Ancient Egyptians genetically are NOT related with Modern Egyptians, or Sub Saharan Africans.

[The Illyrian Warrior]

According to first ever whole genome analysis from ancient Egyptians mummies they were related with unknown ancient levant people and not with today Egyptians or even less Sub Saharan Africans.

Full article:
http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/genetic-study-reveals-the-surprising-ancestry-of-ancient-egyptians/

Genetic Study Reveals The Surprising Ancestry Of Ancient Egyptians

The first whole genome analysis of ancient Egyptian mummies has revealed that they were more closely related to other ancient people from the Levant, while modern Egyptians are now genetically closer to Sub-Saharan Africans. The results, published in Nature Communications, could pave the way for future genetic studies of mummies.

The researchers were interested in looking at whether or not population genetics recorded the major shifts in Egyptian demographics. Located as a gateway between two continents, and surviving for thousands of years as Caucasian, Near Eastern, and African empires were rising and falling, Egypt represents an incredible insight into the movement of cultures, ideas, and people.

“We wanted to test if the conquest of Alexander the Great and other foreign powers has left a genetic imprint on the ancient Egyptian population,” explained Verena Schuenemann, one of the lead authors of the paper. To do this, they recovered the mitochondrial genome from 90 mummies, as well as for the first time ever the entire genome of three mummies. These were then compared with the genetics of modern Egyptians, to see how they differed.

What they found was very interesting. Over the 1,300-year period that the mummies represented, the researchers found that there was no real shift in genetics, suggesting that despite successive invasions and influxes of foreign people from all over Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, the population genetics stayed surprisingly stable.

When they then looked at how the genetics of the region have changed between then and modern day, they found some significant differences. It turns out that modern Egyptians share more genetic ancestry with Sub-Saharan Africans than ancient Egyptians did, while the ancient Egyptians show a closer genetic affinity with ancient people from the Near East and the Levant.

This suggests that within the last 1,500 years or so, there has been an influx into Egypt of people from Sub-Saharan Africa. Why this has only occurred so recently is not known, but the researchers speculate that it may have something to do with increased mobility along the Nile, more migration, or even perhaps the development of the trans-Saharan slave trade that began roughly 1,300 years ago.

One of the most significant things to have come out of this study is simply the fact that they were able to extract the entire genome from ancient Egyptian mummies. “The hot Egyptian climate, the high humidity levels in many tombs and some of the chemicals used in mummification techniques, contribute to DNA degradation and are thought to make the long-term survival of DNA in Egyptian mummies unlikely,” said Johannes Krause, co-author of the study.

Yet the researchers were able to extract enough DNA to do a full genetic analysis, and this could open the door for more studies in the future.

Afrocentrists head will blow up after this revelation.

[Shahqulu]

The problem is that Levant has significant SSA ancestry too, it's 10% in Palestine.

[Cristiano viejo]

Egyptian is committing suicide right now.

[Kamal900]

Lol, today's Egyptians cluster the closest to the neolithic and bronze age Levantines, and what makes them distinct from their ancient ancestors is just the SSA admixture, that's all:


We find that ancient Egyptians are most closely related to Neolithic and Bronze Age samples in the Levant, as well as to Neolithic Anatolian and European populations (Fig. 5a,b). When comparing this pattern with modern Egyptians, we find that the ancient Egyptians are more closely related to all modern and ancient European populations that we tested (Fig. 5b), likely due to the additional African component in the modern population observed above. By computing f3-statistics38, we determined whether modern Egyptians could be modelled as a mixture of ancient Egyptian and other populations.
http://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?211796-Ancient-Egyptian-mummy-genomes-(Schuenemann-et-al-2017)

[gold_fenix]

And what group Do copts cluster ?

[Kamal900]

And what group Do copts cluster ?

Southern Levantines, Arabians and other Egyptians.

[Kamal900]

The problem is that Levant has significant SSA ancestry too, it's 10% in Palestine.

8%.

[Linebacker]

This has never been discussed on this forum before,props for the fresh topics.

[Shahqulu]

8%.
O-kaaay. :rolleyes:

[Shahqulu]

I'm sorry. I think I have misinformed our forum members saying Palestinians were %10 SSA. They have only 8% SSA. My bad.

[The Illyrian Warrior]

The problem is that Levant has significant SSA ancestry too, it's 10% in Palestine.

SSA tend to be a recent arrival, Neolithic or Bronze age levant genetic make up was different from present, and that difference being lack of SSA before.

[Kamal900]

SSA tend to be a recent arrival, Neolithic or Bronze age levant genetic make up was different from present, and that difference being lack of SSA before.

Yeah, but they still cluster with these ancient peoples. The Levantine genetic structure was largely changed during the late bronze age and iron age periods where migrants from Anatolia and etc began moving into the Levant and mixed with the peoples there which made them more northern.

[The Illyrian Warrior]

Yeah, but they still cluster with these ancient peoples. The Levantine genetic structure was largely changed during the late bronze age and iron age periods where migrants from Anatolia and etc began moving into the Levant and mixed with the peoples there which made them more northern.

Ofc, since majority of today levantines genes are made up of ancient levant with additionally Anatolian and more recently SSA admixture.....Ancient Egyptians were so to say pure levantine with no alteration from north or south but much closer related with south Europeans than neighboring Sudan because of Neolithic link apparently.

[Kamal900]

Ofc, since majority of today levantines genes are made up of ancient levant with additionally Anatolian and more recently SSA admixture.....Ancient Egyptians were so to say pure levantine with no alteration from north or south but much closer related with south Europeans than neighboring Sudan because of Neolithic link apparently.

Pretty much, yes.

[Lucas]

The problem is that Levant has significant SSA ancestry too, it's 10% in Palestine.

Modern... Not ancient

[Voskos]

According to first ever whole genome analysis from ancient Egyptians mummies they were related with unknown ancient levant people and not with today Egyptians or even less Sub Saharan Africans.

Full article:
http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/genetic-study-reveals-the-surprising-ancestry-of-ancient-egyptians/


Afrocentrists head will blow up after this revelation.

your title is misleading. the ancientdna analyzed was closer to modern egypt than to europeans, jews and druze

[Grab the Gauge]

Just another case of the modern claimants of a culture having nothing to do with the original founding stock of that culture. Italians and Greeks, you are next.

[Hashoeva]

the topic title is false. modern egyptians are related to the ancient egyptians. just it seems they have more SSA admixture based on those 3 mummies they tested. but you cant conclude on only 3 mummies how the genes of all other ancient egyptians looked like. out of those 3 mummies tested, only 1 mummy had a semitic / hamitic haplogroup (e-v22), the other 2 mummies were haplogroup J which is a non-semitic caucasus / iran haplogroup.

[Numidia]

Ancient egyptians were close to ancient cushites who received much more ssa

[The Illyrian Warrior]

your title is misleading. the ancientdna analyzed was closer to modern egypt than to europeans, jews and druze


The first whole genome analysis of ancient Egyptian mummies has revealed that they were more closely related to other ancient people from the Levant, while modern Egyptians are now genetically closer to Sub-Saharan Africans.

Not related with modern egyptians in a sense that arab conquest altered genetic structure so much that ancient egyptians can be counted out as direct ancestors of modern egyptians, in other words when egypt muslim conquest did happen SSA made an entrance through arabs something which has been negligible in ancient levantines or egyptians samples.

[Taiguaitiaoghyrmmumin]

Wow so lebanese were ancient egyptians. im guessing there will be another wave of proto vikings in the mix.

[MercifulServant]

Just another case of the modern claimants of a culture having nothing to do with the original founding stock of that culture. Italians and Greeks, you are next.

Stupid monkey, Genetic studies have concluded that greeks are indead related to there ancient ancestors.

[Maguzanci]

Wow so lebanese were ancient egyptians. im guessing there will be another wave of proto vikings in the mix.

Levantines must be so proud to be ancient Egyptian forefathers now lol.

[Isleño]

The ancient Egyptians are related to modern Egyptians, actually they are their ancestors. It’s just modern Egyptians picked up 8% more SSA in the last 750 years largely due to the Arab slave trade, so on a PCA, that extra SSA is pulling them away a bit. But modern Egyptians have all their haplogroups and show genetic continuity with the ancient Egyptians.

[Isleño]

Levantines must be so proud to be ancient Egyptian forefathers now lol.

Well actually the ancient Egyptians descend from the West Eurasian back migration population that flowed into Africa via Northeast Africa, starting 45,000 years ago in the Paleolithic through to the Neolithic. The haplogroups U6, M1, R0 T and others, have African migrated subclades among the mtDNA of ancient and modern Egyptians.

[AtlantoMediterranean]

..."It turns out that modern Egyptians share more genetic ancestry with Sub-Saharan Africans than ancient Egyptians did, while the ancient Egyptians show a closer genetic affinity with ancient people from the Near East and the Levant."...

What is the modern population closest to the ancient Egyptians ?
(And I clarify my question, not the modern population closest to the ancient Levantines because the case below is quite possible.)

https://zupimages.net/up/18/18/4ezx.png (http://zupimages.net/viewer.php?id=18/18/4ezx.png)

[sailormoon]

African ancestry in the ancient Egyptians ranges from 6 to 15%, and in the modern samples from 14 to 21%, according to Schuenemann et al. (2017). The difference is 6-8%, which could be due to the high social status of the three ancient samples, while the authors presumed that the additional African component was added to the modern Egyptian population. They only analysed mummified remains and the burials excavated are likely to belong exclusively to a group of prosperous inhabitants in the ancient community in Abusir el-Meleq, who are mostly high-ranking officials of the Old Kingdom.



We used outgroup f3-statistics38 (Fig. 5a,b) for the ancient and modern Egyptians to measure shared genetic drift with other ancient and modern populations, using Mbuti as outgroup. We find that ancient Egyptians are most closely related to Neolithic and Bronze Age samples in the Levant, as well as to Neolithic Anatolian and European populations (Fig. 5a,b). When comparing this pattern with modern Egyptians, we find that the ancient Egyptians are more closely related to all modern and ancient European populations that we tested (Fig. 5b), likely due to the additional African component in the modern population observed above. By computing f3-statistics38, we determined whether modern Egyptians could be modelled as a mixture of ancient Egyptian and other populations. Our results point towards sub-Saharan African populations as the missing component (Fig. 5c), confirming the results of the ADMIXTURE analysis. We replicated the results based on f3-statistics using only the least contaminated sample (with <1% contamination estimate) and find very similar results (Supplementary Fig. 5), confirming that the moderate levels of modern DNA contamination in two of our samples did not affect our analyses.

Finally, we used two methods to estimate the fractions of sub-Saharan African ancestry in ancient and modern Egyptians. Both qpAdm35 and the f4-ratio test39 reveal that modern Egyptians inherit 8% more ancestry from African ancestors than the three ancient Egyptians do, which is also consistent with the ADMIXTURE results discussed above. Absolute estimates of African ancestry using these two methods in the three ancient individuals range from 6 to 15%, and in the modern samples from 14 to 21% depending on method and choice of reference populations (see Supplementary Note 1, Supplementary Fig. 6, Supplementary Tables 5–8).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5459999/

[Friends of Oliver Society]

The OP is a half wit. What he claims the article states is the opposite of what the article states.

[Ajeje Brazorf]

JK2888 Egypt 97-2 BC
1 Egyptian_Kafar_Sheikh @ 5.390481

JK2911 Egypt 769-560 BC
1 Egyptian_Tanta @ 8.967162

[Isleño]

JK2888 Egypt 97-2 BC
1 Egyptian_Kafar_Sheikh @ 5.390481

JK2911 Egypt 769-560 BC
1 Egyptian_Tanta @ 8.967162
Also, here’s the paternal and maternal haplogroups of the three genome-wide tested mummies from Shuenemann et al. 2017:

JK2134
Pre-Ptolemaic 776BC-569BC

Y-chromosome - J1a2a2-z2329
X-chromosome - J1d

JK2911
Pre-Ptolemaic 769BC-560BC

Y-chromosome - J2b1-PF7314
X-chromosome - M1a1

JK2888
Ptolemaic 97BC-2BC

Y-chromosome - E1b1b1a1b2-V22
X-chromosome - U6a2

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Also, here’s the paternal and maternal haplogroups of the three genome-wide tested mummies from Shuenemann et al. 2017:

JK2134
Pre-Ptolemaic 776BC-569BC

Y-chromosome - J1a2a2-z2329
X-chromosome - J1d

JK2911
Pre-Ptolemaic 769BC-560BC

Y-chromosome - J2b1-PF7314
X-chromosome - M1a1

JK2888
Ptolemaic 97BC-2BC

Y-chromosome - E1b1b1a1b2-V22
X-chromosome - U6a2

Thank you for sharing it.
I think however, that these too late and low quality samples do not say much about ancient Egyptians. The title of this thread is idiotic, because obviously they were related to modern Egyptians.

[Isleño]

Thank you for sharing it.
I think however, that these too late and low quality samples do not say much about ancient Egyptians. The title of this thread is idiotic, because obviously they were related to modern Egyptians.

What makes you say they are low quality samples? These were the best samples chosen out of out of 151 mummies, of which 90 were chosen as the best out of the 151. These were the best three. How did you come to that conclusion?

These results speak volumes about the ancient Egyptians.

And I agree, the title is stupid. Obviously the results show relation to modern Egyptians, but pull slightly away from modern Egyptians due to the 8% more Sub-Saharan in modern Egyptians.

[Peterski]

Except that they are.