Haplogroups of Sicily

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Haplogroups of Sicily by province, based on more than 150 samples:

https://i.imgur.com/ODeX4Ba.png

[Ajeje Brazorf]

https://www.ethnopedia.info/genitaly/ita.png
https://i.imgur.com/S2rIIF1.png
https://i.imgur.com/tkFii4D.png

[Kelmendasi]

Interesting, E1b1b seems to peak in the heel of Italy where tribes that were possibly of Illyrian origin had settled although obviously the frequency of E1b1b can't only be attributed to them. R1b-L2 seems to have a correlation to Gallo-Italic people and in this case it seems to be the Ligures as it seems to peak in Liguria. The I2 and R1a in the Friuli-Venezia region I would link to the Slavs that neighbor the region like the Slovenes

[Leto]

Interesting stuff, but this one should be moved to the haplogroups section.

[Kriptc06]

Interesting, E1b1b seems to peak in the heel of Italy where tribes that were possibly of Illyrian origin had settled although obviously the frequency of E1b1b can't only be attributed to them. R1b-L2 seems to have a correlation to Gallo-Italic people and in this case it seems to be the Ligures as it seems to peak in Liguria. The I2 and R1a in the Friuli-Venezia region I would link to the Slavs that neighbor the region like the Slovenes

e1b1b peak is right in front of Albania

[Kelmendasi]

e1b1b peak is right in front of Albania
Yh, there are Albanian/Arbereshe communities in the area which could've contributed to the E1b1b there. The E1b1b is most probably 95-99% E-V13 or something like that

[Leto]

Interesting, E1b1b seems to peak in the heel of Italy where tribes that were possibly of Illyrian origin had settled although obviously the frequency of E1b1b can't only be attributed to them. R1b-L2 seems to have a correlation to Gallo-Italic people and in this case it seems to be the Ligures as it seems to peak in Liguria. The I2 and R1a in the Friuli-Venezia region I would link to the Slavs that neighbor the region like the Slovenes
What about Sicily? How strong is the Levantine and North African influence out there in terms of Y-DNA? It looks like even their paternal lineages are mostly European/Neolithic.

[Leto]

http://www.bestofsicily.com/genetics_pie.gif

Attempts to ascertain Sicilian "ethnic" origins should be undertaken with caution because haplogroups do not correspond precisely to medieval or modern conceptions of nationality. At best, they are approximate. For example, J2 is identified with Greeks but also with some Germans.

Speaking very broadly, the most frequent Y haplogroups of the world's most conquered island may be correlated most probably (albeit imprecisely) to the following peoples:
Estimated percentage of haplogroup presence in Sicily circa 1400.• J1 - Arabs, Berbers, Carthaginians, Jews,
• J2 - Greeks, Romans, Jews, Spaniards,
• R1b - Germans, Normans, Longobards, Aragonese, Spaniards, Romans,
• I1 & I2b - Vikings and Normans,
• I & I2a - Elymians,
• E1b1b - Arabs and Berbers,
• G - Arabs and Elymians,
• N - Vikings and Normans,
• K - Arabs, Greeks, Berbers, Carthaginians,
• H - Arabs,
• T - Phoenicians, Carthaginians.
http://www.bestofsicily.com/genetics.htm#haplogroups

[Jana]

Amazing how I2 hotspot in southern Italy is exactly in Molise, where Dalmatian Croats migrated many centuries ago! :D
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molise_Croats

[Kelmendasi]

What about Sicily? How strong is the Levantine and North African influence out there in terms of Y-DNA? It looks like even their paternal lineages are mostly European/Neolithic.
The E1b1b in Sicily is mainly E-V13 so of Balkan origin but there are a few north African clades such as E-M81. Sicily is around 20% E1b1b but i'm not sure what percentage would be E-V13 or E-M81, I would assume that E-V13 is around 15% and E-M81 and other MENA clades are 5% or less. Sicily has 4% J1 which is most certainly of Levantine or Arab origin in them. So I would assume around 9% is MENA if these numbers are correct but of course they may not be.

[Kelmendasi]

http://www.bestofsicily.com/genetics_pie.gif

http://www.bestofsicily.com/genetics.htm#haplogroups
I have seen other sources claim that R1b is most common in Sicily with J2 coming second

[Ajeje Brazorf]

How strong is the Levantine and North African influence out there in terms of Y-DNA?

E-M81 associated with North Africans is very low in Sicily.

Y-haplogroup frequencies among Cypriots and surrounding populations.
journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?type=supplementary&id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0179474.s014

[Leto]

The E1b1b in Sicily is mainly E-V13 so of Balkan origin but there are a few north African clades such as E-M81. Sicily is around 20% E1b1b but i'm not sure what percentage would be E-V13 or E-M81, I would assume that E-V13 is around 15% and E-M81 and other MENA clades are 5% or less. Sicily has 4% J1 which is most certainly of Levantine or Arab origin in them. So I would assume around 9% is MENA if these numbers are correct but of course they may not be.
You seem to have read this study I just found. A good read by the way and quite recent.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2017.1409801

[Percivalle]

The E1b1b in Sicily is mainly E-V13 so of Balkan origin but there are a few north African clades such as E-M81. Sicily is around 20% E1b1b but i'm not sure what percentage would be E-V13 or E-M81, I would assume that E-V13 is around 15% and E-M81 and other MENA clades are 5% or less. Sicily has 4% J1 which is most certainly of Levantine or Arab origin in them. So I would assume around 9% is MENA if these numbers are correct but of course they may not be.

E-M81 exists also in France, and not all the J1 is of recent MENA origin, J1 predates the formation of Arab ethnicities. For example J1 has been found in Mesolithic Karelian Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG) from Russia. And oldest J1 has been found in Upper Paleolithic Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG).

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1j_gbbh1psWPgoR8fol-6phvBkDCUKtKeTOJAq4RH6_c/edit#gid=0

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Sicily is number VII

https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MWmAskEgse0/Uai37lE3ohI/AAAAAAAAI2I/JlgvVTbQcwE/s640/haplogroups_italy.png

https://www.tandfonline.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/tandf/journals/content/iahb20/2018/iahb20.v045.i01/03014460.2017.1409801/20180211/images/large/iahb_a_1409801_f0002_b.jpeg

[Kelmendasi]

E-M81 exists also in France, and not all the J1 is of recent MENA origin, J1 predates the formation of Arab ethnicities. For example J1 has been found in Karelian Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG) from Russia. And other J1 has been found in Georgia with Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG).

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1j_gbbh1psWPgoR8fol-6phvBkDCUKtKeTOJAq4RH6_c/edit#gid=0
Yh there is E-M81 in France but that is most likely from Arabs as Arab samples from southern France that dated during the Medieval were E-M81, but in Sicily it could be from earlier on during the Carthaginian era. J1 itself isn't MENA in origin, it's from the Caucasus/eastern Anatolia region but the clades in Sicily are downstreams of P58, especially from the Levantine branches which were spread with west Semitic speaking peoples from the Levant. Nice link btw, I have wanted to find something like this for ages so thanks

[Kriptc06]

Sicily is number VII

https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MWmAskEgse0/Uai37lE3ohI/AAAAAAAAI2I/JlgvVTbQcwE/s640/haplogroups_italy.png

[imgX[/img]

M123/M34 is interesting, maybe Phoenicians?


--Table:
VII - E1b1b's

M35 2.1%
V12 1.4%
V13 7.1%
V22 2.1%
M81 2.8%
M123 2.1%
--

[Kelmendasi]

M123/M34 is more present than M81 interesting, maybe Phoenicians?
Yh that's interesting, M123 definitely suggests an origin from somewhere in the middle east and not North Africa. Maybe Phoenicians but Jews as well as they have many subclades under E-M123

[Percivalle]

Yh there is E-M81 in France but that is most likely from Arabs as Arab samples from southern France that dated during the Medieval were E-M81, but in Sicily it could be from earlier on during the Carthaginian era. J1 itself isn't MENA in origin, it's from the Caucasus/eastern Anatolia region but the clades in Sicily are downstreams of P58, especially from the Levantine branches which were spread with west Semitic speaking peoples from the Levant. Nice link btw, I have wanted to find something like this for ages so thanks

E-M81 could be older, dating back to Roman times or even older, to contacts during the neolithic between South Europe and North Africa.

Some genetists proposed that J-P58 might have first dispersed during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, and is found in Sardinians

https://www.yfull.com/tree/J-P58/



M123/M34 is interesting, maybe Phoenicians?


--Table:
VII - E1b1b's

M35 2.1%
V12 1.4%
V13 7.1%
V22 2.1%
M81 2.8%
M123 2.1%
--


M123/M34 is hardly to be exclusively Phoenician, it has been found also in Veneto, northeastern Italy.

[Kelmendasi]

E-M81 could be older, dating back to Roman times or even older, to contacts during the neolithic between South Europe and North Africa.

Some genetists proposed that J-P58 might have first dispersed during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, and is found in Sardinians

https://www.yfull.com/tree/J-P58/




M123/M34 is hardly to be exclusively Phoenician, it's has been found even in Veneto, northeastern Italy.
Yh there could be E-M81 in Europe which date to older periods of time but we have to look at the majority of subclades and afaik most subclades belong to the north African group. J1-P58 spread from eastern Anatolia down into the rest of the fertile crescent area so yh Pre-Pottery Neolithic B seems true but the downstreams of P58 like YSC234, which is the most common J1 clade in Italy in general iirc, fits in well with the formation of the Semitic langauges in the Levant and so most likely helped form their Ethnos although the original Afro-Asiatics who came to the region lacked J1.

[Leto]

And what about the study I posted?
https://www.tandfonline.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/tandf/journals/content/iahb20/2018/iahb20.v045.i01/03014460.2017.1409801/20180211/images/large/iahb_a_1409801_f0002_b.jpeg

[Leto]

Haplogroup R is the most frequent (50.1%) with its two main branches, R1a (4.7%) and R1b (45.3%), the latter mainly accounted for by R1b-U152 (49.5% of the total R1b); R2 was not observed. Next is haplogroup J (19.2%), mostly observed as J2 (17.6%), and third is haplogroup E, as E1b (14.6%), mostly represented by its ‘Balkan’ sub-clade E1b-V13. The other main haplogroups show frequencies lower than 10%: haplogroup G (8.4%) and haplogroup I (4.8%).

Northern Italy (Bergamo Valleys and plain, Tortona-Voghera and Borbera Valley) is characterised by an extremely high incidence of the R1b haplogroup (69.0%) when compared to all the other main haplogroups whose frequencies do not reach 10%. This haplogroup, which characterises a wide portion of the gene pool of the examined populations, shows a decreasing frequency pattern from North to South Italy, where it shows its lowest incidence (27.5%).
...
The R1a haplogroup is observed along the entire Peninsula. With the exception of the Tortona-Voghera sample, it displays lower frequencies in the North and in the Centre in comparison with the southern populations, especially those of the Ionian Coast (8.6% in Ionian Calabria, 5.9% in Apulia and 15.8% in Grecìa Salentina).
...
Unlike R1b, haplogroup J frequency increases from North (8.3%) towards Central (13.3%) and Southern Italy, where it reaches the highest value (28.5%).
...
Haplogroup E, mostly represented by E1b-M78, increases in frequency from North (8.3%) to South, where it reaches an incidence of 21.3%.
...
Haplogroup G is not characterised by a clinal distribution pattern. Frequencies higher than 10% were registered in the Borbera Valley (15.3%), Volterra (13.3%), Tyrrhenian Calabria (12.3%) and Apulia (11.8%). Interestingly, most of the samples belong to the sub-haplogroup G2a-L497, which, as R1b-U152, displays a pattern of expansion from Central-North Europe (Supplementary Figure S1).
...
The frequency of haplogroup I is similar in North and South Italy (4.8% and 4.1%, respectively) and higher in the Centre (7.1%), with most of the samples belonging to the I1-M253 and I2-M223 lineages. The detection of I2-M26 Y chromosomes in Volterra is noteworthy.
...
Finally, haplogroup T, which arose and began to differentiate in the Near East about 25 kya (Mendez et al., 2011 Mendez FL, Karafet TM, Krahn T, Ostrer H, Soodyall H, Hammer MF. 2011. Increased resolution of Y-chromosome haplogroup T defines relationships among populations of the Near East, Europe, and Africa. Hum Biol 83:39–53.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) and is observed at low frequencies in Europe and in parts of the Middle East, North and East Africa (Heraclides et al., 2017 Heraclides A, Bashiardes E, Fernández-Domínguez E, Bertoncini S, Chimonas M, Christofi V, King J, et al. 2017. Y-chromosomal analysis of Greek Cypriots reveals a primarily common pre-Ottoman paternal ancestry with Turkish Cypriots. PLoS One 12:e0179474.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), could be a potentially informative marker to discriminate movements in the Mediterranean area. In Italy, it displays frequency spots in central and southern regions (Boattini et al., 2013 Boattini A, Martinez-Cruz B, Sarno S, Harmant C, Useli A, Sanz P, Yang-Yao D, et al. 2013. Uniparental markers in Italy reveal a sex-biased genetic structure and different historical strata. PLoS One 8:e65441.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) and appears sporadically in the North-West; however, the present level of resolution does not provide any useful information to better understand its diffusion.

[Kelmendasi]

And what about the study I posted?
[IMG]https://www.tandfonline.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/tandf/journals/content/iahb20/2018/iahb20.v045.i01/03014460.2017.1409801/20180211/images/large/iahb_a_1409801_f0002_b.jpeg[/MG]
Interesting, the previous table showed Sicily as having more M123 than M81 but this is showing the opposite. E-M81 is 6.3%, E-M34 is 3.1%, so these clades are MENA in origin and account for 9.4% according to the study. J1-P58 which includes Semitic clades is 3.1% so this increases it to 12.5%. Of course this depends on sample size so the percentages are most probably not 100% accurate if they have a low sample size. I was close in my estimation of E-V13, I said it was 15% but the table shows it as 14.1% lol.

[Leto]

Interesting, the previous table showed Sicily as having more M123 than M81 but this is showing the opposite. E-M81 is 6.3%, E-M34 is 3.1%, so these clades are MENA in origin and account for 9.4% according to the study. J1-P58 which includes Semitic clades is 3.1% so this increases it to 12.5%. Of course this depends on sample size so the percentages are most probably not 100% accurate if they have a low sample size. I was close in my estimation of E-V13, I said it was 15% but the table shows it as 14.1% lol.
They also suppose that R1a in the South indicates a Greek influence. Now Sikeliot can safely put the Hellenic banner, lol. :lol:

[Ajeje Brazorf]

They also suppose that R1a in the South indicates a Greek influence. Now Sikeliot can safely put the Hellenic banner, lol. :lol:

Maybe a more recent one.