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08-24-2016, 02:25 AM
I am not publishing the results of these two studies to argue to Sicilians aren’t white. They do have an above average amount of black DNA, but so do all white people. All Caucausian peoples have small amounts of both African and Asian blood.
Whites are in fact the most “versatile” race. For instance, there are whites who have curly hair like blacks, straight hair like Orientals and everything in between. Whites are between Africans and Asians in most qualities: IQ, athletic ability and so on.
Nor am I writing this to argue that there are no races. The fact that a poodle may have 1-10% of bulldog blood somewhere does not make him a bulldog.
As surprising as it may sound, I am writing this purely for academic reasons – to air out the truth.
Now onto the evidence.
Sicilians have 4.4% African mtDNA (maternal). But there is a lot more total African heritage.
It is likely that African DNA flow came from slaves brought into Rome who were mostly men. Sicily and southern Italy may have been the slave drop of points, and therefore would have the highest number of slaves.
I haven’t seen this proved anywhere, but it seems the most likely hypothesis based on DNA studies.
Acta Haematol. 1978;60(6):350-7.
Blood group phenotypes and the origin of sickle cell hemoglobin in Sicilians.
Sandler SG, Schiliro G, Russo A, Musumeci S, Rachmilewitz EA.
As an approach to investigating the origin of sickle cell hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) in white persons of Sicilian ancestry, two groups of native Sicilians were tested for blood group evidence of African admixture. Among 100 unrelated Sicilians, the phenotypes cDe(Rho) and Fy(a-b-), and the antigens V(hrv) and Jsa, which are considered to be African genetic markers, were detected in 12 individuals.
Among 64 individuals from 21 families with at least one known hemoglobin S carrier, African blood group markers were detected in 7 (11%).
These findings indicate that hemoglobin S is only one of multiple African genes present in contemporary Sicilian populations. The occurrence of hemoglobin S in white persons of Sicilian ancestry is considered to be a manifestation of the continuing dissemination of the original African mutation. PMID: 103355 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Immunogenetics. 2004 Jan;55(10):674-81. Epub 2003 Dec 2.
Gm and Km immunoglobulin allotypes in Sicily.
Cerutti N, Dugoujon JM, Guitard E, Rabino Massa E.
Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 17, 10123, Turin, Italy.
The presence of a typical African marker (haplotype Gm 5*;1,17;…), especially in the genetic structure of Alia and Palermo, highlights the possibility of past contacts with peoples from Africa. […] Therefore, the introduction of an African polymorphism could have been due to the Phoenician colonization or to the more recent Arab conquest of the territory (9th century A.D.). A study (Semino et al. 1989) carried out with restriction enzymes on mtDNA indicated the presence of African haplotypes (4.4%) in a sample of Sicilians. The authors hypothesized an input of genes from Africa to Sicily (estimated at about 10%) brought by Phoenician migrations.
https://ethnicgenome.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/sicilians-have-10-sub-saharan-african-dna/
Whites are in fact the most “versatile” race. For instance, there are whites who have curly hair like blacks, straight hair like Orientals and everything in between. Whites are between Africans and Asians in most qualities: IQ, athletic ability and so on.
Nor am I writing this to argue that there are no races. The fact that a poodle may have 1-10% of bulldog blood somewhere does not make him a bulldog.
As surprising as it may sound, I am writing this purely for academic reasons – to air out the truth.
Now onto the evidence.
Sicilians have 4.4% African mtDNA (maternal). But there is a lot more total African heritage.
It is likely that African DNA flow came from slaves brought into Rome who were mostly men. Sicily and southern Italy may have been the slave drop of points, and therefore would have the highest number of slaves.
I haven’t seen this proved anywhere, but it seems the most likely hypothesis based on DNA studies.
Acta Haematol. 1978;60(6):350-7.
Blood group phenotypes and the origin of sickle cell hemoglobin in Sicilians.
Sandler SG, Schiliro G, Russo A, Musumeci S, Rachmilewitz EA.
As an approach to investigating the origin of sickle cell hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) in white persons of Sicilian ancestry, two groups of native Sicilians were tested for blood group evidence of African admixture. Among 100 unrelated Sicilians, the phenotypes cDe(Rho) and Fy(a-b-), and the antigens V(hrv) and Jsa, which are considered to be African genetic markers, were detected in 12 individuals.
Among 64 individuals from 21 families with at least one known hemoglobin S carrier, African blood group markers were detected in 7 (11%).
These findings indicate that hemoglobin S is only one of multiple African genes present in contemporary Sicilian populations. The occurrence of hemoglobin S in white persons of Sicilian ancestry is considered to be a manifestation of the continuing dissemination of the original African mutation. PMID: 103355 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Immunogenetics. 2004 Jan;55(10):674-81. Epub 2003 Dec 2.
Gm and Km immunoglobulin allotypes in Sicily.
Cerutti N, Dugoujon JM, Guitard E, Rabino Massa E.
Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 17, 10123, Turin, Italy.
The presence of a typical African marker (haplotype Gm 5*;1,17;…), especially in the genetic structure of Alia and Palermo, highlights the possibility of past contacts with peoples from Africa. […] Therefore, the introduction of an African polymorphism could have been due to the Phoenician colonization or to the more recent Arab conquest of the territory (9th century A.D.). A study (Semino et al. 1989) carried out with restriction enzymes on mtDNA indicated the presence of African haplotypes (4.4%) in a sample of Sicilians. The authors hypothesized an input of genes from Africa to Sicily (estimated at about 10%) brought by Phoenician migrations.
https://ethnicgenome.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/sicilians-have-10-sub-saharan-african-dna/