Yuffayur
06-25-2015, 01:37 PM
Phylogeographic refinement and large scale genotyping of human Y chromosome haplogroup E provide new insights into the dispersal of early pastoralists in the African continent.
http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/06/23/gbe.evv118.abstract
Haplogroup E, defined by mutation M40, is the most common human Y chromosome clade within Africa. To increase the level of resolution of haplogroup E, we disclosed the phylogenetic relationships among 729 mutations found in 33 haplogroup DE Y-chromosomes sequenced at high coverage in previous studies. Additionally, we dissected the E-M35 subclade by genotyping 62 informative markers in 5,222 samples from 118 worldwide populations. The phylogeny of haplogroup E showed novel features compared to the previous topology, including a new basal dichotomy. Within haplogroup E-M35, we resolved all the previously known polytomies and assigned all the E-M35* chromosomes to 5 new different clades, all belonging to a newly identified subhaplogroup (E-V1515), which Accounts for almost half of the E-M35 chromosomes from the Horn of Africa. Moreover, using a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis and a SNP-based approach we localized and dated the origin of this new lineage in the northern part of the Horn, about 12 kya. Time frames, phylogenetic structuring and socio-geographic distribution of E-V1515 and its subclades are consistent with a multi-step demic spread of pastoralism within north-eastern Africa and its subsequent diffusion to sub-equatorial areas. In addition, our results increase the discriminative power of the E-M35 haplogroup for use in forensic genetics through the identification of new ancestry-informative markers.
New tree
https://scontent-ams3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xfp1/v/t1.0-9/11659242_10204814139774943_133280749437987285_n.jp g?oh=9d4bb2be1c3741baf133bcb060561d95&oe=561E7ABB
Some new ages:
DE = 69 - 69.8kya
E= 57.4 - 58.1kya
E-M33 (E1a) = 21.5 - 22.1 kya
E-M2 (E1b1a1) = 14.7 - 15.3 kya
E-M81 (E1b1b1b) = 24.1 - 25 kya
E-M34 = 20.1 - 20.7 kya
E-V65= 13.3 - 16.8 kya
E-V13 = 6.1 - 8.1 kya
E-V22 = 8 - 8.1 kya
E-V12 / E-V32 = 8.9 - 12.6 kya
New names:
https://scontent-ams3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xfp1/v/t1.0-9/s261x260/11027519_10204814214376808_5437510758161048720_n.j pg?oh=7d7376a9079232e2e59088c52a6d1c77&oe=55EF801B
http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/06/23/gbe.evv118.abstract
Haplogroup E, defined by mutation M40, is the most common human Y chromosome clade within Africa. To increase the level of resolution of haplogroup E, we disclosed the phylogenetic relationships among 729 mutations found in 33 haplogroup DE Y-chromosomes sequenced at high coverage in previous studies. Additionally, we dissected the E-M35 subclade by genotyping 62 informative markers in 5,222 samples from 118 worldwide populations. The phylogeny of haplogroup E showed novel features compared to the previous topology, including a new basal dichotomy. Within haplogroup E-M35, we resolved all the previously known polytomies and assigned all the E-M35* chromosomes to 5 new different clades, all belonging to a newly identified subhaplogroup (E-V1515), which Accounts for almost half of the E-M35 chromosomes from the Horn of Africa. Moreover, using a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis and a SNP-based approach we localized and dated the origin of this new lineage in the northern part of the Horn, about 12 kya. Time frames, phylogenetic structuring and socio-geographic distribution of E-V1515 and its subclades are consistent with a multi-step demic spread of pastoralism within north-eastern Africa and its subsequent diffusion to sub-equatorial areas. In addition, our results increase the discriminative power of the E-M35 haplogroup for use in forensic genetics through the identification of new ancestry-informative markers.
New tree
https://scontent-ams3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xfp1/v/t1.0-9/11659242_10204814139774943_133280749437987285_n.jp g?oh=9d4bb2be1c3741baf133bcb060561d95&oe=561E7ABB
Some new ages:
DE = 69 - 69.8kya
E= 57.4 - 58.1kya
E-M33 (E1a) = 21.5 - 22.1 kya
E-M2 (E1b1a1) = 14.7 - 15.3 kya
E-M81 (E1b1b1b) = 24.1 - 25 kya
E-M34 = 20.1 - 20.7 kya
E-V65= 13.3 - 16.8 kya
E-V13 = 6.1 - 8.1 kya
E-V22 = 8 - 8.1 kya
E-V12 / E-V32 = 8.9 - 12.6 kya
New names:
https://scontent-ams3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xfp1/v/t1.0-9/s261x260/11027519_10204814214376808_5437510758161048720_n.j pg?oh=7d7376a9079232e2e59088c52a6d1c77&oe=55EF801B