Native Americans are significantly Eurasian shifted?

[Zanzibar]

This seems to be true that they get their Western ancestry from ANE which is mostly Western shifted cluster with around 25 to 30% ASE (Onge related) ENA/East Eurasian ancestry.

I believe these PCAs might show where Native Americans should plot genetically

In the first PCA, Totonac (on average 100% pure Amerindian) and Bolivians (who are around 12% Euro on average) but varied between 0 to 48% European admixture depending on individual are in genetic cluster between CHB/JPT (Han Chinese from Beijing, Japanese from Tokyo) and CEU (European Americans from Utah).

I got the PCA data from here: https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-13-39

This is the original version of the PCA:
https://i.imgur.com/F3ryoQI.jpg

I decided to do some modifications to the PCA to show the West Eurasian shiftedness of Totonacs and Bolivians.

https://i.imgur.com/vRr01ga.png

Comparing with this with the simplification of the same PCA to show the Amerindian % of the samples

https://i.imgur.com/ygPGsgX.png

As you can see in the modified PCA, the Totonac cluster who are on average 100% Amerindian are around ~ 28 to 31% Western shifted (by my estimation in their position between CHB/JPT and CEU) while the Bolivian cluster who have substantial Euro admix are around 44 to 53% Western shifted. There are however, several Bolivians who are less Euro admixed and closer to Totonac cluser while there is one Bolivian outlier on PCA who has the highest~ 48% Euro admix.

Now here is the Second PCA to prove my point

Amerindians are here again between the East Eurasian and West Eurasian populations. The Totonac (who are 100% Amerindians) actually cluster closer to Kyrgyz who are the first CS Asian cluster, while Bolivians since they have Euro admix (again, are on average 12% Euro but can varied from 0% to 48% Euro depending on individuals) cluster closer to Nepalis who are the second CS Asian cluster. Meanwhile the third CS Asian cluster which is Pakistanis show a shift towards Iraqis and Europeans (Slovenians, CEU).

https://i.imgur.com/uamnNhP.png

Third PCA. Amerindians are between ANE and Han here

https://i.imgur.com/PblLwBj.jpg (Credits and thanks to Petalpusher from TA)

[Bobby Martnen]

Still doesn't make them White.

[Zanzibar]

Still doesn't make them White.

Of course not. Pure blood Natives are probably as Western shifted as the average Kyrgyz, Khakass, Altaian and maybe Kazakh.

[Bobby Martnen]

Kazakh

https://media3.giphy.com/media/l0HTYUmU67pLWv1a8/giphy-downsized.gif

[Zanzibar]

https://media3.giphy.com/media/l0HTYUmU67pLWv1a8/giphy-downsized.gif

Which these groups are genetically pretty Western Non African shifted as they are Old World Hapas or Quadrapas. genetically especially Kazakh and Kyrgyz

[sailormoon]

Third PCA. Amerindians are between ANE and Han here

https://i.imgur.com/PblLwBj.jpg (Credits and thanks to Petalpusher from TA)

In comparison to East Asians, Native Americans are shifted toward western Eurasians in PCAs because ancient gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors, according to Raghavan et al. (2014). R1 is the Y-DNA haplogroup of MA-1, which is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages. The Mal'ta boy (MA-1) lived in south-central Siberia around 24,000 years ago and 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry originated through gene flow from this ancient population.



The origins of the First Americans remain contentious. Although Native Americans seem to be genetically most closely related to east Asians1,2,3, there is no consensus with regard to which specific Old World populations they are closest to4,5,6,7,8. Here we sequence the draft genome of an approximately 24,000-year-old individual (MA-1), from Mal’ta in south-central Siberia9, to an average depth of 1×. To our knowledge this is the oldest anatomically modern human genome reported to date. The MA-1 mitochondrial genome belongs to haplogroup U, which has also been found at high frequency among Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers10,11,12, and the Y chromosome of MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages5. Similarly, we find autosomal evidence that MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and genetically closely related to modern-day Native Americans, with no close affinity to east Asians. This suggests that populations related to contemporary western Eurasians had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought. Furthermore, we estimate that 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population. This is likely to have occurred after the divergence of Native American ancestors from east Asian ancestors, but before the diversification of Native American populations in the New World. Gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors could explain why several crania from the First Americans have been reported as bearing morphological characteristics that do not resemble those of east Asians2,13. Sequencing of another south-central Siberian, Afontova Gora-2 dating to approximately 17,000 years ago14, revealed similar autosomal genetic signatures as MA-1, suggesting that the region was continuously occupied by humans throughout the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings reveal that western Eurasian genetic signatures in modern-day Native Americans derive not only from post-Columbian admixture, as commonly thought, but also from a mixed ancestry of the First Americans.

[Zanzibar]

Saw in some PCAs where Native Americans like Karitiana, Mixe cluster between Altaians who are significantly Western shifted and some South Siberians who also have substantially Western shifted compared to other Eastern Eurasians.

[Zanzibar]

Bump.

[Zanzibar]

In comparison to East Asians, Native Americans are shifted toward western Eurasians in PCAs because ancient gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors, according to Raghavan et al. (2014). R1 is the Y-DNA haplogroup of MA-1, which is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages. The Mal'ta boy (MA-1) lived in south-central Siberia around 24,000 years ago and 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry originated through gene flow from this ancient population.

Are Native Americans as shifted genetically towards Western Eurasians as Kyrgyz, Altai, Khakass, Kazakh?

[Zanzibar]

Bump.