient practice that predates Rome. Every where in the World tribal hunters and warriors covered themselves with beast's skins. Even the Aztecs wore jaguar skin...

Ulla
06-22-2014, 02:55 PM
yes but I am talking about the wolf clothing. When was it first taken place by the romans and which people initially brought it ?

Latins or Sabines, or another Italic people that are all of Indo-European origin. But also Etruscans wore wolfs.

Etruscan Aita (fresco dated 400 BC)

http://www.archeo.it/uploads/media/2010/LUGLIO/etruschi/thumbnail/view_2_-Aita_Phersipnai.jpg
https://lucenelnero.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/aita-lupo.jpg

Ulla
06-22-2014, 03:00 PM
The Lupercal (from lupa, Latin for she-wolf) is a cave at the foot of the south side of Palatine Hill in Rome, between the Temple of Apollo Palatinus and the Basilica di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino. In the legend of Rome's foundation, Romulus and Remus were found there by the lactating female wolf who suckled them until they were found by Faustulus. The priests of Lupercus later celebrated certain ceremonies of the Lupercalia there, from the earliest days of the City until AD 494, when the practice was ended by Pope Gelasius I.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupercal

SardiniaAtlantis
06-22-2014, 06:21 PM
Well, in my honest opinion if the flag recalls the 4 mori would be a very bizarre anachronism. I guess that 4 mori is a more recent symbol, medieval times. Four heads of Moors is even findable in the shields of German medieval cities.

OF COURSE!!! It is simply a very interesting coincidence that people have pointed out is all! The 4 mori is actually traceable to the crown of Aragon. It is however interesting to think that we have could have been represented by a similar design so long ago.

Ianus
06-22-2014, 07:01 PM
Venetian stradiotti
http://i664.photobucket.com/albums/vv10/SergejKorolev/ThreadBalkanWest/Stradiot.jpg

Empecinado
06-22-2014, 07:33 PM
the 4 Moors Flag has a medieval origin, maybe Spanish, the 4 Moors are found also on the flag of the Kingdom of Aragona, and only 1 Moor on the Corsican Flag

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Sardinia#Origin

Sardinia Flag

http://blog.netafim.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/179218407.jpg

Aragon Flag

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/1000px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png

Corsica Flag

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/750px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png

It first appeared in a 1281 stamp of Peter III of Aragon, probably alluding to a personal shield with crusader spirit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Creu-Alcoraz-1280-Butlla-Plom-Pere-III-Arag%C3%B3-El-Gran.jpg

Traditionally, the emblem has been associated with the Battle of Alcoraz as interpretations of their origin arising in the XIV century, which linked it to the miraculous intervention of St. George in the Aragonese conquest of Huesca. So it's also called Cruz de Alcoraz.

Ulla
06-26-2014, 11:37 PM
Roman soldiers for Canadian kids

http://www.rom.on.ca/sites/default/files/imce/katec_rg_weekend_2013_soldiers.jpg

http://www.rom.on.ca/en/blog/veni-vidi-vici-a-weekend-to-remember

Ulla
07-28-2014, 10:44 AM
http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs70/i/2010/045/c/c/roman_army_2_by_byzantinum.jpg

EyeOfTheTiger
07-28-2014, 10:48 AM
i wonder if they will win in a fight against the aztecs or other native americans

Ulla
07-28-2014, 10:55 AM
Insubres (from modern-day Lombardy) and Gauls Boii (settled in modern-day Emilia)

In terms of dress, Polybius gives us a vivid description of Gaulish invaders at the battle of Telamon (modern-day Tuscany), fought in 225 B.C.E. He states that the tribes of the Insubres and Boii wore trousers (bracae), and light cloaks.

http://www.losttribes.net/images/trousers.jpg


The battle of Telamon

The Battle of Telamon was fought between the Roman Republic and an alliance of Gauls in 225 BC. The Romans, led by the consuls Gaius Atilius Regulus and Lucius Aemilius Papus, defeated the Gauls, thus extending their influence over northern Italy.

Rome had been at peace with the tribes of Cisalpine Gaul (the Po valley in northern Italy) for many years. Indeed, when a force of Transalpine Gauls had crossed the Alps into Italy in 230 BC, it had been the Boii of Cisalpine Gaul who had repelled them. The Romans had sent an army but found it was not needed. However, when the Romans partitioned the formerly Gallic territory of Picenum in 234 BC, this created resentment among its neighbours, the Boii and Insubres.

In 225 BC, the Boii and Insubres paid large sums of money to the Gaesatae, mercenaries from Transalpine Gaul led by Aneroëstes and Concolitanus, to fight with them against Rome. The Romans, alarmed by this Celtic mobilisation, made a treaty giving the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal the Fair unimpeded control of Hispania so they could concentrate on the threat closer to home.

The Romans called upon their allies in Italy to supply troops. The consul Lucius Aemilius Papus had four legions of Roman citizens, 22,000 men in total, plus 32,000 allied troops, which he stationed the majority of his forces at Ariminum. He placed 54,000 Sabines and Etruscans on the Etruscan border under the command of a praetor, and sent 40,000 Umbrians, Sarsinates, Veneti and Cenomani to attack the home territory of the Boii to distract them from the battle. The other consul, Gaius Atilius Regulus, had an army the same size as that of Papus, but was stationed in Sardinia at the time, and there was a reserve of 21,500 citizens and 32,000 allies in Rome itself, and two reserve legions in Sicily and Tarentum.

Ulla
07-28-2014, 11:07 AM
Magna Graecia

http://www.supersapiens.it/Immagini09/grecia_costume01.jpg

http://www.antika.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/trireme-battaglia-cuma.jpg

The Greek colonies all over Europe

http://www.supersapiens.it/Immagini09/Grecia_colonie-1.jpg

Ulla
07-28-2014, 11:10 AM
http://kappi.altervista.org/cartine-storiche/magnagrecia2.png

Ulla
07-28-2014, 11:11 AM
https://egregores.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/magna_grecia_metropoleis1.jpg

Mens-Sarda
07-28-2014, 11:53 AM
i wonder if they will win in a fight against the aztecs or other native americans

I think that in a battle between a roman legion vs an aztec army, the aztec army would be massacred

Linebacker
07-28-2014, 12:00 PM
A little fictionized,but still cool.
http://www.zems.com/forums/attachments/media-gallery/282d1300441972-%5Bgray-creature-human%5D-irulian-velite-velite-color-01.jpg

Ianus
07-28-2014, 12:55 PM
Late Republican Roman Armies
http://www.reallycoolblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Plate_G-Late_Republican_Army.jpg

Arianiti
07-28-2014, 01:20 PM
Ghegh troll, go back to Ghegland. :)

Maybe he is not trolling..you can never know. Many were Roman soldats

btw, nice thread

Alessio
07-29-2014, 06:58 PM
Witout a doubt.


i wonder if they will win in a fight against the aztecs or other native americans

Rudel
07-29-2014, 07:02 PM
Etruscan army led by King Lars Porsenna, allied with Piceni, Veneti and other Italics, during the siege of Rome (about 500 BC)

Etruscans confirmed for ancient Scandinavians and white. :p

Scandalf
07-29-2014, 07:04 PM
i wonder if they will win in a fight against the aztecs or other native americans

Roman legions would have a technological advantage due to metallurgic techniques, a strategic one due to organization and engineering, and a tactical one due to horses.

FeederOfRavens
07-29-2014, 07:09 PM
Unfortunately, after Roman times Italians couldn't win a war to save their lives.

Mens-Sarda
07-29-2014, 07:09 PM
Etruscans confirmed for ancient Scandinavians and white. :p

:laugh:

maybe they hired a Prussian military advisor

Scandalf
07-29-2014, 07:16 PM
Unfortunately, after Roman times Italians couldn't win a war to save their lives.

They were too fragmented and thanks to the Papal State they never became a Nation.

Peyrol
07-29-2014, 07:47 PM
Unfortunately, after Roman times Italians couldn't win a war to save their lives.


1915-1918: austro-german asses kicked out of the Alpes :laugh:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Front_%28World_War_I%29

FeederOfRavens
07-29-2014, 07:51 PM
1915-1918: austro-german asses kicked out of the Alpes :laugh:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Front_%28World_War_I%29

That's good for Italy, because I really dislike the haspburgs and their oppression of Slavs.

Peyrol
07-29-2014, 07:59 PM
That's good for Italy, because I really dislike the haspburgs and their oppression of Slavs.

Savoyarde and Hapsburg were rivals since early Middle Ages, when they fought for the control of Switzerland (the end was the proclamation of Swiss emancipation and the creation of the Swiss Confederation), and during the piemontese conquest of italian peninsula (the so called ''Italian unification'') the rivalry was revived...the disgregation of Austroungarian Empire by italobritish forces was just a final act of a plurisecular dynastical war...a war that caused the loss of 600,000 young italians (and 500,000 austrohungarians)...and the post war economic-social crysis that ended in Mussolini governments...and, in the end, the (how's ironical) end of the same savoyarde dynasty....
i don't know if we can call WWI a real ''victory''...

Mens-Sarda
07-29-2014, 08:12 PM
1915-1918: austro-german asses kicked out of the Alpes :laugh:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Front_%28World_War_I%29


not to mention that the Austrians where scared to death by Sardinian soldiers of Brigata Sassari; Sardinian soldiers used to assault Austrian trenches at night, moving in absolute silence and armed with traditional Sardinian knives and disappearing before dawn, the Austrians where so scared that nicknamed our soldiers "demons, devils", and our soldiers adopted the nickname, translating it in Sardinian "dimònios"

traditional knives "resolzas"

http://www.artecoltelli.it/images/gcadeddu.jpg

http://imageshack.us/a/img26/1713/dsc0127modexpo.jpg

traditional knives : "leppas"

http://i54.photobucket.com/albums/g106/koolmind/andrea/coltelli_sardi/leppa_ottocento/leppa_ottocento01_resize.jpg

http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8188/8094081830_8e271b1d9a.jpg

Ulla
07-29-2014, 09:05 PM
Etruscans confirmed for ancient Scandinavians and white. :p

Lars was indeed the most common name between Etruscans. :P

Other variants: Larth, Laris.

Rudel
07-29-2014, 09:09 PM
not to mention that the Austrians where scared to death by Sardinian soldiers of Brigata Sassari; Sardinian soldiers used to assault Austrian trenches at night, moving in absolute silence and armed with traditional Sardinian knives and disappearing before dawn, the Austrians where so scared that nicknamed our soldiers "demons, devils", and our soldiers adopted the nickname, translating it in Sardinian "dimònios"

traditional knives "resolzas"

http://www.artecoltelli.it/images/gcadeddu.jpg

http://imageshack.us/a/img26/1713/dsc0127modexpo.jpg
Those look like the traditional knives of Central and Southern France, though these form factors came from Spain (where shepherds sometimes went to work during the off-season).

Scandalf
07-29-2014, 09:46 PM
not to mention that the Austrians where scared to death by Sardinian soldiers of Brigata Sassari; Sardinian soldiers used to assault Austrian trenches at night, moving in absolute silence and armed with traditional Sardinian knives and disappearing before dawn, the Austrians where so scared that nicknamed our soldiers "demons, devils", and our soldiers adopted the nickname, translating it in Sardinian "dimònios"

traditional knives "resolzas"

http://www.artecoltelli.it/images/gcadeddu.jpg

http://imageshack.us/a/img26/1713/dsc0127modexpo.jpg

traditional knives : "leppas"

http://i54.photobucket.com/albums/g106/koolmind/andrea/coltelli_sardi/leppa_ottocento/leppa_ottocento01_resize.jpg

http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8188/8094081830_8e271b1d9a.jpg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&persist_app=1&v=FaziOWtRaV4

Empecinado
07-29-2014, 09:52 PM
not to mention that the Austrians where scared to death by Sardinian soldiers of Brigata Sassari; Sardinian soldiers used to assault Austrian trenches at night, moving in absolute silence and armed with traditional Sardinian knives and disappearing before dawn, the Austrians where so scared that nicknamed our soldiers "demons, devils", and our soldiers adopted the nickname, translating it in Sardinian "dimònios"

traditional knives "resolzas"

http://www.artecoltelli.it/images/gcadeddu.jpg

http://imageshack.us/a/img26/1713/dsc0127modexpo.jpg



It looks like the traditional Spanish navaja de Curro Jiménez or navaja de siete muelles that is my signature. Back then everybody had one, and is stereotyped as a typical bandit weapon.

Mens-Sarda
07-29-2014, 10:09 PM
It looks like the traditional Spanish navaja de Curro Jiménez or navaja de siete muelles that is my signature. Back then everybody had one, and is stereotyped as a typical bandit weapon.


the first kind it's still used, it's the traditional knife, every sheperd has one, it's also a work tool, the blade is razor-sharp, and it's used to slaughter animals

the name "resolza, resorza, resorja, resoja, arresoja" comes from Latin "rasorium" (razor)

the second knife, the "leppa" was used until the beginning of XXth century when the government prohibited it, it's was a kind of little sword, with 50cm long blade, it was like a status symbol, every man had one of these blades

the name "leppa" seems to come from the Greek "Lepis, Lépos = metal foil", also in modern Greek there is the word "Lepida = knife blade"

http://img.webme.com/pic/c/coltellilai/foto1.jpg

Heart of Oak
07-29-2014, 10:12 PM
An why do the English stick there fingers upto the French archers......

Scandalf
07-29-2014, 10:16 PM
An why do the English stick there fingers upto the French archers......

To show them they have fingers to fire a bow?

Ulla
08-29-2014, 05:57 PM
The Roman Army - Full Documentary


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMxOgBb08tk

Ulla
08-29-2014, 06:11 PM
Roman Empire - The Iceni rebellion

The Battle of Watling Street took place in Roman-occupied Britain in AD 60 or 61 between an alliance of indigenous British peoples led by Boudica and a Roman army led by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. Although heavily outnumbered, the Romans decisively defeated the allied tribes, inflicting heavy losses on them. The battle marked the end of resistance to Roman rule in Britain in the southern half of the island, a period that lasted until 410 AD.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ega3dbE6b08

Artek
08-29-2014, 06:20 PM
I-II century AD legionaries.
https://fbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-xpa1/t31.0-8/10557535_930686653613487_164879991105100831_o.jpg
https://scontent-a-fra.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xpf1/t1.0-9/10464359_792791127412320_4142977361277352705_n.jpg

Heart of Oak
08-30-2014, 08:30 AM
Yes the Romans were cool, they worked hard and played even harder, I live in Bath Somerset so I am surrounded by Roman things, the natural hot springs that come from the dormant Volcano below us...
It is wonderful to go for a swim every day (which as a resident) I enjoy for free...
there are statues everywhere...

Empecinado
08-30-2014, 10:27 AM
Yes the Romans were cool, they worked hard and played even harder, I live in Bath Somerset so I am surrounded by Roman things, the natural hot springs that come from the dormant Volcano below us...
It is wonderful to go for a swim every day (which as a resident) I enjoy for free...
there are statues everywhere...

I was there in 2009, nice city!

Immortal Technique
08-30-2014, 10:28 AM
Romans always great.

Heart of Oak
08-31-2014, 09:34 AM
I walked through the Abbey square last night, with all the illuminations on the Statues, quite magical, all the Roman gods are there somewhere, and for some reason many animals, did they worship them too?
If you ever find yourself in the West of England, give me a call.
For real...

Peyrol
08-31-2014, 05:12 PM
I walked through the Abbey square last night, with all the illuminations on the Statues, quite magical, all the Roman gods are there somewhere, and for some reason many animals, did they worship them too?
If you ever find yourself in the West of England, give me a call.
For real...

In the early times, during the monarchy, the republic and the early empire, that was usual.
Some animals were considered sacer (sacre), like the wolf, especially female ones (the animal that according to the legend, nursed Romulus and Remo and grew them since they were teenagers), or even the aquila (the eagle), that was the most beloved animal by Jupiter.
But youì've to remember that the wolf was worshipped even by celts...and remeber that the roman general that conquered Britain, Julius Agricola, was from a family of romanized celts of ancient northern Italy, and so were many of his troopers...so that must be a cultural fusion between romanic and celtic elements (remember even that italic people and celtic people were the last indoeuropean population that separated from each others).
Some romans were also used to worship the wild boars, but that was an etruscan element absorbed by many legionaires, and disappeared early.

Vesuvian Sky
12-10-2014, 04:09 PM
Picene/Sabellic warrior reconstruction:

http://en.diorama.ru/_img/content/gallery/2708/1.jpg

http://en.diorama.ru/_img/content/gallery/2708/5.jpg

http://en.diorama.ru/_img/content/gallery/2708/4.jpg

Interesting because a mace is suggested as a weapon here though I can't recall this in the archives of the Pigorini Museum of Pre- and Proto- History.

MinervaItalica
08-28-2016, 03:40 PM
Bruzi/Bruttii

http://www.orsomarsoblues.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/pan-guerriero-brettio.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h0e5Yb5wmzY/UzCqgRBlsaI/AAAAAAAAj20/2jqukmD8F8U/s1600/Calabria+Cosenza+Elmo+arcaico+in+Piazza+dei+Bruzi, +opera+di+Mimmo+Paladino.JPG

http://museocentrostorico.cs.it/bruzi/slide2.jpg

MinervaItalica
09-06-2017, 05:02 PM
Mars of Todi (Etruscan)

https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7gi20e1ZOEU/WQeEiLY4tRI/AAAAAAAALDs/qm21hmlHxVYczv77p-UVMfP12oZ_iFrEgCLcB/s1600/6402.jpg

MinervaItalica
09-12-2017, 10:57 AM
Sanniti

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d0GuoUzsb1E/VlMIydsNzZI/AAAAAAAAY1w/4oQ7acpHdTQ/s1600/sanniti2.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Guerriero_Sannita_04.jpg/768px-Guerriero_Sannita_04.jpg

RenaRyuguu
07-27-2019, 09:23 AM
Nice

MinervaItalica
08-10-2019, 03:33 PM
Volsci

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/images/Europe/Italy/Etruscan_Map01_full.jpg

Map of Italy 800-400 BC
Iron Age Etruria (the orange area of the map) was dominated by a collection of city states, twelve of which formed the Etruscan League over time to defend the region from attacks by Greeks and Phoenicians, and which was sometimes known as the Dodecapolis.

Etrurian dominance covered western central Italy, along with a wide swathe towards, but not quite reaching, the Veneti tribe (around modern Venice), and a stretch of territory along the western coast as far south as Naples. The city of Alalia dominated eastern Corsica, completing a semi-circle of territory that formed the border with the Phoenicians of Carthage and the Greeks of southern Italy and Sicily.

Two other Etruscan leagues also formed, one of which was Campania in the south, led by the city state of Capua (which included what is now the city of Naples). This league dominated the Opici people in that region. The other was that of the Po Valley city states in the north-east, which included Adria (modern Atria) and Spina (in the Veneto region of modern Italy).

Gauls began intruding into this territory from the north, while the aggressive Latins of Rome steadily squeezed it from the south whilst also gradually subjugating the various Italic tribes.

The so-called West Indo-European tribes arrived at the eastern edge of central Europe around 2500 BC. Their northern group became the proto-Celts of the Urnfield culture while the southern group seemingly migrated westwards and southwards, reaching Illyria and northern Italy. Already divided further into semi-isolated tribes, they became more civilised in habits and technologies due to contact with southern Greeks and Etruscans. In the eleventh to eighth centuries BC, some of those groups in Illyria crossed by sea into the Italian peninsula and settled along the south-eastern coast. Those in the north Italian piedmont gradually migrated southwards to occupy much of the rest of eastern and central Italy. These tribes all formed part of a general group called Italics.

The Volsci (or Volscians) were a group of Italics who, during the Iron Age, were first located on the upper River Liris, but were driven into the fertile land to the south of Rome. They were neighboured to the north by the Latins and Marsi, to the east by the Carracini and Pentri tribes of the Samnites, and to the south by the Etruscan-dominated regions of the Opici. Once south of Rome, they found themselves alongside the Hernici, and beyond them the Aequi, with the Aurunci and Samnites to the south. The Oscan-Umbrian group of which the Volsci were part are largely accepted as being Indo-Europeans (perhaps proto-Celts) who migrated into the peninsula from the north.

Strabo and Pliny, along with other ancient writers, claimed the Aequi, Hernici, Sabini, and Volsci as divisions of the Opici or their Ausones stem. They also stated that the Picentes and Samnites were originally tribes of the Sabellians. This was a collective of central Italian tribes during the Iron Age, comprising the Marrucini, Marsi, Sabini, and Vestini. More specifically, the Picentes and Samnites may have been a division of the Sabini. Writers frequently link one to the other, sometimes referring to the Samnites as Sabellus, seemingly as an umbrella term for their origin. From the Samnites were descended the Lucani, and from the Lucani the Brutii, showing a good deal of interrelationship between the various Iron Age peoples. If the ancient writers were correct, the Opici would seem to be the ancestor of most of these peoples.

Their language came from the Oscan-Umbrian group of Indo-European languages (P-Italic), which were widely spoken in Iron Age central and southern Italy before the rise to dominance of Latin (Latin itself was a slightly more distantly related language, coming from the Indo-European Latino-Faliscan group, or Q-Italic). An early third century inscription from the Volsci town of Velitrae provides the proof for their language.



(Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information by Edward Dawson, from The Roman History: From Romulus and the Foundation of Rome to the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius, Velleius Paterculus, J C Yardley, & Anthony A Barrett, from An Historical Geography of Europe, Norman J G Pounds (Abridged Version), and from External Links: The Princeton Encyclopaedia of Classical Sites, and Geography, Strabo (H C Hamilton & W Falconer, London, 1903, Perseus Online Edition).)

Source: https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/ItalyVolsci.htm

Scipio Africanus
04-12-2020, 12:25 AM
Italic warriors

https://i.postimg.cc/RZ4HTz66/ital5.png
https://i.postimg.cc/L6MYHMVC/ital6.png
https://i.postimg.cc/GtT2bXB1/ital4.png
https://i.postimg.cc/zBFCNXgr/ital0.png
https://i.postimg.cc/5t691PQN/ital10.png

Scipio Africanus
04-12-2020, 12:26 AM
Roman legionaries

https://i.postimg.cc/c1hT3T5c/ital8.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/fW8jyyJ2/ital9.png
https://i.postimg.cc/YChXMgRz/ital7.png
https://i.postimg.cc/X78MpwwM/ital2.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/Cx7FT3vq/ital1.png
https://i.postimg.cc/26Vjx07B/ital.png

Scipio Africanus
04-12-2020, 10:29 AM
Legionaries

https://i.postimg.cc/KzWYvjCg/Legio.png

https://i.postimg.cc/cLxD7BDZ/legio1.png

Scipio Africanus
04-12-2020, 05:34 PM
Etruscan warriors

https://i.postimg.cc/RVbtM0Yt/etit.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/gkhL010N/itet2.png
https://i.postimg.cc/gkttYXnv/itet.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/Xv6bRTw5/etit1.png

https://i.postimg.cc/cJhD6Xm5/itet6.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/wvHpYfBf/itet5.png
https://i.postimg.cc/L6GkCzJ0/itet1.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/pXvn1Rxz/itet4.png

Scipio Africanus
04-13-2020, 01:22 PM
Etruscan Italic

https://i.postimg.cc/G3Nx6DpN/bi6.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/HLRPzhFZ/bi9.png
https://i.postimg.cc/vBxdh9Ty/bi.png
https://i.postimg.cc/50LRjmjX/bi1.png
https://i.postimg.cc/fLDrt9d5/bi5.png
Etruscan chariot
https://i.postimg.cc/D02QPQfp/biga1.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/rpHjrPtg/big0.png

Bosniensis
04-13-2020, 01:30 PM
3rd century Rome became dependent on Dacian and Illyrian soldiers and emperors against Frankish and Vandalic invasions.

Here is my favorite 3rd century illyrian emperor and soldier portrait: Trajan Decius posing as Mars.

https://www.rome101.com/Portraiture/Decius/pix/0608_8049WSw_L.jpg

https://www.rome101.com/Portraiture/Decius/pix/0608_8051_sm_L.jpg

also Dacian Roman (Daco-Romans) soldiers and leaders on Arch of Constantine, beautiful:

https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/upperpartofarch.jpg

Scipio Africanus
04-22-2020, 03:24 PM
Legionaries and Venetic warriors

https://i.postimg.cc/7hXv52rz/italil2.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/zX5X3CKy/italil1.png
https://i.postimg.cc/Y9ZGJhs1/italil.png
https://i.postimg.cc/LXcFdpBq/bi7.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/xdN6wbsR/bi8.png
https://i.postimg.cc/1RvYNPND/italil3.png

Scipio Africanus
04-30-2020, 03:11 PM
https://i.postimg.cc/cJhD6Xm5/itet6.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/wvHpYfBf/itet5.png

This is an Italic warrior of the Equi/Aequi tribe,not an Etruscan.