Peterski
12-28-2017, 02:40 PM
GAC culture in Poland was autosomally 3/4 Euro Neolithic + 1/4 WHG and their Y-DNA was I2:
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2017/09/19/135616.full.pdf
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/suppl/2017/09/19/135616.DC4/135616-1.pdf
Poland, Kierzkowo (8 individuals)
The Globular Amphora Culture (GAC) is characterised by the decorated globular ceramic vessels with short necks and small handles.67-69 The culture was nomadic, with unstable settlement patterns. Cultivation was not entirely abandoned, but animal husbandry was the most important part of the economy–dominated by pigs and cattle, with some horses.67,70-72
The archaeological site from which we obtained data from the Globular Amphora Culture lies in the Żnin district (Kujavia-Pommerania voivodeship, Northwest Poland). It contains a megalithic barrow tomb 22 meters long West-to-East with width varying from 3 to 6 meters North-to-South. The first 10 meters of the length of the tomb was built from stone slabs and rubble, leading to a chamber to which two low small corridors led from the south. An enormous stone divided the chamber into two unequal parts. Within the chamber there were Neolithic human bones gathered into two large clusters.
We also report the first genetic data associated with the Late Neolithic Globular Amphora Complex. Individuals from two Globular Amphora sites in Poland (Kierzkowo) and Ukraine (Ilyatka) form a tight cluster, showing high similarity over a large distance (Figure 1B,D). Both Globular Amphora Complex groups of samples had more hunter-gatherer-related ancestry than Middle Neolithic groups from Central Europe7 (we estimate 25% [CI: 22-27%] WHG ancestry, similar to Chalcolithic Iberia, Supplementary Data Table 3). In east-central Europe, the Globular Amphora Complex preceded or abutted the Corded Ware Complex that marks the appearance of steppe-related ancestry,7,15 while in southeastern Europe, the Globular Amphora Complex bordered populations with steppe-influenced material cultures for hundreds of years44 and yet the individuals in our study have no evidence of steppe-related ancestry, providing support for the hypothesis that this material cultural frontier was also a barrier to gene flow.
Gray = EEF (LBK) admixture; green and pink = HG admixture; yellow = Steppe admixture:
https://i.imgur.com/LfrU2mG.png
Y-DNA haplogroups and autosomal coverage of Kierzkowo individuals:
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2441 / 8.5] M 3400-2800 BCE 510373 SNPs I2a2a1b
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2403 / 3.4] M 2870-2575 BCE 290049 SNPs I2a2
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2440 / 7.6] M 3100-2900 BCE 189493 SNPs I2
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2405 / 8.2a] M 3335-3020 BCE 91505 SNPs I2a2
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2017/09/19/135616.full.pdf
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/suppl/2017/09/19/135616.DC4/135616-1.pdf
Poland, Kierzkowo (8 individuals)
The Globular Amphora Culture (GAC) is characterised by the decorated globular ceramic vessels with short necks and small handles.67-69 The culture was nomadic, with unstable settlement patterns. Cultivation was not entirely abandoned, but animal husbandry was the most important part of the economy–dominated by pigs and cattle, with some horses.67,70-72
The archaeological site from which we obtained data from the Globular Amphora Culture lies in the Żnin district (Kujavia-Pommerania voivodeship, Northwest Poland). It contains a megalithic barrow tomb 22 meters long West-to-East with width varying from 3 to 6 meters North-to-South. The first 10 meters of the length of the tomb was built from stone slabs and rubble, leading to a chamber to which two low small corridors led from the south. An enormous stone divided the chamber into two unequal parts. Within the chamber there were Neolithic human bones gathered into two large clusters.
We also report the first genetic data associated with the Late Neolithic Globular Amphora Complex. Individuals from two Globular Amphora sites in Poland (Kierzkowo) and Ukraine (Ilyatka) form a tight cluster, showing high similarity over a large distance (Figure 1B,D). Both Globular Amphora Complex groups of samples had more hunter-gatherer-related ancestry than Middle Neolithic groups from Central Europe7 (we estimate 25% [CI: 22-27%] WHG ancestry, similar to Chalcolithic Iberia, Supplementary Data Table 3). In east-central Europe, the Globular Amphora Complex preceded or abutted the Corded Ware Complex that marks the appearance of steppe-related ancestry,7,15 while in southeastern Europe, the Globular Amphora Complex bordered populations with steppe-influenced material cultures for hundreds of years44 and yet the individuals in our study have no evidence of steppe-related ancestry, providing support for the hypothesis that this material cultural frontier was also a barrier to gene flow.
Gray = EEF (LBK) admixture; green and pink = HG admixture; yellow = Steppe admixture:
https://i.imgur.com/LfrU2mG.png
Y-DNA haplogroups and autosomal coverage of Kierzkowo individuals:
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2441 / 8.5] M 3400-2800 BCE 510373 SNPs I2a2a1b
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2403 / 3.4] M 2870-2575 BCE 290049 SNPs I2a2
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2440 / 7.6] M 3100-2900 BCE 189493 SNPs I2
Globular Amphora Poland Kierzkowo [I2405 / 8.2a] M 3335-3020 BCE 91505 SNPs I2a2