highest West-med ever seen

[Ibericus]

This Sardinian guy scores close to 90% West-Med (when the average for Sardinian sample is 48%). There is no close populations to him, the closest are Sardinians at a distance of 42.46 :

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 88.62
2 North_Sea 5.8
3 East_Med 3.97
4 Oceanian 0.73
5 Southeast_Asian 0.37
6 South_Asian 0.27
7 Red_Sea 0.24

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Sardinian 42.46
2 Moroccan 65.52
3 North_Italian 66
4 Spanish_Cantabria 66.05
5 Spanish_Andalucia 66.12
6 Mozabite_Berber 66.25
7 Spanish_Galicia 66.37
8 Portuguese 66.67
9 Southwest_French 66.99
10 Spanish_Extremadura 67.07
11 Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha 67.34
12 Spanish_Aragon 67.36
13 Tuscan 67.39
14 Algerian 67.76
15 Spanish_Valencia 67.79
16 Spanish_Murcia 68.06
17 Spanish_Castilla_Y_Leon 68.15
18 Spanish_Cataluna 68.35
19 Greek_Thessaly 68.96
20 Tunisian 69.44

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 100% Sardinian + 0% Abhkasian @ 42.46
2 100% Sardinian + 0% Adygei @ 42.46
3 100% Sardinian + 0% Afghan_Hazara @ 42.46
4 100% Sardinian + 0% Afghan_Pashtun @ 42.46

[Hadouken]

oha lol

can you show his eurogenes k13 and putndnal k13 global pleasee

[Iloko]

Oooooo interesting! I wonder what his phenotype might look like.

[Ibericus]

oha lol

can you show his eurogenes k13 and putndnal k13 global pleasee

Eurogenes K13


# Population Percent
1 West_Med 86.63
2 East_Med 9.11
3 North_Atlantic 2.21
4 Oceanian 0.63
5 East_Asian 0.59
6 Red_Sea 0.39
7 South_Asian 0.27
8 Northeast_African 0.12
9 West_Asian 0.07

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Sardinian 37.53
2 Spanish_Andalucia 61.74
3 Moroccan 61.92
4 North_Italian 62.53
5 Southwest_French 62.68
6 Spanish_Cantabria 63.06
7 Mozabite_Berber 63.06
8 Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha 63.12
9 Spanish_Aragon 63.28
10 Spanish_Extremadura 63.33
11 Tuscan 63.38
12 West_Sicilian 63.54
13 Spanish_Valencia 63.68
14 French_Basque 63.8
15 South_Italian 63.87
16 Spanish_Galicia 64.14
17 Algerian_Jewish 64.14
18 Algerian 64.6
19 Spanish_Murcia 64.61
20 East_Sicilian 64.77

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 100% Sardinian + 0% Abhkasian @ 37.53
2 100% Sardinian + 0% Adygei @ 37.53
3 100% Sardinian + 0% Afghan_Pashtun @ 37.53
4 100% Sardinian + 0% Afghan_Tadjik @ 37.53


puntdnal k13

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SW_Europe 61.65
2 NE_Europe 14.55
3 SW_Asia 12.5
4 West_Asia 8.56
5 NE_Asia 1.11
6 Oceania 0.77
7 SE_Asia 0.5
8 East_Africa 0.37

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Italian_Bergamo 23.06
2 French_Basque 23.29
3 Spaniard 23.42
4 Italian_Tuscan 24.47
5 Italian_Abruzzo 24.67
6 Italian_Sicilian 25.93
7 Ashkenazy_Jew 27
8 Albanian 27.2
9 Greek_Thessaly 27.39
10 Sephardic_Jew 27.78
11 Kosovar 28.02
12 Greek_Central 28.69
13 Macedonian 30.6
14 Puerto_Rican 30.67
15 Bulgarian 31.43
16 French 32.97
17 Montenegrin 33.79
18 Romanian 34.47
19 Cypriot 34.6
20 Serbian 34.65

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 72.1% French_Basque + 27.9% Samaritan_Jew @ 17.23
2 66.7% French_Basque + 33.3% Mozabite @ 17.32
3 65.8% French_Basque + 34.2% Cypriot @ 17.34
4 72.9% French_Basque + 27.1% Egyptian_Copts @ 17.56
5 68.7% French_Basque + 31.3% Moroccan @ 17.77
6 58.7% French_Basque + 41.3% Sephardic_Jew @ 17.81
7 66.7% French_Basque + 33.3% Tunisian @ 17.97
8 69.1% French_Basque + 30.9% Saharawi @ 17.99
9 71.4% French_Basque + 28.6% Lebanese_Christian @ 18.15
10 68.1% French_Basque + 31.9% Algerian @ 18.16
11 56% French_Basque + 44% Italian_Sicilian @ 18.22
12 72.4% French_Basque + 27.6% Jordanian @ 18.35
13 74.5% French_Basque + 25.5% Egyptian @ 18.45
14 74% French_Basque + 26% Palestinian @ 18.51
15 72.7% French_Basque + 27.3% Lebanese_Druze @ 18.53
16 73.4% French_Basque + 26.6% Lebanese_Muslim @ 18.6
17 72.8% French_Basque + 27.2% Syrian @ 18.7
18 74.9% French_Basque + 25.1% Turkish_Trabzon @ 18.83
19 58.6% French_Basque + 41.4% Ashkenazy_Jew @ 18.92
20 76.3% French_Basque + 23.7% Assyrian @ 19.1

[Pahli]

What does he get in MDLP World 22? Probably an Anatolian farmeroid leftover :laugh:

[Peterski]

Do you have the kit number and / or photos?

It reminds me of some Uber East Euro results:

http://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?212593-Classify-quot-Uber-East-European-quot-man

[PunhetaDeBacalhau]

Where did you get him from? Is he a random guy who got tested recently?

[RN97]

what does this dude look like? Uber-curious.

[Ibericus]

The highest for an ancient sample (that iv' seen) is a Early Neolithic from Spain with 62% West-Med.

[Hadouken]

I think this guy is a time traveller who comes from the past

[Pahli]

Eurogenes K13
puntdnal k13
Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SW_Europe 61.65
2 NE_Europe 14.55
3 SW_Asia 12.5
4 West_Asia 8.56
5 NE_Asia 1.11
6 Oceania 0.77
7 SE_Asia 0.5
8 East_Africa 0.37

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Italian_Bergamo 23.06
2 French_Basque 23.29
3 Spaniard 23.42
4 Italian_Tuscan 24.47
5 Italian_Abruzzo 24.67
6 Italian_Sicilian 25.93
7 Ashkenazy_Jew 27
8 Albanian 27.2
9 Greek_Thessaly 27.39
10 Sephardic_Jew 27.78
11 Kosovar 28.02
12 Greek_Central 28.69
13 Macedonian 30.6
14 Puerto_Rican 30.67
15 Bulgarian 31.43
16 French 32.97
17 Montenegrin 33.79
18 Romanian 34.47
19 Cypriot 34.6
20 Serbian 34.65

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 72.1% French_Basque + 27.9% Samaritan_Jew @ 17.23
2 66.7% French_Basque + 33.3% Mozabite @ 17.32
3 65.8% French_Basque + 34.2% Cypriot @ 17.34
4 72.9% French_Basque + 27.1% Egyptian_Copts @ 17.56
5 68.7% French_Basque + 31.3% Moroccan @ 17.77
6 58.7% French_Basque + 41.3% Sephardic_Jew @ 17.81
7 66.7% French_Basque + 33.3% Tunisian @ 17.97
8 69.1% French_Basque + 30.9% Saharawi @ 17.99
9 71.4% French_Basque + 28.6% Lebanese_Christian @ 18.15
10 68.1% French_Basque + 31.9% Algerian @ 18.16
11 56% French_Basque + 44% Italian_Sicilian @ 18.22
12 72.4% French_Basque + 27.6% Jordanian @ 18.35
13 74.5% French_Basque + 25.5% Egyptian @ 18.45
14 74% French_Basque + 26% Palestinian @ 18.51
15 72.7% French_Basque + 27.3% Lebanese_Druze @ 18.53
16 73.4% French_Basque + 26.6% Lebanese_Muslim @ 18.6
17 72.8% French_Basque + 27.2% Syrian @ 18.7
18 74.9% French_Basque + 25.1% Turkish_Trabzon @ 18.83
19 58.6% French_Basque + 41.4% Ashkenazy_Jew @ 18.92
20 76.3% French_Basque + 23.7% Assyrian @ 19.1



This is Neolithic Anatolian farmer for comparison, they're quite similar with the exception of almost no WHG in the Anatolian farmer.

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SW_Europe 66.79
2 SW_Asia 19.62
3 West_Asia 11.97
4 NE_Europe 1.62

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Italian_Sicilian 31.2
2 Sephardic_Jew 31.28
3 Italian_Abruzzo 32.48
4 Ashkenazy_Jew 32.68
5 Cypriot 34.71
6 Italian_Tuscan 35.26
7 Mozabite 35.64
8 Italian_Bergamo 35.7
9 Tunisian 35.98
10 Greek_Central 36.35
11 Spaniard 37.1
12 Algerian 37.13
13 Greek_Thessaly 37.19
14 Albanian 37.27
15 Moroccan 37.61
16 French_Basque 37.86
17 Saharawi 38.01
18 Kosovar 38.34
19 Puerto_Rican 40.05
20 Lebanese_Christian 40.28

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 54.5% French_Basque + 45.5% Samaritan_Jew @ 27.9
2 55.5% Cypriot + 44.5% French_Basque @ 28.21
3 53.7% Mozabite + 46.3% French_Basque @ 28.32
4 56% French_Basque + 44% Egyptian_Copts @ 28.53
5 67.3% Sephardic_Jew + 32.7% French_Basque @ 28.92
6 50.4% Moroccan + 49.6% French_Basque @ 29.04
7 65.2% Italian_Sicilian + 34.8% Mozabite @ 29.25
8 59.3% Italian_Abruzzo + 40.7% Mozabite @ 29.4
9 50.2% French_Basque + 49.8% Saharawi @ 29.41
10 53.5% Tunisian + 46.5% French_Basque @ 29.42
11 53.6% French_Basque + 46.4% Lebanese_Christian @ 29.52
12 50.1% Mozabite + 49.9% Italian_Bergamo @ 29.57
13 66.3% Sephardic_Jew + 33.7% Mozabite @ 29.6
14 71.2% Italian_Sicilian + 28.8% French_Basque @ 29.72
15 51.3% Algerian + 48.7% French_Basque @ 29.74
16 72.1% Italian_Sicilian + 27.9% Saharawi @ 29.83
17 55.2% French_Basque + 44.8% Jordanian @ 29.87
18 59.6% Ashkenazy_Jew + 40.4% Mozabite @ 29.94
19 53.1% Mozabite + 46.9% Spaniard @ 29.98
20 57.8% French_Basque + 42.2% Palestinian @ 30.13

[PunhetaDeBacalhau]

The highest for an ancient sample (that iv' seen) is a Early Neolithic from Spain with 62% West-Med.

Are you sure it's not just one of the HGDP Sardinian genomes being tested? Cause they are probably being used to source the alleles of the West_Med component. 89% seems way overkill

[Ibericus]

Are you sure it's not just one of the HGDP Sardinian genomes being tested? Cause they are probably being used to source the alleles of the West_Med component. 89% seems way overkill
No he's not part of the HGDP Sardinians.

[Percivalle]

No he's not part of the HGDP Sardinians.

Is one of the isolated Sardinians from Anagnostou's paper?

[Petalpusher]

It looks like a direct mesolithic/early neo Anatolia transplant without any European neolithic, in the meantime he also lacks the east med, since Sardinians do score relatively a lot of east med as well. It's hard to imagine a community that isolated for so long even in Sardinia.

[Percivalle]

It's hard to imagine a community that isolated for so long even in Sardinia.

Indeed.

[EL_BARBARO]

The hyper West-Med... It must be a quasi-legendary creature...

[Voskos]

The hyper West-Med... It must be a quasi-legendary creature...

lol

[brennus dux gallorum]

Somehow an accidental selective breeding

[wesleypeterson]

It's probably the calculator effect given the West Med (reference for Sardinians) is a modern component. That person just happens to be more genetically drifted than the average Sardinian.

The mix of Atlantic and East Med components create a West Med like cluster which is what Sardinians are.

[EL_BARBARO]

Fascinating.

[Charles Bronson]

Incest?

[GiCa]

Is he real?

Wich town is he from?

The distance with Moroccans is interesting
That confirm that west med is a true Magheb south west Europe combo phenotupe

[GiCa]

The Maghrebi-South West Europe Façade becomes real!

[Enflamme]

Is he real?

Wich town is he from?

The distance with Moroccans is interesting
That confirm that west med is a true Magheb south west Europe combo phenotupe



What bullshit. Do you at least know that Tuscan people come from an extra-European population at the base?


Then, this sample does not come from a Sardinian but from a Moor (there seems to be a minority of specimens of this kind in the south of Sardinia, even the Sardinians named them by a term to distinguish them from the true Sardinians).


To learn more about Sardinia, talk to Mens-Sarda and read books.


"Sardinians" are not Sicilians.

[GiCa]

Oh well

Ok

But they are part of the Iberian-Maghrebi Façade as genetic clearly shows

[Enflamme]

Oh well

Ok

But they are part of the Iberian-Maghrebi Façade as genetic clearly shows

The Tuscans do not come from a European population at the base (I think you know, and I am not talking about an old proto-European population that would have settled in your province, but more recent).

And on this calculator it is said that it is close to a "Sardinian" (there are several ethnic groups in Sardinia, some do not even speak the same language and some ethnic groups are closer to the Corsicans) to about 42.46... like he's close of a "Morrocan"' and a "North Italian" to 65 and 66... not very precise.


You should look after your hysterical ignorance, typically feminine.


Most of the North Africans (you seem to be part of it, and you know why), who are Negro-Berber mulatto and sometimes get sub-Saharan haplogroups, often have this tendency to want to "north africanize" the real Europeans.

This indicates a relatively low inferiority complex and IQ.

Your IQ seems relatively low, since you can not nuance your position and not understand the nuances of the results of this calculator.

[GiCa]

What bullshit. Do you at least know that Tuscan people come from an extra-European population at the base?


Then, this sample does not come from a Sardinian but from a Moor (there seems to be a minority of specimens of this kind in the south of Sardinia, even the Sardinians named them by a term to distinguish them from the true Sardinians).


To learn more about Sardinia, talk to Mens-Sarda and read books.


"Sardinians" are not Sicilians.

Mens Sarda talked about "Maureddos" a word to justify the wog people of Sardinia. In reality they are true and pure sardinians; with 0 foreign ancestry and probably would score full Sardinian genetically

Also he contests the fact that sardianians are the darker and shortest Italians wich is proven by before mass migration military studies and it s well known as a general cultural thing by all Italians

To prove te fact that sardinians are the shortest Italians you just have to know that all Fantines (how we call those who ride horses) are 70% and more of Sardinian origin

It s well known that to Ride a horse quicklier you must be short and gracile

[Ibericus]

Is he real?

Wich town is he from?

The distance with Moroccans is interesting
That confirm that west med is a true Magheb south west Europe combo phenotupe
Calm down. The distance of 65 is gigantic, so it doesn't count. Yes, north-africans also score some West-Med but because they also have some EEF ancestry, not because of any special connection.

[Percivalle]

Mens Sarda talked about "Maureddos" a word to justify the wog people of Sardinia. In reality they are true and pure sardinians; with 0 foreign ancestry and probably would score full Sardinian genetically

Also he contests the fact that sardianians are the darker and shortest Italians wich is proven by before mass migration military studies and it s well known as a general cultural thing by all Italians

To prove te fact that sardinians are the shortest Italians you just have to know that all Fantines (how we call those who ride horses) are 70% and more of Sardinian origin

It s well known that to Ride a horse quicklier you must be short and gracile


The Tuscans do not come from a European population at the base (I think you know, and I am not talking about an old proto-European population that would have settled in your province, but more recent).

And on this calculator it is said that it is close to a "Sardinian" (there are several ethnic groups in Sardinia, some do not even speak the same language and some ethnic groups are closer to the Corsicans) to about 42.46... like he's close of a "Morrocan"' and a "North Italian" to 65 and 66... not very precise.


You should look after your hysterical ignorance, typically feminine.


Most of the North Africans (you seem to be part of it, and you know why), who are Negro-Berber mulatto and sometimes get sub-Saharan haplogroups, often have this tendency to want to "north africanize" the real Europeans.

This indicates a relatively low inferiority complex and IQ.

Your IQ seems relatively low, since you can not nuance your position and not understand the nuances of the results of this calculator.


Could you both come back to the nursery?
Thanks.

[Percivalle]

The Maghrebi-South West Europe Façade becomes real!

You're also part of that facade.

[GiCa]

You're also part of that facade.

A genetic test still would have to prove that

And even If I was I wouldn t be ashamed like many groups of people here do

[Percivalle]

Calm down. The distance of 65 is gigantic, so it doesn't count. Yes, north-africans also score some West-Med but because they also have some EEF ancestry, not because of any special connection.

Of course you're right, but who is this Sardinian? How did you get his kit? Does he come from a paper or have you found him on Gedmatch? It would be nice to answer.

[Enflamme]

Could you both come back to the nursery?
Thanks.

I'm back at the nursery.

A thousand excuses.

[Ibericus]

Of course you're right, but who is this Sardinian? How did you get his kit? Does he come from a paper or have you found him on Gedmatch? It would be nice to answer.
No, not a study, I found him on gedmatch,

[Percivalle]

No, not a study, I found him on gedmatch,

Wow, a good catch. Have you been able to understand which part of Sardinia he/she is from?

[Enflamme]

Wow, a good catch. Have you been able to understand which part of Sardinia he/she is from?

It may be interesting to know. Maybe he or she comes from the center of Sardinia (Barbàgia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbagia)

[wesleypeterson]

Can you post his Dodecad K7b and MDLP K16? I'm pretty sure He won't be different from other Sardinians.

[Percivalle]

It may be interesting to know. Maybe he or she comes from the center of Sardinia (Barbàgia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbagia)

Maybe the HGDP samples come from there.

[Enflamme]

Maybe the HGDP samples come from there.

Yes, it is the most "preserved" part (I do not know if we can use this term), of the island.

[Percivalle]

Yes, it is the most "preserved" part (I do not know if we can use this term), of the island.

Four Sardinian HGDP samples

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:
Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 88.62
2 North_Sea 5.8
3 East_Med 3.97
4 Oceanian 0.73
5 Southeast_Asian 0.37
6 South_Asian 0.27
7 Red_Sea 0.24

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 98.93
2 Siberian 0.48
3 South_Asian 0.37
4 Amerindian 0.13
5 Eastern_Euro 0.06
6 Oceanian 0.03

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 47.46
2 Atlantic 20.5
3 East_Med 19.54
4 North_Sea 9.14
5 Red_Sea 2.05
6 Baltic 1.25
7 West_Asian 0.04

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 52.74
2 Atlantic 16.97
3 East_Med 14.67
4 North_Sea 12.44
5 Red_Sea 3.08
6 Oceanian 0.09

[Enflamme]

Four Sardinian HGDP samples

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:
Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 88.62
2 North_Sea 5.8
3 East_Med 3.97
4 Oceanian 0.73
5 Southeast_Asian 0.37
6 South_Asian 0.27
7 Red_Sea 0.24

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 98.93
2 Siberian 0.48
3 South_Asian 0.37
4 Amerindian 0.13
5 Eastern_Euro 0.06
6 Oceanian 0.03

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 47.46
2 Atlantic 20.5
3 East_Med 19.54
4 North_Sea 9.14
5 Red_Sea 2.05
6 Baltic 1.25
7 West_Asian 0.04

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 52.74
2 Atlantic 16.97
3 East_Med 14.67
4 North_Sea 12.44
5 Red_Sea 3.08
6 Oceanian 0.09



Interesting.

The first two must be certainly from Center (Barbàgia areas) and these two last, from north of Sardinia (near Corsica)

BUT, this is only a supposition.

However, I do not know why the first get "Siberian - 0.48." Bruce Lee?

[Sebastianus Rex]

Is he real?

Wich town is he from?

The distance with Moroccans is interesting
That confirm that west med is a true Magheb south west Europe combo phenotupe


The Maghrebi-South West Europe Façade becomes real!

Tuscans score as much west-med as Maghrebians.

And by the way North Italians score the highest west med among all Italians (except Sardinians of course). Southern French and Basques score much more west med than maghrebians, Northwestern Europeans also score significant West Med.

As always your theories are childish...or in alternative, using your own reasoning, you are part of that façace.

[Percivalle]

Interesting.

The first two must be certainly from Center (Barbàgia areas) and these two last, from north of Sardinia (near Corsica)

BUT, this is only a supposition.

However, I do not know why the first get "Siberian - 0.48." Bruce Lee?

I think they all come from the same area of Sardinia, HGDP project used this criterion for all the samples. The HGDP Sardinians are 28 in total.

Anyway being that HGDP Sardinians are usually used as west-med reference sample, their results on GEDMatch could be inflated.

[Petalpusher]

Four Sardinian HGDP samples

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:
Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 88.62
2 North_Sea 5.8
3 East_Med 3.97
4 Oceanian 0.73
5 Southeast_Asian 0.37
6 South_Asian 0.27
7 Red_Sea 0.24



Ok so it's actually an HGDP sample, this one was probably at least one of the source for the Eurogenes calculator with the one at 98%.

On the pca, the average Sardinian's average is like him + some Tuscan/N.Italy like admixture, which could make sense if there s indeed an isolate on the island without much contact in recent time, but what's interesting is that the west med Europeans score is more him/them than "scoring Sardinian".

https://i.imgur.com/G3Td25f.jpg

[GiCa]

Four Sardinian HGDP samples

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:
Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 88.62
2 North_Sea 5.8
3 East_Med 3.97
4 Oceanian 0.73
5 Southeast_Asian 0.37
6 South_Asian 0.27
7 Red_Sea 0.24

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 98.93
2 Siberian 0.48
3 South_Asian 0.37
4 Amerindian 0.13
5 Eastern_Euro 0.06
6 Oceanian 0.03

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 47.46
2 Atlantic 20.5
3 East_Med 19.54
4 North_Sea 9.14
5 Red_Sea 2.05
6 Baltic 1.25
7 West_Asian 0.04

Eurogenes EUtest V2 K15 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 West_Med 52.74
2 Atlantic 16.97
3 East_Med 14.67
4 North_Sea 12.44
5 Red_Sea 3.08
6 Oceanian 0.09

towns of those people?