Revenant
01-15-2009, 02:01 PM
Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000 Russia.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism was examined in three Russian populations from the European part of Russia (Stavropol krai, Orel oblast, and Saratov oblast). This analysis showed that mitochondrial gene pool of Russians was represented by the mtDNA types belonging to haplogroups H, V, HV*, J, T, U, K, I, W, and X. A mongoloid admixture (1.5%) was revealed in the form of mtDNA types of macrohaplogroup M. Comparative analysis of the mtDNA haplogroup frequency distribution patterns in six Russian populations from the European part of Russia indicated the absence of substantial genetic differences between them. However, in Russian populations from the southern and central regions the frequency of haplogroup V (average frequency 8%) was higher than in the populations from more northern regions. Based on the data on mtDNA HVS1 sequence variation, it was shown that the diversity of haplogroup V in Russians (h = 0.72) corresponded to the highest h values observed in Europe. The reasons for genetic differentiation of the Russian population (historical, ecological, and adaptive) are discussed.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12500679
Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan 685000, Russia.
The genetic composition of the Russian population was investigated by analyzing both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome loci polymorphisms that allow for the different components of a population gene pool to be studied, depending on the mode of DNA marker inheritance. mtDNA sequence variation was examined by using hypervariable segment I (HVSI) sequencing and restriction analysis of the haplogroup-specific sites in 325 individuals representing 5 Russian populations from the European part of Russia. The Y-chromosome variation was investigated in 338 individuals from 8 Russian populations (including 5 populations analyzed for mtDNA variation) using 12 binary markers. For both uniparental systems most of the observed haplogroups fell into major West Eurasian haplogroups (97.9% and 99.7% for mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplogroups, respectively). Multidimensional scaling analysis based on pairwise F(ST) values between mtDNA HVSI sequences in Russians compared to other European populations revealed a considerable heterogeneity of Russian populations; populations from the southern and western parts of Russia are separated from eastern and northern populations. Meanwhile, the multidimensional scaling analysis based on Y-chromosome haplogroup F(ST) values demonstrates that the Russian gene pool is close to central-eastern European populations, with a much higher similarity to the Baltic and Finno-Ugric male pools from northern European Russia. This discrepancy in the depth of penetration of mtDNA and Y-chromosome lineages characteristic for the most southwestern Russian populations into the east and north of eastern Europe appears to indicate that Russian colonization of the northeastern territories might have been accomplished mainly by males rather than by females.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15974299
There are a couple of other interesting studies there on the same subject too. I can't see any issues with these ones other than a small(ish) sample size.
Also;
Human Biology 75.5 (2003) 647-660
Mitochondrial DNA Variations in Russian and Belorussian Populations
Olga Belyaeva et al.
Abstract
The sequence of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was determined in 251 individuals from three eastern Slavonic populations, two Russian and one Belorussian. Within HVS-I, 78 polymorphic positions were revealed. Within-population diversity of HVS-I varies slightly among three samples; its estimates do not differ strongly from those for European populations. Haplotype diversity for three populations calculated in this study is 0.949; mean pairwise differences estimate is 3.59. To assign mtDNA sequences to major phylogenetic clusters, haplogroup-specific restriction polymorphisms were selectively typed in most samples. The haplogroup distribution in the total Eastern Slavonic sample is similar to that reported for the European sample. However, the separate consideration of three Slavonic samples reveals the complicated structure of the mitochondrial gene pool in the Eastern European area. Data of this study support the proposed model of the origin of modern Eastern Slavs, which implies the admixture of ancient Slavonic tribes with pre-Slavonic populations of Eastern Europe. These data should contribute to general studies of mitochondrial DNA variations in Europe.
...
The presence of the U5b1 subcluster in the northern Russian population should also be noted. U5b1 sequences in Russians were also reported by Malyarchuk et al. (2002). This subcluster was described as specific for the Saami population (Lahermo et al. 1996). Its presence in the Russian (Oshevensk) sample seems to reflect an admixture of a Finno-Ugric component, but it is unclear how old this admixture could be. All individuals included in our sample were characterized as ethnically Russian, and inhabited the area where the sample was collected for at least three maternal generations. Currently, due to geographical and sociological peculiarities, the Russian population of the Oshevensk settlement can be considered an isolate. The southern part of the Arkhangelsk region, where the Oshevensk settlement is situated, does not have immediate contact with Saami populations. So, a recent admixture seems to be less probable than an earlier admixture during the peopling of northern areas by Slavonic groups.
...
In comparison to frequencies of cluster M in Belorussians and the northern Russian population, the frequency of cluster M in Russians (Bashkiria) is notably but not dramatically increased (five sequences). Although we collected samples from individuals who are ethnically Russian for at least three generations, we cannot exclude the possibility of some admixture with neighboring Asian populations characterized by high frequencies of the cluster M.
...
Conclusions. As follows from the above discussion, three eastern Slav samples considered in total demonstrate mtDNA variations that are very close to variations found in the European population as a whole. MtDNA haplotypes are similar to those found in Western and Central European populations. Nevertheless, the comparison of Slavonic samples of different ethnic and geographic origins reveals the complicated structure of the mitochondrial gene pool in this area. This structure could reflect traces of female admixture between Slavonic and pre-Slavonic groups—in particular, Finno-Ugric tribes—during a colonization of northern Eastern Europe by Slavs. In this sense our data are in agreement with those from previous studies of Slavonic mtDNA (Malyarchuk and Derenko 2001) and a hybridization theory of the origin of Eastern Slavs (Alekseeva 1973), which imply their central European origin and subsequent admixture and assimilation of pre-Slavonic populations of Eastern Europe. This study also revealed no or low Mongoloid admixture in the mitochondrial gene pool of Eastern Slavs. However, the analysis of maternally inherited mtDNA could not effectively reveal the influence of Mongoloid migrations, since they included mostly male individuals. Haplogroup distribution in Belorussians and northern Russians has more similarity to that in northern European populations than in eastern Russian populations. The Russian (Bashkiria) population differs from the two other samples in the representation of several clusters, namely, HV, V, K, T. Besides the local admixture and assimilation of pre-Slavonic groups, this difference could support an existing opinion that Russian migrants of different geographic origin were involved in the processes of colonizing the northern and eastern parts of the Russian Plain. More detailed studies of Eastern European mtDNA variations, complemented by analysis of Y-chromosome loci, will allow revelation of some tendencies, which could reflect the main aspects of European gene pool formation.
http://dienekes.50webs.com/blog/archives/2003_12.html
I hope this puts a end to some of the misconceptions with regards to Ruskies around here.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism was examined in three Russian populations from the European part of Russia (Stavropol krai, Orel oblast, and Saratov oblast). This analysis showed that mitochondrial gene pool of Russians was represented by the mtDNA types belonging to haplogroups H, V, HV*, J, T, U, K, I, W, and X. A mongoloid admixture (1.5%) was revealed in the form of mtDNA types of macrohaplogroup M. Comparative analysis of the mtDNA haplogroup frequency distribution patterns in six Russian populations from the European part of Russia indicated the absence of substantial genetic differences between them. However, in Russian populations from the southern and central regions the frequency of haplogroup V (average frequency 8%) was higher than in the populations from more northern regions. Based on the data on mtDNA HVS1 sequence variation, it was shown that the diversity of haplogroup V in Russians (h = 0.72) corresponded to the highest h values observed in Europe. The reasons for genetic differentiation of the Russian population (historical, ecological, and adaptive) are discussed.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12500679
Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan 685000, Russia.
The genetic composition of the Russian population was investigated by analyzing both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome loci polymorphisms that allow for the different components of a population gene pool to be studied, depending on the mode of DNA marker inheritance. mtDNA sequence variation was examined by using hypervariable segment I (HVSI) sequencing and restriction analysis of the haplogroup-specific sites in 325 individuals representing 5 Russian populations from the European part of Russia. The Y-chromosome variation was investigated in 338 individuals from 8 Russian populations (including 5 populations analyzed for mtDNA variation) using 12 binary markers. For both uniparental systems most of the observed haplogroups fell into major West Eurasian haplogroups (97.9% and 99.7% for mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplogroups, respectively). Multidimensional scaling analysis based on pairwise F(ST) values between mtDNA HVSI sequences in Russians compared to other European populations revealed a considerable heterogeneity of Russian populations; populations from the southern and western parts of Russia are separated from eastern and northern populations. Meanwhile, the multidimensional scaling analysis based on Y-chromosome haplogroup F(ST) values demonstrates that the Russian gene pool is close to central-eastern European populations, with a much higher similarity to the Baltic and Finno-Ugric male pools from northern European Russia. This discrepancy in the depth of penetration of mtDNA and Y-chromosome lineages characteristic for the most southwestern Russian populations into the east and north of eastern Europe appears to indicate that Russian colonization of the northeastern territories might have been accomplished mainly by males rather than by females.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15974299
There are a couple of other interesting studies there on the same subject too. I can't see any issues with these ones other than a small(ish) sample size.
Also;
Human Biology 75.5 (2003) 647-660
Mitochondrial DNA Variations in Russian and Belorussian Populations
Olga Belyaeva et al.
Abstract
The sequence of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was determined in 251 individuals from three eastern Slavonic populations, two Russian and one Belorussian. Within HVS-I, 78 polymorphic positions were revealed. Within-population diversity of HVS-I varies slightly among three samples; its estimates do not differ strongly from those for European populations. Haplotype diversity for three populations calculated in this study is 0.949; mean pairwise differences estimate is 3.59. To assign mtDNA sequences to major phylogenetic clusters, haplogroup-specific restriction polymorphisms were selectively typed in most samples. The haplogroup distribution in the total Eastern Slavonic sample is similar to that reported for the European sample. However, the separate consideration of three Slavonic samples reveals the complicated structure of the mitochondrial gene pool in the Eastern European area. Data of this study support the proposed model of the origin of modern Eastern Slavs, which implies the admixture of ancient Slavonic tribes with pre-Slavonic populations of Eastern Europe. These data should contribute to general studies of mitochondrial DNA variations in Europe.
...
The presence of the U5b1 subcluster in the northern Russian population should also be noted. U5b1 sequences in Russians were also reported by Malyarchuk et al. (2002). This subcluster was described as specific for the Saami population (Lahermo et al. 1996). Its presence in the Russian (Oshevensk) sample seems to reflect an admixture of a Finno-Ugric component, but it is unclear how old this admixture could be. All individuals included in our sample were characterized as ethnically Russian, and inhabited the area where the sample was collected for at least three maternal generations. Currently, due to geographical and sociological peculiarities, the Russian population of the Oshevensk settlement can be considered an isolate. The southern part of the Arkhangelsk region, where the Oshevensk settlement is situated, does not have immediate contact with Saami populations. So, a recent admixture seems to be less probable than an earlier admixture during the peopling of northern areas by Slavonic groups.
...
In comparison to frequencies of cluster M in Belorussians and the northern Russian population, the frequency of cluster M in Russians (Bashkiria) is notably but not dramatically increased (five sequences). Although we collected samples from individuals who are ethnically Russian for at least three generations, we cannot exclude the possibility of some admixture with neighboring Asian populations characterized by high frequencies of the cluster M.
...
Conclusions. As follows from the above discussion, three eastern Slav samples considered in total demonstrate mtDNA variations that are very close to variations found in the European population as a whole. MtDNA haplotypes are similar to those found in Western and Central European populations. Nevertheless, the comparison of Slavonic samples of different ethnic and geographic origins reveals the complicated structure of the mitochondrial gene pool in this area. This structure could reflect traces of female admixture between Slavonic and pre-Slavonic groups—in particular, Finno-Ugric tribes—during a colonization of northern Eastern Europe by Slavs. In this sense our data are in agreement with those from previous studies of Slavonic mtDNA (Malyarchuk and Derenko 2001) and a hybridization theory of the origin of Eastern Slavs (Alekseeva 1973), which imply their central European origin and subsequent admixture and assimilation of pre-Slavonic populations of Eastern Europe. This study also revealed no or low Mongoloid admixture in the mitochondrial gene pool of Eastern Slavs. However, the analysis of maternally inherited mtDNA could not effectively reveal the influence of Mongoloid migrations, since they included mostly male individuals. Haplogroup distribution in Belorussians and northern Russians has more similarity to that in northern European populations than in eastern Russian populations. The Russian (Bashkiria) population differs from the two other samples in the representation of several clusters, namely, HV, V, K, T. Besides the local admixture and assimilation of pre-Slavonic groups, this difference could support an existing opinion that Russian migrants of different geographic origin were involved in the processes of colonizing the northern and eastern parts of the Russian Plain. More detailed studies of Eastern European mtDNA variations, complemented by analysis of Y-chromosome loci, will allow revelation of some tendencies, which could reflect the main aspects of European gene pool formation.
http://dienekes.50webs.com/blog/archives/2003_12.html
I hope this puts a end to some of the misconceptions with regards to Ruskies around here.