XenophobicPrussian
02-10-2017, 04:05 AM
http://eurogenes.blogspot.ca/2017/02/irish-travellers.html
(although he didn't really highlight the all good stuff from this study, just giving him credit for finding this)
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep42187
I think we already knew Irish travellers were native Irish and not Roma admixed, the analysis of when they diverged from settled Irish and how inbred they are is the good stuff.
Summary:
The Irish Travellers are a population with a history of nomadism; consanguineous unions are common and they are socially isolated from the surrounding, ‘settled’ Irish people. Low-resolution genetic analysis suggests a common Irish origin between the settled and the Traveller populations. What is not known, however, is the extent of population structure within the Irish Travellers, the time of divergence from the general Irish population, or the extent of autozygosity. Using a sample of 50 Irish Travellers, 143 European Roma, 2232 settled Irish, 2039 British and 6255 European or world-wide individuals, we demonstrate evidence for population substructure within the Irish Traveller population, and estimate a time of divergence before the Great Famine of 1845–1852. We quantify the high levels of autozygosity, which are comparable to levels previously described in Orcadian 1st/2nd cousin offspring, and finally show the Irish Traveller population has no particular genetic links to the European Roma. The levels of autozygosity and distinct Irish origins have implications for disease mapping within Ireland, while the population structure and divergence inform on social history.
Background:
The Irish Travellers are a community within Ireland, consisting of between 29,000–40,000 individuals, representing 0.6% of the Irish population as a whole1. They are traditionally nomadic, moving around rural Ireland and providing seasonal labour, as well as participating in horse-trading and tin-smithing2. Since the 1950’s the need for such traditional services has declined3, and the population has become increasingly urban, with the majority living within a fixed abode1. Despite this change in lifestyle, the Traveller community remains tight-knit but also socially isolated.
There is a lack of documentary evidence informing on the history of the Irish Traveller population5,6. As a result, their origins are a source of considerable debate, with no single origin explanation being widely accepted. It has been suggested that the Irish Travellers are a hybrid population between settled Irish and Romani gypsies, due to the similarities in their nomadic lifestyle. Other, “Irish Origin”, hypothesised sources of the Irish Travellers include; displacement from times of famine (such as between 1740–1741, or the Great Famine of 1845–1852), or displacement from the time of Cromwellian (1649–53) or the Anglo-Norman conquests (1169 to 1240). The Irish Traveller population may even pre-date these events, and represent Celtic or pre-Celtic isolates4. These models of ethnogenesis are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and the Irish Traveller population may have multiple sources of origin with a shared culture.
Findings:
In order to investigate a possible Roma Gyspie origin of the Irish Travellers, we compared the Irish Travellers, and settled Irish to a dataset of Roma populations found within Europe16 using PCA and ADMIXTURE. The results broadly agree, with the Irish Travellers clustering with the settled Irish in the PCA plot, and resembling the settled Irish profile in ADMIXTURE analysis
Given the apparent structure between the Travellers and the settled Irish populations, we quantified genetic distance using Fst and “outgroup” f3 statistics. Fst analysis reveals a considerable genetic distance between the settled Irish and the Irish Traveller population (Fst = 0.0034, Table S1) which is comparable to values observed between German and Italian, or Scotland and Spain.
(they made a blunder here because this is non-sensical, their own figure shows that not to be the case and the distance is around the same from settled Irish to Orcadians, but anyway, said group of travellers, group B, group A clustered exactly with Irish, move away from any other group which indicates significant seperate genetic drift and not admixture)
In order to further investigate sub-structure within the Irish Travellers, we performed Fst analysis on the Irish Traveller PCA (n = 2) and fineStructure (n = 4) groups, comparing them to the settled Irish (see also Table S1). The individuals belonging to cluster PCA group B are considerably more genetically distant from the settled Irish (Fst = 0.0086), relative to PCA group A (Fst = 0.0036). This could be explained by distinct founder events for PCA groups A and B, or that PCA group B has experienced greater genetic drift.
There are two estimates for divergence from other Irish, the second one is supposedly more accurate.
The TF method estimates the divergence to be 40 (±2 std.dev – obtained via bootstrapping) generations. Assuming an average generation time of 30 years the TF method estimates that the divergence occurred 1200 (±60 – std.dev) years ago.
However, the isolation of the Irish Travellers will artificially increase the Fst value and consequently inflate the TF divergence estimate.
The results of the model suggest the Irish Travellers and settled Irish separation occurred 12 generations ago.
One group was 15 gens ago, the other was 10. Assuming the average of each gen is 30, that makes the average 12 number 360 and around the time of the Cromwell oppression, the later group from the 1740-1741 famine.
Personally, from what I've learned here and on other sites about how close ancient populations are to modern ones and noticing the speed of actual confirmed genetic drift from the paleolithic to the mesolithic(small genetic drift taking thousands of years), I tend to believe the 800 AD number more, not Cromwell, but I'm not the geneticist here, so listen to the people who did the research.
Consanguinity is common within the Irish Traveller population, and in this context we quantified the levels of homozygosity compared to settled Irish and world-wide populations19. We calculated the average total extent of homozygosity of each population using four categories of minimum length of Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) (1/5/10/16 Mb). Elevated ROH levels between 1 and 5 Mb are indicative of a historical smaller population size. Elevated ROH levels over 10 Mb, on the other hand, are reflective of more recent consanguinity in an individuals’ ancestry10.
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2017/170209/srep42187/images/w926/srep42187-f6.jpg
(holy fuck those Amazonians and Balochis need to chill with the cousin fucking, also, Papuans and SSAs being out-bred is very, very significant in terms of the causes of black intelligence)
As expected, the Irish Travellers present a significantly higher amount of homozygosity compared to the other outbred populations and to the European isolates the French Basque and Sardinian, which is sustained through to the larger cutoff categories of 10–16 Mb
There have also been studies showing high rates of 1st/2nd cousin marriage among the Irish Roma, which confirms this.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvXojb-lCdQ
Fyi, Irish traveller kids in British schools(don't give me the whole "I'm sure Irish traveller schools suck, there are no Irish traveller schools suck, they go to the same schools as IQ 100 British kids) have an IQ of 87.
Another fyi, being pointed out that you're inbred is not a bad thing or an insult. It means you can fix yourself(well, your ethnic group anyway, and not to an entirely clear extent).
(although he didn't really highlight the all good stuff from this study, just giving him credit for finding this)
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep42187
I think we already knew Irish travellers were native Irish and not Roma admixed, the analysis of when they diverged from settled Irish and how inbred they are is the good stuff.
Summary:
The Irish Travellers are a population with a history of nomadism; consanguineous unions are common and they are socially isolated from the surrounding, ‘settled’ Irish people. Low-resolution genetic analysis suggests a common Irish origin between the settled and the Traveller populations. What is not known, however, is the extent of population structure within the Irish Travellers, the time of divergence from the general Irish population, or the extent of autozygosity. Using a sample of 50 Irish Travellers, 143 European Roma, 2232 settled Irish, 2039 British and 6255 European or world-wide individuals, we demonstrate evidence for population substructure within the Irish Traveller population, and estimate a time of divergence before the Great Famine of 1845–1852. We quantify the high levels of autozygosity, which are comparable to levels previously described in Orcadian 1st/2nd cousin offspring, and finally show the Irish Traveller population has no particular genetic links to the European Roma. The levels of autozygosity and distinct Irish origins have implications for disease mapping within Ireland, while the population structure and divergence inform on social history.
Background:
The Irish Travellers are a community within Ireland, consisting of between 29,000–40,000 individuals, representing 0.6% of the Irish population as a whole1. They are traditionally nomadic, moving around rural Ireland and providing seasonal labour, as well as participating in horse-trading and tin-smithing2. Since the 1950’s the need for such traditional services has declined3, and the population has become increasingly urban, with the majority living within a fixed abode1. Despite this change in lifestyle, the Traveller community remains tight-knit but also socially isolated.
There is a lack of documentary evidence informing on the history of the Irish Traveller population5,6. As a result, their origins are a source of considerable debate, with no single origin explanation being widely accepted. It has been suggested that the Irish Travellers are a hybrid population between settled Irish and Romani gypsies, due to the similarities in their nomadic lifestyle. Other, “Irish Origin”, hypothesised sources of the Irish Travellers include; displacement from times of famine (such as between 1740–1741, or the Great Famine of 1845–1852), or displacement from the time of Cromwellian (1649–53) or the Anglo-Norman conquests (1169 to 1240). The Irish Traveller population may even pre-date these events, and represent Celtic or pre-Celtic isolates4. These models of ethnogenesis are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and the Irish Traveller population may have multiple sources of origin with a shared culture.
Findings:
In order to investigate a possible Roma Gyspie origin of the Irish Travellers, we compared the Irish Travellers, and settled Irish to a dataset of Roma populations found within Europe16 using PCA and ADMIXTURE. The results broadly agree, with the Irish Travellers clustering with the settled Irish in the PCA plot, and resembling the settled Irish profile in ADMIXTURE analysis
Given the apparent structure between the Travellers and the settled Irish populations, we quantified genetic distance using Fst and “outgroup” f3 statistics. Fst analysis reveals a considerable genetic distance between the settled Irish and the Irish Traveller population (Fst = 0.0034, Table S1) which is comparable to values observed between German and Italian, or Scotland and Spain.
(they made a blunder here because this is non-sensical, their own figure shows that not to be the case and the distance is around the same from settled Irish to Orcadians, but anyway, said group of travellers, group B, group A clustered exactly with Irish, move away from any other group which indicates significant seperate genetic drift and not admixture)
In order to further investigate sub-structure within the Irish Travellers, we performed Fst analysis on the Irish Traveller PCA (n = 2) and fineStructure (n = 4) groups, comparing them to the settled Irish (see also Table S1). The individuals belonging to cluster PCA group B are considerably more genetically distant from the settled Irish (Fst = 0.0086), relative to PCA group A (Fst = 0.0036). This could be explained by distinct founder events for PCA groups A and B, or that PCA group B has experienced greater genetic drift.
There are two estimates for divergence from other Irish, the second one is supposedly more accurate.
The TF method estimates the divergence to be 40 (±2 std.dev – obtained via bootstrapping) generations. Assuming an average generation time of 30 years the TF method estimates that the divergence occurred 1200 (±60 – std.dev) years ago.
However, the isolation of the Irish Travellers will artificially increase the Fst value and consequently inflate the TF divergence estimate.
The results of the model suggest the Irish Travellers and settled Irish separation occurred 12 generations ago.
One group was 15 gens ago, the other was 10. Assuming the average of each gen is 30, that makes the average 12 number 360 and around the time of the Cromwell oppression, the later group from the 1740-1741 famine.
Personally, from what I've learned here and on other sites about how close ancient populations are to modern ones and noticing the speed of actual confirmed genetic drift from the paleolithic to the mesolithic(small genetic drift taking thousands of years), I tend to believe the 800 AD number more, not Cromwell, but I'm not the geneticist here, so listen to the people who did the research.
Consanguinity is common within the Irish Traveller population, and in this context we quantified the levels of homozygosity compared to settled Irish and world-wide populations19. We calculated the average total extent of homozygosity of each population using four categories of minimum length of Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) (1/5/10/16 Mb). Elevated ROH levels between 1 and 5 Mb are indicative of a historical smaller population size. Elevated ROH levels over 10 Mb, on the other hand, are reflective of more recent consanguinity in an individuals’ ancestry10.
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2017/170209/srep42187/images/w926/srep42187-f6.jpg
(holy fuck those Amazonians and Balochis need to chill with the cousin fucking, also, Papuans and SSAs being out-bred is very, very significant in terms of the causes of black intelligence)
As expected, the Irish Travellers present a significantly higher amount of homozygosity compared to the other outbred populations and to the European isolates the French Basque and Sardinian, which is sustained through to the larger cutoff categories of 10–16 Mb
There have also been studies showing high rates of 1st/2nd cousin marriage among the Irish Roma, which confirms this.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvXojb-lCdQ
Fyi, Irish traveller kids in British schools(don't give me the whole "I'm sure Irish traveller schools suck, there are no Irish traveller schools suck, they go to the same schools as IQ 100 British kids) have an IQ of 87.
Another fyi, being pointed out that you're inbred is not a bad thing or an insult. It means you can fix yourself(well, your ethnic group anyway, and not to an entirely clear extent).