Most Asians have African mtDNA or Australoid Negrito maternal ? Japanese , Indians , Koreans ect ?

[ButlerKing]

I noticed mtDNA M marker are largely shared between South Asians, East Asians, Negrito, Melanesians, Africans. It says mtDNA M is a descendant of African mtDNA L3

On wikipedia it says

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_M_(mtDNA)

" Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. An enormous haplogroup spanning all the continents, the macro-haplogroup M, like its sibling the macro-haplogroup N, is a descendant of the haplogroup L3. "


mtDNA M is the largest maternal ancestry in Asia where it makes up 60-80% South Asia and in East Asia/Southeast Asia 30-70% significant large in Central Asia 20-40% and a lesser extend in Middle east 10-20%. In the Adamanese negrito is 100% and 87% in other Southeast Asian Negrito tribes. It is also 18-22% in some Black African populations.


mtDNA M is found in 60% of South Asians (80-90% in South India ), 42% of Filipino, 43% of Laotians, 38% of Vietnamese, 40% of Chinese, 70% for both Tibetan, Japanese. It is also 20% of Northeast African Blacks Somalis, Libyans and Oromos Tuareg in Mali and Burkina Faso 18.42% , Depending on the Melanesians is 35%, 28%, 20%

The highest percentage of mtDNA M is found in the Adamanese Negrito. 100% mtDNA M
https://assets.survivalinternational.org/pictures/742/ind-jar-sg-2008-80_screen.jpg


I don't understand what this means. But I'm sure any haplogroup shared between Mongoloids, Australoids, South Asians, Africans would have genetically mutated 20,000 years becoming different races. I mean African ancestor with a mtDNA M or maybe haplogroup D, C were all eventually racially mutated to something else with exception of the Negrito who live in the very southern parts of southeast asia.

[Smeagol]

L3 is not African.

The presence of the L haplogroup common in Africa was unexpected given the clustering of the Saudis with Europeans in the phylogenetic tree and suggests some recent African admixture. To examine this further, we performed formal tests for a history of admixture and found no evidence of African admixture in the Saudi after the split. Taken together, these analyses suggest that the L3 haplogroup found in the Saudi were present before the bottleneck 50,000 YBP. Given the TMRCA estimates for the L3 haplogroup of approximately 70,000 YBP and the timing of the Out-of-Africa split, these analyses suggest that L3 haplogroup arose in the Middle East with a subsequent back migration and expansion into Africa over the Horn-of-Africa during the lower sea levels found during the glacial period bottleneck.
http://www.ashg.org/2013meeting/abstracts/fulltext/f130122833.htm

Background: After three decades of mtDNA studies on human evolution the only incontrovertible main result is the African origin of all extant modern humans. In addition, a southern coastal route has been relentlessly imposed to explain the Eurasian colonization of these African pioneers. Based on the age of macrohaplogroup L3, from which all maternal Eurasian and the majority of African lineages originated, that out-of-Africa event has been dated around 60-70 kya. On the opposite side, we have proposed a northern route through Central Asia across the Levant for that expansion. Consistent with the fossil record, we have dated it around 125 kya. To help bridge differences between the molecular and fossil record ages, in this article we assess the possibility that mtDNA macrohaplogroup L3 matured in Eurasia and returned to Africa as basic L3 lineages around 70 kya.

Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers.

Conclusions: These results are congruent with a model proposing an out-of-Africa of early anatomically modern humans around 125 kya. A return to Africa of Eurasian fully modern humans around 70 kya, and a second Eurasian global expansion by 60 kya. Climatic conditions and the presence of Neanderthals played key roles in these human movements.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/13/233502

[ButlerKing]

L3 is not African.

The presence of the L haplogroup common in Africa was unexpected given the clustering of the Saudis with Europeans in the phylogenetic tree and suggests some recent African admixture. To examine this further, we performed formal tests for a history of admixture and found no evidence of African admixture in the Saudi after the split. Taken together, these analyses suggest that the L3 haplogroup found in the Saudi were present before the bottleneck 50,000 YBP. Given the TMRCA estimates for the L3 haplogroup of approximately 70,000 YBP and the timing of the Out-of-Africa split, these analyses suggest that L3 haplogroup arose in the Middle East with a subsequent back migration and expansion into Africa over the Horn-of-Africa during the lower sea levels found during the glacial period bottleneck.
http://www.ashg.org/2013meeting/abstracts/fulltext/f130122833.htm

Background: After three decades of mtDNA studies on human evolution the only incontrovertible main result is the African origin of all extant modern humans. In addition, a southern coastal route has been relentlessly imposed to explain the Eurasian colonization of these African pioneers. Based on the age of macrohaplogroup L3, from which all maternal Eurasian and the majority of African lineages originated, that out-of-Africa event has been dated around 60-70 kya. On the opposite side, we have proposed a northern route through Central Asia across the Levant for that expansion. Consistent with the fossil record, we have dated it around 125 kya. To help bridge differences between the molecular and fossil record ages, in this article we assess the possibility that mtDNA macrohaplogroup L3 matured in Eurasia and returned to Africa as basic L3 lineages around 70 kya.

Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers.

Conclusions: These results are congruent with a model proposing an out-of-Africa of early anatomically modern humans around 125 kya. A return to Africa of Eurasian fully modern humans around 70 kya, and a second Eurasian global expansion by 60 kya. Climatic conditions and the presence of Neanderthals played key roles in these human movements.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/13/233502

This doesn't prove L3 did not came from Black African populations


mtDNA L3 is clearly African also it descended from mtDNA HAPLOGROUP L which has L1. L2, L3, L4, L5, L6..



Look at the proportions of Black Africans with mtDNA L3

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Macrohaplogrupo_L_en_%C3%81frica.png

[ButlerKing]

Proof that it is a African lineage. It existed in East Africa between 84,000 to 104,000 years ago that's way longer than previous study of 70,000 ( 70 ka ) only.


" Haplogroup L3's exact place of origin is uncertain. According to the Recent African origin of modern humans (Out-of-Africa) theory, the clade is believed to have arisen and dispersed from East Africa between 84,000 and 104,000 years ago.[1] An analysis of 369 complete African L3 sequences placed the maximal date of the clade's expansion at ∼70 ka. This virtually rules out a successful exit out of Africa before 74 ka, the date of the Toba volcanic super-eruption in Sumatra.[2] The Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor for the L3 lineage has also recently been estimated to be between 58,900 and 70,200 years ago, around the time as and associated with the Out-of-Africa expansion of the ancestors of non-African modern humans from Eastern Africa into Eurasia around 70,000 years ago, and also with a similar expansion within Africa from the East of the continent.[2] "

[Smeagol]

This doesn't this prove L3 did not came from Black African populations

It very clearly does. Not my fault you can't read. Also, yes, plenty of blacks have it from Eurasian back-migration.

[Smeagol]

Proof that it is a African lineage. It existed in East Africa between 84,000 to 104,000 years ago


" Haplogroup L3's exact place of origin is uncertain. According to the Recent African origin of modern humans (Out-of-Africa) theory, the clade is believed to have arisen and dispersed from East Africa between 84,000 and 104,000 years ago.[1] An analysis of 369 complete African L3 sequences placed the maximal date of the clade's expansion at ∼70 ka. This virtually rules out a successful exit out of Africa before 74 ka, the date of the Toba volcanic super-eruption in Sumatra.[2] The Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor for the L3 lineage has also recently been estimated to be between 58,900 and 70,200 years ago, around the time as and associated with the Out-of-Africa expansion of the ancestors of non-African modern humans from Eastern Africa into Eurasia around 70,000 years ago, and also with a similar expansion within Africa from the East of the continent.[2] "

Lol, wikipedia.

[ButlerKing]

Lol, wikipedia.


Doesn't matter if it's from Wikipedia, it's well sourced

Gonder, M. K.; Mortensen, H. M.; Reed, F. A.; De Sousa, A.; Tishkoff, S. A. (2006). "Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (3): 757–68. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl209. PMID 17194802.

[Smeagol]

Doesn't matter if it's from Wikipedia, it's well sourced

Gonder, M. K.; Mortensen, H. M.; Reed, F. A.; De Sousa, A.; Tishkoff, S. A. (2006). "Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (3): 757–68. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl209. PMID 17194802.

No it isn't, my sources are from 2013 and 2017, much more recent and credible.

[ButlerKing]

No it isn't, my sources are from 2013 and 2017, much more recent and credible.

Older doesn't make it more credible. haplogroups M and N, L haplogroups are predominant all over sub-Saharan Africa; L is at 96–100%

Asian populations have mtDNA M and N but lacks L but M and N are descendants of Africans are descendants of L3


As for Y-DNA Haplogroup O2a in India is Mongoloid origin from Southern China. Haplogroup J in India have middle eastern origin most likely. But haplogroup L and T are native to Indians.
Indians with those haplogroup generally show Mongoloid admixture, middle eastern/west asian admixture but not L or T

But there's no African admixture from mtDNA M in Indian that means mtDNA M by the time it reached India were already typical of South Indian looking females.

[ButlerKing]

MtDNA M in Mongoloids also don't have African, australoid admixture except for some southeast Asian mongoloid populations where 10-20% of their mtDNA came from negrito and Melanesian females.

[sailormoon]

https://s13.postimg.org/60i79t853/Fig2a.jpg
Proposed routes followed by modern humans in their exit from Africa: (a) Northern route to reach South Asia, the Philippines and nearly Oceania, and (b) secondary expansions northward through Asia to the Americas and southwest to North Africa and Europe

The mtDNA macrohaplogroups M and N have differentiated in South East Asia from ancestral L3 lineages which brought primitive core-flake technology to Eurasia. The proposed migration routes of mtDNA M lineages show that they first took the northern route to reach South Asia and nearly Oceania, and there were secondary expansions northward to East Asia and Siberia. The presence of mtDNA M lineages in East Africa is the result of a back migration from Eurasia to Africa. According to González et al. (2007), the coalescence age of the African haplogroup M1 is younger than those for other M Asiatic clades. Its highest frequencies and diversities are found in Ethiopia in particular. India was proposed as the most probable origin of the M1 ancestor. Haplogroup M1 lineages are also present in Mediterranean Europe and the Middle East, which is thought to be the footprints of westward migration waves of Asiatic nomads occurred from Mesolithic period.



Background
From a mtDNA dominant perspective, the exit from Africa of modern humans to colonize Eurasia occurred once, around 60 kya, following a southern coastal route across Arabia and India to reach Australia short after. These pioneers carried with them the currently dominant Eurasian lineages M and N. Based also on mtDNA phylogenetic and phylogeographic grounds, some authors have proposed the coeval existence of a northern route across the Levant that brought mtDNA macrohaplogroup N to Australia. To contrast both hypothesis, here we reanalyzed the phylogeography and respective ages of mtDNA haplogroups belonging to macrohaplogroup M in different regions of Eurasia and Australasia.

Results
The macrohaplogroup M has a historical implantation in West Eurasia, including the Arabian Peninsula. Founder ages of M lineages in India are significantly younger than those in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Near Oceania. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between the age of the M haplogroups and its longitudinal geographical distribution. These results point to a colonization of the Indian subcontinent by modern humans carrying M lineages from the east instead the west side.

Conclusions
The existence of a northern route, previously proposed for the mtDNA macrohaplogroup N, is confirmed here for the macrohaplogroup M. Both mtDNA macrolineages seem to have differentiated in South East Asia from ancestral L3 lineages. Taking this genetic evidence and those reported by other disciplines we have constructed a new and more conciliatory model to explain the history of modern humans out of Africa.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105315/


In terms of mtDNA and Y-DNA haplogroups, the Andamanese carry Asiatic haplogroups, making them genetically similar to East Asians. But when Bertranpetit et al.(2016) analysed the genomes of living Indigenous Australians, Papuans, and the Andaman Islanders, they found sections of DNA that did not match any previously identified hominin species. These DNA sequences are not present in the genomes of living Europeans or East Asians, suggesting that the ancestors of these people interbred with a mystery hominin in south Asia or the Pacific region. The unidentified hominin may be related to the Java population of H. erectus, known as Java Man. Aboriginal Australians, Papuans, and “Negrito” groups have also inherited genetic material from the Denisovans (up to 6%), an extinct species or subspecies of human in the genus Homo.

https://s13.postimg.org/u131ho4lj/dmap.png



Abstract
To shed light on the peopling of South Asia and the origins of the morphological adaptations found there, we analyzed whole-genome sequences from 10 Andamanese individuals and compared them with sequences for 60 individuals from mainland Indian populations with different ethnic histories and with publicly available data from other populations. We show that all Asian and Pacific populations share a single origin and expansion out of Africa, contradicting an earlier proposal of two independent waves of migration1,2,3,4. We also show that populations from South and Southeast Asia harbor a small proportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, and this ancestry is absent from Europeans and East Asians. The footprints of adaptive selection in the genomes of the Andamanese show that the characteristic distinctive phenotypes of this population (including very short stature) do not reflect an ancient African origin but instead result from strong natural selection on genes related to human body size.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3621