Africa's amazing human genetic diversity

[Loki]

I am astounded to read about this. The Khoisan people, for example, split off from the rest of humanity about 200,000 years ago. That's as old as Y-chromosomal Adam and Mithochondrial Eve. And in Tanzania there are a few hunter-gatherer tribes who are unrelated to any other tribe in the world, the Hadza and Sandawe. The Sandawe are said to be even more ancient than the San people, and they live not far from the Cradle of Humankind site in Tanzania. They probably lived there since the start.

I think all our earliest ancestors (except Neanderthals, Denisovans) probably looked roughly like the San still do today. The San even exhibit epicanthic folds. They have a little bit of everything.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Namibian_Bushmen_Girls.JPG/1024px-Namibian_Bushmen_Girls.JPG

[Dema]

Interesting

[Coolguy1]

So they have the Y chromosome A?

[Loki]

So they have the Y chromosome A?

Yes.

[War Chef]

So what are the Bantu in relation to the San? Cousins, brothers, etc?

[Loki]

So what are the Bantu in relation to the San? Cousins, brothers, etc?

They are not related. The Bantu migrated from West-Central Africa about 2,000 years ago to the Great Lakes area, and then further south into Southern Africa. But, along the way they absorbed some of the indigenous Khoisan people, so they have some of their genes (a minority).

[Loki]

So they have the Y chromosome A?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoisan

Various Y-chromosome studies since confirmed that the Khoisan carry some of the most divergent (oldest) Y-chromosome haplogroups. These haplogroups are specific sub-groups of haplogroups A and B, the two earliest branches on the human Y-chromosome tree.

Similar to findings from Y-Chromosome studies, mitochondrial DNA studies also showed evidence that the Khoe–San people carry high frequencies of the earliest haplogroup branches in the human mitochondrial DNA tree. The most divergent (oldest) mitochondrial haplogroup, L0d, have been identified at its highest frequencies in the southern African Khoe and San groups. The distinctiveness of the Khoisan in both matrilineal and patrilineal groupings is a further indicator that they represent a population historically distinct from other Africans.

[Taiguaitiaoghyrmmumin]

Bantus are very distant cousins but not recently related.they are older than bantus

[Sikeliot]

A large part of African diversity is due to foreign input from Arabs and whatnot. A large part of Africa (all Niger-Congo speaking people) are genetically homogenous from Ghana down to SE Africa.

[Isleño]

The irony. The world descended from Negroes. Karma people.

[Loki]

A large part of African diversity is due to foreign input from Arabs and whatnot. A large part of Africa (all Niger-Congo speaking people) are genetically homogenous from Ghana down to SE Africa.

No, that's not what I'm talking about. I mean genetic diversity within ancient groups like the Khoisan are very high.

[Isleño]

A large part of African diversity is due to foreign input from Arabs and whatnot. A large part of Africa (all Niger-Congo speaking people) are genetically homogenous from Ghana down to SE Africa.

Did you know the East Africans and North Africans have ancestors that migrated out of Africa then back to Africa after they evolved outside of Africa? North Africans are predominantly Caucasoid and East Africans are close to half Caucasoid because of it.

[Loki]

The irony. The world descended from Negroes. Karma people.

Khoisan are not negroes. Negroes are mainly confined to West Africa.

[Loki]

Did you know the East Africans and North Africans have ancestors that migrated out of Africa then back to Africa after they evolved outside of Africa? North Africans are predominantly Caucasoid and East Africans are close to half Caucasoid because of it.

You're talking about a percentage, but certainly not all East Africans.

[Isleño]

Khoisan are not negroes. Negroes are mainly confined to West Africa.

Must be my American dialect. To us, they are all Negroes.

[Isleño]

You're talking about a percentage, but certainly not all East Africans.
No, not all. But I believe, I'd have to dig the studies up, most are mulattoed to a point.

[Loki]

Must be my American dialect. To us, they are all Negroes.

lol

[Loki]

No, not all. But I believe, I'd have to dig the studies up, most are mulattoed to a point.

You'd have to dig up those studies, yes.

[Isleño]

lol
Yes, I know it's lol. In the US, we don't differentiate between blacks. We call them all Negroes, as long as they look Sub-Saharan. It is what it is.

[Numidia]

Khoisan are not negroes. Negroes are mainly confined to West Africa.

And central africa

[Isleño]

You'd have to dig up those studies, yes.

Yes, of course. I'll get back to you on that.

[Loki]

Yes, I know it's lol. In the US, we don't differentiate between blacks. We call them all Negroes, as long as they look Sub-Saharan. It is what it is.

That ignorance is probably due to the fact that most US people of African origin came from the "Slave Coast" of West Africa.

[Isleño]

That ignorance is probably due to the fact that most US people of African origin came from the "Slave Coast" of West Africa.
Yes, that's exactly why. I know better if we are to get technical, but I was speaking figuratively. In common usage in the US, all Sub-Saharans are regarded as Negroes. It does have its origins in what we were used to seeing; West African descendants.