Y-DNA of ethnic Poles from Greater Poland (West-Central Poland)

[Peterski]

http://s17.postimg.org/5nh3mwrpb/Greater_Poland.png

For more details, check this 2013 paper (15 page long PDF document):

http://www.amsik.pl/archiwum/3_2013/3_13d.pdf

Table I. (page 2) - Information about the Y-SNPs, the nucleotide polymorphism and amplicon size.

Table II. (pages 3 - 10) - 17 Y-STR haplotypes for the Greater Poland population, haplogroups and frequency.

Table III. (page 11) - Allele frequencies at 17 Y-STRs in the Greater Poland population.

Table IV. (page 12) - Haplotypes and frequencies obtained by using 8 Y-SNPs in the Greater Poland population.

Table V. (page 13) - Frequencies of the alleles and haplotype diversity/discrimination indices by using of 8 Y-SNPs in the Greater Poland population.

Table VI. (page 13) - The repeated Y-STR haplotypes (Ht); the haplotypes obtained by using the markers Y-SNPs and their frequencies in the population of the Greater Poland region.

Table VII. (page 14) - AMOVA pairwise distances based on Ost values between the East and South Croatian, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russian and Polish populations.

============================

And here is the summary of results (from pages 10 and continuation on page 14):

R1a1-SRY 1532.2 (n = 119; 59%)
K-M9 (n = 38; 19%)
R1b1-M467 (n = 30; 15%)
IJ-P123, P125 (n = 8; 4%, n = 6; 3%)

But the study is from 2013 so these names for markers are probably outdated).

============================

Can you tell me what is this K-M9 haplogroup, which is present among as many as 19% of Greater Poles ???

The remaining haplogroups also recquire "translation" to modern terms and a breakdown for subclades...

[Peterski]

Maybe someone is able to guess what were those K-M9 people basing on data provided in Tables I. - VII. ???

Anyway, this paper found 15% (30 out of 201) R1b in Greater Poland. Plus further 19% K-M9 (some of which can be R1b, AFAIK).

So Eupedia's map for R1b needs to be modified, because it shows only 5% - 10% of R1b in Greater Poland:

http://cache.eupedia.com/images/content/Haplogroup_R1b_World.png

http://cache.eupedia.com/images/content/Haplogroup_R1b_World.png

Compare that map above with the location of Greater Poland Voivodeship (from which these 201 samples were collected):

http://s7.postimg.org/815xm8rt5/Greater_Poland_3.png

http://s7.postimg.org/815xm8rt5/Greater_Poland_3.png

There is more than 5% - 10% of R1b in this region. According to this paper, at least 15% (30 out of 201), plus maybe K-M9.

Basing on SNPs from this website:

http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpR.html

It seems that some of this K-M9 may turn out to be for example R1b-U106(xM467), R1b-P312 and R1b-L23(xP312,U106).

[Peterski]

There is generally a huge scarcity of data from Greater Poland. This is the only paper on Y-DNA among Greater Poles that I am aware of, so far. And Greater Poland is an important region as it was the cradle of Polish Kingdom, and two historical capital cities of Poland are located here (Poznań and Gniezno).

Yet for some reason in most studies samples from Poland are not being collected in this region but in other areas (strange). In this study, however, we have a huge sample of 201 men from this crucial region!

[Peterski]

I started to search for more papers on Polish Y-DNA. I found for example this:

https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=267630

http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(13)00249-4/fulltext

https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.elsevier-4551ffc8-6f3d-3e77-9672-bb40d3ccaebf


The objective of the research was to provide a comprehensive database of autosomal microsatellite loci included in AmpFlSTR NGM PCR kit for a population of Poland considering possible genetic differentiation of a forensic interest. Fifteen STR markers were analyzed in 2041 unrelated individuals residing in eight geographically different regions [of Poland].

And also:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15749370


Population genetic data for the 15 STRs included in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit were obtained from a sample of 168 unrelated individuals of the ethnic group of Polish Tatars residing in the Northeastern Poland. Significant differences revealed in relation to the autochthonous Poles by using R x C test as well as F(ST) and F(IS) estimates suggest that the ethnic group of Polish Tatars is a distinct genetic community.

And also:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16221537


Allele frequencies for 10 STRs included in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit were determined in a population sample of 668 unrelated individuals living in western Poland.

Here from the Lodz Region (which is also under-represented in most studies)!

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23760603


The paper is focused on population data for 15 polymorphic STR loci included in the NGM(TM) amplification kit, obtained from a sample of 800 individuals from the Lodz region of Poland.

===========================

And here many more similar papers:

http://150.254.179.40/cgi-bin/expertus.cgi?KAT=%2Fhome%2Fusers%2Fsplendor%2Fpub% 2Fpar%2F&FST=data.fst&FDT=data.fdt&ekran=ISO&lnkmsk=2&cond=AND&mask=2&F_00=02&V_00=Abreu-G%B3owacka+Monica+

[Peterski]

I think a clarification of meaning is needed, because some people might be confused.

Greater Poland (Polonia Maior) is not like "Greater Germany". It is a historical region which is only part of Poland:


Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska [vjɛlkɔˈpɔlska] ( listen) (German: Großpolen; Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.

And these 201 samples are from Greater Poland Voivodeship - which is this area here:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Polska_podzia%C5%82_admin_wiekopolskie.svg/250px-Polska_podzia%C5%82_admin_wiekopolskie.svg.png

This area is not equal to entire historical Greater Poland, but is roughly its main core.

[Peterski]

Greater Poland = the Oldest part of Poland = Polonia Maior:


Greater Poland formed the heart of the 10th-century early Polish state, sometimes being called the "cradle of Poland". Poznań and Gniezno were early centres of royal power (...) Because Greater Poland was the settlement area of the Polans and the core of the early Polish state, the region was at times simply called "Poland" (Latin Polonia). The more specific name is first recorded in the Latin form Polonia Maior in 1257, and in Polish ("w Wielkej Polszcze") in 1449. Its original meaning was the Older Poland, as opposed to Lesser Poland (Polish Małopolska, Latin Polonia Minor), a region in south-eastern Poland with its capital at Kraków which became the main center of the state later.

Greater Poland comprises much of the area drained by the Warta River and its tributaries, including the Noteć River. The region is distinguished from Lesser Poland with the lowland landscape, and from both Lesser Poland and Mazovia with its numerous lakes. In the strict meaning, Wielkopolska covers an area of about 33,000 square kilometres (13,000 sq mi), and has a population of 3.5 million. In the wider sense, it has almost 60,000 square kilometres (23,000 sq mi), and 7 million inhabitants.

The region's main metropolis is Poznań, near the centre of the region, on the Warta. Other cities are Kalisz to the south-east, Konin to the east, Piła to the north, Ostrów Wielkopolski to the south-east, Gniezno to the north-east, and Leszno to the south-west. In the wider sense, it comprises also another big metropolis of Łódź (along with Zgierz and Pabianice) and lesser of Bydgoszcz, as well as cities of Włocławek, Piotrków Trybunalski, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Bełchatów, Inowrocław and Sieradz.

[Peterski]

K-M9 samples from this study in Table II.:

Table II. (pages 3 - 10) - 17 Y-STR haplotypes for the Greater Poland population, haplogroups and frequency.

http://s12.postimg.org/yfo6lc7wt/K_M9_samples.png