New genetic study on Iberia

[Token]

Coming soon.

The Iberian Peninsula, lying on the southwestern corner of Europe, provides an excellent opportunity to assess the final impact of population movements entering the continent from the east and to study prehistoric and historic connections with North Africa. Previous studies have addressed the population history of Iberia using ancient genomes, but the final steps leading to the formation of the modern Iberian gene pool during the last 4000 years remain largely unexplored. Here we report genome-wide data from 153 ancient individuals from Iberia, more than doubling the number of available genomes from this region and providing the most comprehensive genetic transect of any region in the world during the last 8000 years. We find that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers dated to the last centuries before the arrival of farmers showed an increased genetic affinity to central European hunter-gatherers, as compared to earlier individuals. During the third millennium BCE, Iberia received newcomers from south and north. The presence of one individual with a North African origin in central Iberia demonstrates early sporadic contacts across the strait of Gibraltar. Beginning ~2500 BCE, the arrival of individuals with steppe-related ancestry had a rapid and widespread genetic impact, with Bronze Age populations deriving ~40% of their autosomal ancestry and 100% of their Y-chromosomes from these migrants. During the later Iron Age, the first genome-wide data from ancient non-Indo-European speakers showed that they were similar to contemporaneous Indo-European speakers and derived most of their ancestry from the earlier Bronze Age substratum. With the exception of Basques, who remain broadly similar to Iron Age populations, during the last 2500 years Iberian populations were affected by additional gene-flow from the Central/Eastern Mediterranean region, probably associated to the Roman conquest, and from North Africa during the Moorish conquest but also in earlier periods, probably related to the Phoenician-Punic colonization of Southern Iberia.

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

Is this the Lalueza-Fox's report?

[Token]

Is this the Lalueza-Fox's report?

Olalde et al.

[Selurong]

I can't wait.

[Token]

deleted

[Lauχum]

Looks like I was right about significant Roman ancestry in modern Spaniards and Portuguese, and with pre-Roman Iberians being like contemporary Basques. It makes complete sense considering Andalusia the centre of Roman settlement scored the highest Tuscan related ancestry on the mainland in nMonte runs, followed by neighbouring Extremadura and Murcia.
https://i.imgur.com/8XX5apN.png

Also interesting how North African gene flow seems to have been occurring since the Bronze Age, so not all of it came with Islamic conquests...

I am excited for this paper, its good to see ancient DNA from Southern Europe and not just constant PIE and Medieval Iceland spam. Hopefully its actually coming soon and wont end up like that early medieval DNA from Poland...

[Token]

Looks like I was right about significant Roman ancestry in modern Spaniards and Portuguese, and with pre-Roman Iberians being like contemporary Basques. It makes complete sense considering Andalusia the centre of Roman settlement scored the highest Tuscan related ancestry on the mainland in nMonte runs, followed by neighbouring Extremadura and Murcia.
https://i.imgur.com/8XX5apN.png

Also interesting how North African gene flow seems to have been occurring since the Bronze Age, so not all of it came with Islamic conquests...

I am excited for this paper, its good to see ancient DNA from Southern Europe and not just constant PIE and Medieval Iceland spam. Hopefully its actually coming soon and wont end up like that early medieval DNA from Poland...

They also need to explain the increase of steppe ancestry in modern individuals compared to Bronze and early Iron Age samples, most notably in the western fringe. They don't give any hint of this on the abstract and if additional geneflow came only from North Africa and East Mediterranean, steppe should logically decrease, not increase.

[Jana]

They also need to explain the increase of steppe ancestry in modern individuals compared to Bronze and early Iron Age samples, most notably in the western fringe. They don't give any hint of this on the abstract and if additional geneflow came only from North Africa and East Mediterranean, steppe should logically decrease, not increase.

Suebi and Visigoths ? There is small amount of Germanic YDNA in Iberia.

[Token]

Suebi and Visigoths ? There is small amount of Germanic YDNA in Iberia.

Maybe, i hypothesized this on anthrogenica. There is additional Northern European and Berber like input in western Iberia vs Spain, the Northern European could be explained by Suebi input. Curiously this type of admixture peaks on Galicia.

[FilhoV]

The Steppe input in Iberia is low I’m scoring 13-17% depending on the calculator

[Token]

The Steppe input in Iberia is low I’m scoring 13-17% depending on the calculator

Nope, it is one of the highest in Southern Europe. Portuguese score around 30%.

'Steppe' on most calculators is badly defined.

[FilhoV]

....,

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

Nope, it is one of the highest in Southern Europe. Portuguese score around 30%.

'Steppe' on most calculators is badly defined.

Are you basing yourself on which paper? I know that in the genetic world things can change from night to day but this report is barely one year old:

Bronze Age Iberia received fewer steppe invaders than the rest of Europe

The genomes of individuals who lived on the Iberian Peninsula in the Bronze Age had minor genetic input from Steppe invaders, suggesting that these migrations played a smaller role in the genetic makeup and culture of Iberian people, compared to other parts of Europe. Daniel Bradley and Rui Martiniano of Trinity College Dublin, in Ireland, and Ana Maria Silva of University of Coimbra, Portugal, report these findings July 27, 2017 in PLOS Genetics.

Between the Middle Neolithic (4200-3500 BC) and the Middle Bronze Age (1740-1430 BC), Central and Northern Europe received a massive influx of people from the Steppe regions of Eastern Europe and Asia. Archaeological digs in Iberia have uncovered changes in culture and funeral rituals during this time, but no one had looked at the genetic impact of these migrations in this part of Europe. Researchers sequenced the genomes of 14 individuals who lived in Portugal during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages and compared them to other ancient and modern genomes.

In contrast with other parts of Europe, they detected only subtle genetic changes between the Portuguese Neolithic and Bronze Age samples resulting from small-scale migration.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-bronze-age-iberia-steppe-invaders.html#jCp

[FilhoV]

Are you basing yourself on which paper? I know that in the genetic world things can get change from night to day but this report is barely one year old:

Bronze Age Iberia received fewer steppe invaders than the rest of Europe

The genomes of individuals who lived on the Iberian Peninsula in the Bronze Age had minor genetic input from Steppe invaders, suggesting that these migrations played a smaller role in the genetic makeup and culture of Iberian people, compared to other parts of Europe. Daniel Bradley and Rui Martiniano of Trinity College Dublin, in Ireland, and Ana Maria Silva of University of Coimbra, Portugal, report these findings July 27, 2017 in PLOS Genetics.

Between the Middle Neolithic (4200-3500 BC) and the Middle Bronze Age (1740-1430 BC), Central and Northern Europe received a massive influx of people from the Steppe regions of Eastern Europe and Asia. Archaeological digs in Iberia have uncovered changes in culture and funeral rituals during this time, but no one had looked at the genetic impact of these migrations in this part of Europe. Researchers sequenced the genomes of 14 individuals who lived in Portugal during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages and compared them to other ancient and modern genomes.

In contrast with other parts of Europe, they detected only subtle genetic changes between the Portuguese Neolithic and Bronze Age samples resulting from small-scale migration.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-bronze-age-iberia-steppe-invaders.html#jCp

How much Steppe you get Viriato on Gedmatch?

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

The Steppe input in Iberia is low I’m scoring 13-17% depending on the calculator

Which calculators did you run?

[FilhoV]

Which calculators did you run?

MDLPK 16

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

MDLPK 16

Viriato: Steppe 17.57%

Mrs. Viriato: Steppe 18.00%

[Kamal900]

Viriato: Steppe 17.57%

Mrs. Viriato: Steppe 18.00%

I'm 12.7% Steppe.

[FilhoV]

Viriato: Steppe 17.57%

Mrs. Viriato: Steppe 18.00%



On 23&me I’m 13.99 and 17.01 on Ancestry raw data

[Lauχum]

They also need to explain the increase of steppe ancestry in modern individuals compared to Bronze and early Iron Age samples, most notably in the western fringe. They don't give any hint of this on the abstract and if additional geneflow came only from North Africa and East Mediterranean, steppe should logically decrease, not increase.

Yeah and it doesn't correlate with Basque-like admixture so it must of been a more recent intrusion. Insular Celtic settlement may be the main factor with lesser additions from Germanic tribes going by Y-lineages.

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

On 23&me I’m 13.99 and 17.01 on Ancestry raw data

I am also only 13% Metal Age Invader on FTDNA Ancient Origins. Nothing seems to indicate a strong input from the Steppe among Iberians according to most runs, genetic tests and reports available.

[Kamal900]

I am also only 13% Metal Age Invader on FTDNA Ancient Origins. Nothing seems to indicate a strong input from the Steppe among Iberians according to most runs, genetic tests and reports available.

Same here. I guess the ancient PIE groups did not leave much impact as they had to the rest of Europe in Iberia.

[Jana]

Gedmatch is not good for steppe ancestry.
metal age invader on FTDNA is actually Iran Neolithic Type of ancestry rather than true steppe, or mix of both, and it peaks in India/Pakistan.

FTDNA developer is Paki Razib Khan so take it with a grain of salt.

[Jana]

Same here. I guess the ancient PIE groups did not leave much impact as they had to the rest of Europe in Iberia.

Completely wrong. Iberia is more steppe derived than Greece and Italy, highest in Southern Europe and that is visible in both Y DNA and autosomal.

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

Gedmatch is not good for steppe ancestry.
metal age invader on FTDNA is actually Iran Neolithic Type of ancestry rather than true steppe, or mix of both, and it peaks in India/Pakistan.

FTDNA developed is Paki Razib Khan so take it with a grain of salt.

It is based on Corded Ware and Yamnaya samples.

[Lauχum]

nMonte results for Iberians using ancient samples, Beaker Netherlands is like 60-65% Yamnaya related so Iberians score in the 25-30% Steppe_EMBA range.

"distance%=2.0032"
Spanish_Andalucia
Beaker_The_Netherlands,37
Iberia_MN,34.4
Anatolia_BA,22
Moroccan,6.6

"distance%=1.6681"
Spanish_Murcia
Beaker_The_Netherlands,39.2
Iberia_MN,35.6
Anatolia_BA,18.6
Moroccan,6.6

"distance%=1.9461"
Portuguese
Beaker_The_Netherlands,41.2
Iberia_MN,32.6
Anatolia_BA,17.2
Moroccan,9

"distance%=2.3397"
Spanish_Aragon
Iberia_MN,40.6
Beaker_The_Netherlands,39.2
Anatolia_BA,17
Moroccan,3.2

"distance%=2.0563"
Spanish_Cantabria
Beaker_The_Netherlands,45.6
Iberia_MN,37.6
Anatolia_BA,14.2
Moroccan,2.6

"distance%=1.7079"
Spanish_Cataluna
Beaker_The_Netherlands,45.8
Iberia_MN,35.4
Anatolia_BA,14
Moroccan,4.8

"distance%=3.0145"
Beaker_The_Netherlands
Yamnaya_Samara,62
LBK_N,25
WHG,13

Indeed GEDmatch calculators cannot be used to calculate steppe ancestry. I would not take them too seriously.

[FilhoV]

I am also only 13% Metal Age Invader on FTDNA Ancient Origins. Nothing seems to indicate a strong input from the Steppe among Iberians according to most runs, genetic tests and reports available.

I’m 63% Farmer, 27% Hunter-Gather, 7% Metal Age and 3% non european

[Jana]

It is based on Corded Ware and Yamnaya samples.

Than why does it peak in Pakistan ? They are less steppe than most Europeans.

[FilhoV]

Makes no sense for Iberians to have high Steppe Anything genetically we are mostly neolithic farmers and western hunter gatherers

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

Completely wrong. Iberia is more steppe derived than Greece and Italy, highest in Southern Europe and that is visible in both Y DNA and autosomal.

What you are saying it is true but my issue is that people are extrapolating the amount of Steppe admixture among Iberians. Migration into the Iberian Peninsula occurred on a much smaller scale compared to the Steppe invasions in Northern, Central and Northwestern Europe.

[Token]

Yeah and it doesn't correlate with Basque-like admixture so it must of been a more recent intrusion. Insular Celtic settlement may be the main factor with lesser additions from Germanic tribes going by Y-lineages.
Britons did settled on the north coast of Galicia and Asturias after being pushed out by the Saxons, the admixture could have been later spread by the reconquista. There is also some L21 in Iberia.

[Jana]

What you are saying it is true but my issue is that people are extrapolating the amount of Steppe admixture among Iberians. Migration into the Iberian Peninsula occurred on a much smaller scale compared to the Steppe invasions in Northern, Central and Northwestern Europe.

Yes, you are right ofcourse. Southern Europeans have Least steppe among all Europeans.
But among Southern Euros Iberians have the most :D

[Ibericus]

The Steppe input in Iberia is low I’m scoring 13-17% depending on the calculator
Steppe in modern Iberia is about 30% in both nMonte and qpAdm and is also confirmed in the next coming Lalueza paper which also gives 30% steppe for Iberians

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

Yes, you are right ofcourse. Southern Europeans have Least steppe among all Europeans.
But among Southern Euros Iberians have the most :D

Croatians and Southern French have more if you consider them to be part of Southern Europe.

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

Steppe in modern Iberia is about 30% in both nMonte and qpAdm and is also confirmed in the next coming Lalueza paper which also gives 30% steppe for Iberians

When is the Lalueza paper coming out, any prediction?

[Token]

Yes, you are right ofcourse. Southern Europeans have Least steppe among all Europeans.
But among Southern Euros Iberians have the most :D

If you consider Northeast Italians as Southern Europeans, those east of Padova score more.

[Jana]

Croatians and Southern French have more if you consider them to be part of Southern Europe.

Geographically yes, but biologically we are pred. Slavic/Eastern European :)

[FilhoV]

Steppe in modern Iberia is about 30% in both nMonte and qpAdm and is also confirmed in the next coming Lalueza paper which also gives 30% steppe for Iberians

What’s the average on Gedmatch?

[Jana]

If you consider Northeast Italians as Southern Europeans, those east of Padova score more.

Yes. But I meant countries as whole. Iberians are more homogenous compared to Italians or Greeks.

[FilhoV]

Steppe in modern Iberia is about 30% in both nMonte and qpAdm and is also confirmed in the next coming Lalueza paper which also gives 30% steppe for Iberians

Also the nMonte that’s the test that LM offers no?

[FilhoV]

This isn’t by the same people of the Biorvx report?

[Token]

Are you basing yourself on which paper? I know that in the genetic world things can change from night to day but this report is barely one year old:

Bronze Age Iberia received fewer steppe invaders than the rest of Europe

The genomes of individuals who lived on the Iberian Peninsula in the Bronze Age had minor genetic input from Steppe invaders, suggesting that these migrations played a smaller role in the genetic makeup and culture of Iberian people, compared to other parts of Europe. Daniel Bradley and Rui Martiniano of Trinity College Dublin, in Ireland, and Ana Maria Silva of University of Coimbra, Portugal, report these findings July 27, 2017 in PLOS Genetics.

Between the Middle Neolithic (4200-3500 BC) and the Middle Bronze Age (1740-1430 BC), Central and Northern Europe received a massive influx of people from the Steppe regions of Eastern Europe and Asia. Archaeological digs in Iberia have uncovered changes in culture and funeral rituals during this time, but no one had looked at the genetic impact of these migrations in this part of Europe. Researchers sequenced the genomes of 14 individuals who lived in Portugal during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages and compared them to other ancient and modern genomes.

In contrast with other parts of Europe, they detected only subtle genetic changes between the Portuguese Neolithic and Bronze Age samples resulting from small-scale migration.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-bronze-age-iberia-steppe-invaders.html#jCp

Bronze Age Iberians were much less steppe than modern ones, around ~15%. Martiniano et al only analyse Bronze Age samples, not modern ones.

[1] "distance%=1.0291 / distance=0.010291"
Beaker_Iberia

Iberia_ChL 48.15
Yamnaya_Kalmykia 15.25
Iberia_MN 15.1
Iberia_Central_CA 14.65
Remedello_BA 6.55

[1] "distance%=2.6341 / distance=0.026341"
Spanish_Cantabria

"Iberia_MN" 59.95
"Yamnaya_Kalmykia" 30.95
"Anatolia_BA" 7.45
"Moroccan" 1.65

[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]

Bronze Age Iberians were much less steppe than modern ones, around ~15%. Martiniano et al only analyse Bronze Age samples, not modern ones.

[1] "distance%=1.0291 / distance=0.010291"
Beaker_Iberia

Iberia_ChL 48.15
Yamnaya_Kalmykia 15.25
Iberia_MN 15.1
Iberia_Central_CA 14.65
Remedello_BA 6.55

[1] "distance%=2.6341 / distance=0.026341"
Spanish_Cantabria

"Iberia_MN" 59.95
"Yamnaya_Kalmykia" 30.95
"Anatolia_BA" 7.45
"Moroccan" 1.65

So how did the Steppe input more than doubled among modern Iberians? I was looked at the Visigoths as a "ghost" population in the peninsula who left little genetic impact if we take into consideration their cheer size (estimations between 300,000 to 500,000 depending on the source, nearly 30 to 50 times more than the Moors).

[Token]

So how did the Steppe input more than doubled among modern Iberians? I was looked at the Visigoths as a "ghost" population in the peninsula who left little genetic impact if we take into consideration their cheer size (estimations between 300,000 to 500,000 depending on the source, nearly 30 to 50 times more than the Moors).

Probably a combination of Insular Celtic and Germanic admixture, but lets see how the Iron Age samples will look like. Depending on the results, we have two routes of explanation:

1. If Iron Age samples turns out to be as much steppe as modern Iberians, the additional steppe was brought either by Hallstatt and La Tené migrants by the early Iron Age or by Northwestern European traders during the Atlantic Bronze Age horizon. Tube sickles were excavated from Bronze Age sites in Central Portugal and Galicia, suggesting some pre-historic trading between Iberia and Britain.

2. If the samples turns out to be considerably less steppe than modern Iberians, then most of the change probably occured in early Medieval times, with expelled Britons seeking refuge in Galicia and Asturias and consquently mixing with the local population. The admixture was later spread to the south with the reconquista.

[FilhoV]

Bronze Age Iberians were much less steppe than modern ones, around ~15%. Martiniano et al only analyse Bronze Age samples, not modern ones.

[1] "distance%=1.0291 / distance=0.010291"
Beaker_Iberia

Iberia_ChL 48.15
Yamnaya_Kalmykia 15.25
Iberia_MN 15.1
Iberia_Central_CA 14.65
Remedello_BA 6.55

[1] "distance%=2.6341 / distance=0.026341"
Spanish_Cantabria

"Iberia_MN" 59.95
"Yamnaya_Kalmykia" 30.95
"Anatolia_BA" 7.45
"Moroccan" 1.65


Do you have modern day portuguese

[Token]

Do you have modern day portuguese

Portuguese

Barcin_N 54.2
Yamnaya_Samara 29.8
WHG 10.8
Iberomaurusian 5.3
Levant_N 0.0
Yoruba 0.0

[FilhoV]

Portuguese

Barcin_N 54.2
Yamnaya_Samara 29.8
WHG 10.8
Iberomaurusian 5.3
Levant_N 0.0
Yoruba 0.0

Barcin i’m assuming is basically neolithic farmer? Also I thought that WHG would be higher unless it’s SHG?

[Token]

Barcin i’m assuming is basically neolithic farmer? Also I thought that WHG would be higher unless it’s SHG?

Yes, it is. Most of the WHG is hidden under Barcin_N.

[Ibericus]

So how did the Steppe input more than doubled among modern Iberians? I was looked at the Visigoths as a "ghost" population in the peninsula who left little genetic impact if we take into consideration their cheer size (estimations between 300,000 to 500,000 depending on the source, nearly 30 to 50 times more than the Moors).
Late Bronze / Early Iron Age, was the final turnover in the population (that's why also R1b became finally the dominant y-dna). See how we can model Iberians with the new Halstatt Celts samples :

1] "distance%=2.3037 / distance=0.023037"

Spanish_Cantabria

Hallstatt_Bylany 65.00
Iberia_N 13.75
Cypriot 10.45
Iberia_ChL 8.95
Moroccan 1.85

So basically: 65% Iron Age Celt, 23% pre-Steppe (farmers who mixed with local WHG), 10% East-Med/West-Asia (Romans ?) , 2% North-Africa


For Basques is about 70% Halstatt Celt - 30% pre-Steppe :

[1] "distance%=3.0205 / distance=0.030205"

Spanish_Pais_Vasco

Hallstatt_Bylany 70.1
Iberia_N 15.9
Iberia_ChL 12.4
Cypriot 1.5

[Aren]

I've said this many times before that there is indeed a significant Bronze Age Anatolian input in Iberia, much like rest of Southern Europe. It could also be pre-Roman since it's basically almost absent in France.

"distance%=1.8478"

Portuguese

Globular_Amphora,34.2
Yamnaya_Samara,24.8
Iberia_Central_CA,17.8
Anatolia_BA,12.2
Mozabite,11

"distance%=1.8998"

Spanish_Andalucia

Globular_Amphora,54.2
Yamnaya_Samara,22.4
Anatolia_BA,15.6
Mozabite,7.8

"distance%=1.9924"

Italian_Bergamo

Globular_Amphora,36
Anatolia_BA,27
Yamnaya_Samara,23.2
Remedello_BA,13.8

"distance%=1.8444"

French_East

Globular_Amphora,55.6
Yamnaya_Samara,38.6
Anatolia_BA,5.8

[FilhoV]

I've said this many times before that there is indeed a significant Bronze Age Anatolian input in Iberia, much like rest of Southern Europe. It could also be pre-Roman since it's basically almost absent in France.

"distance%=1.8478"

Portuguese

Globular_Amphora,34.2
Yamnaya_Samara,24.8
Iberia_Central_CA,17.8
Anatolia_BA,12.2
Mozabite,11

"distance%=1.8998"

Spanish_Andalucia

Globular_Amphora,54.2
Yamnaya_Samara,22.4
Anatolia_BA,15.6
Mozabite,7.8

"distance%=1.9924"

Italian_Bergamo

Globular_Amphora,36
Anatolia_BA,27
Yamnaya_Samara,23.2
Remedello_BA,13.8

"distance%=1.8444"

French_East

Globular_Amphora,55.6
Yamnaya_Samara,38.6
Anatolia_BA,5.8


What is Globar

[Jana]

I've said this many times before that there is indeed a significant Bronze Age Anatolian input in Iberia, much like rest of Southern Europe. It could also be pre-Roman since it's basically almost absent in France.

"distance%=1.8478"

Portuguese

Globular_Amphora,34.2
Yamnaya_Samara,24.8
Iberia_Central_CA,17.8
Anatolia_BA,12.2
Mozabite,11

"distance%=1.8998"

Spanish_Andalucia

Globular_Amphora,54.2
Yamnaya_Samara,22.4
Anatolia_BA,15.6
Mozabite,7.8

"distance%=1.9924"

Italian_Bergamo

Globular_Amphora,36
Anatolia_BA,27
Yamnaya_Samara,23.2
Remedello_BA,13.8

"distance%=1.8444"

French_East

Globular_Amphora,55.6
Yamnaya_Samara,38.6
Anatolia_BA,5.8

I am very suspicious of your post, because you have showed bias in the past to make Iberians less steppe and more African than They are.

[Aren]

What is Globar

Early Bronze Age farmer culture in Central Europe. It has high WHG input in comparison with other farmers of Europe at that time. The Bell Beakers/Corded Ware mixed with these(and the Funnelbeakers) before pushing further into Europe.

[Aren]

I am very suspicious of your post, because you have showed bias in the past to meke Iberians less steppe and more African than They are.

Oh no!

[FilhoV]

Oh no!

And Iberia central?

[Aren]

And Iberia central?

Basically same thing but with somewhat different proportions of WHG and Anatolian farmer. Also GAC already has some minor EHG input.

[Damião de Góis]

pre-Roman Iberians being like contemporary Basques.

The Pre-Roman samples avaliable are too old. It would be interesting to see the results of these people:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_and_Phoenician_Colonies_in_The_Iberian_Penin sula.png/1024px-Greek_and_Phoenician_Colonies_in_The_Iberian_Penin sula.png

[FilhoV]

I’ll stick to the FTDNA Ancient Origins it’s basically a simplification of this terminology this study just goes more in-depth, hopefully The study will be able to explain how this mixture came about

[FilhoV]

GED match results of late Bronze Age Portuguese man from southern Portugal

Kit Number: T277697 Elapsed Time: 4.91 seconds

Population
North_Atlantic 46.80
Baltic 4.86
West_Med 45.59
West_Asian -
East_Med 2.75
Red_Sea -
South_Asian -
East_Asian -
Siberian -
Amerindian -
Oceanian -
Northeast_African -
Sub-Saharan -

[FilhoV]

Population
Amerindian -
Arabian -
Armenian -
Basque 13.39
Central_African -
Central_Euro -
East_African -
East_Asian -
East_Balkan -
East_Central_Asian -
East_Central_Euro -
East_Med -
Eastern_Euro -
Fennoscandian -
French 12.72
Iberian 29.65
Indo-Chinese -
Italian 10.51
Malayan -
Near_Eastern -
North_African -
North_Atlantic 4.80
North_Caucasian -
North_Sea 7.52
Northeast_African -
Oceanian -
Omotic -
Pygmy -
Siberian -
South_Asian -
South_Central_Asian -
South_Chinese -
Volga-Ural -
West_African -
West_Caucasian -
West_Med 21.41

[FilhoV]

MDLP World Oracle results:

Kit T277697

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 South_and_West_European 70.18
2 North_and_East_European 23.99
3 Middle_East 4.99
4 Arctic_Amerind 0.83

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Basque 3.11
2 Spaniard 12.13
3 Iberian 13.65
4 Portugese 16.96
5 French 17.91
6 Corsican 18.63
7 Provancal 19.38
8 Kosovar 19.62
9 Italian_North 19.7
10 Sardinian 19.76
11 Swiss 20.74
12 Italian-North 22.18
13 German-South 22.23
14 Gok4 23.08
15 Bra1 23.29
16 British 24.31
17 Montenegrin 24.61
18 Orcadian 24.63
19 CEU 25.43
20 Serbian 25.63

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 89.2% Basque + 10.8% Sardinian @ 2.02
2 93.5% Basque + 6.5% Otzi @ 2.38
3 94.3% Basque + 5.7% Gok4 @ 2.79
4 95.2% Basque + 4.8% Bra1 @ 2.89
5 98.4% Basque + 1.6% Mozabite @ 2.97
6 98.2% Basque + 1.8% Jew_Morocco @ 2.99
7 99% Basque + 1% Jew_Yemen @ 2.99
8 98.5% Basque + 1.5% Jew_Libya @ 3.02
9 98.8% Basque + 1.2% Moroccan @ 3.02
10 99.1% Basque + 0.9% Bedouin @ 3.02
11 99.2% Basque + 0.8% Saudi @ 3.03
12 98.4% Basque + 1.6% Sephardim @ 3.03
13 98.6% Basque + 1.4% Jew_Tunisia @ 3.03
14 98.6% Basque + 1.4% Jew_Algeria @ 3.04
15 98.4% Basque + 1.6% Jew_France @ 3.04
16 99% Basque + 1% Samaritian @ 3.04
17 98.5% Basque + 1.5% Jew_Italia @ 3.05
18 99.1% Basque + 0.9% Egyptian @ 3.05
19 99.2% Basque + 0.8% Palestinian @ 3.07
20 99.5% Basque + 0.5% Jew_Ethiopia @ 3.07

[FilhoV]

Kit Number: T277697 Elapsed Time: 3.22 seconds


Population
Amerindian -
Ancestral_Altaic 0.67
South_Central_Asian -
Arctic -
South_Indian -
Australoid -
Austronesian -
Caucasian 9.43
Archaic_Human -
East_African -
East_Siberian -
European_Early_Farmers 67.37
Khoisan -
Melano_Polynesian -
Archaic_African -
Near_East -
North_African 5.09
Paleo_Siberian -
African_Pygmy -
South_East_Asian -
Subsaharian -
Tungus-Altaic -
European_Hunters_Gatherers 17.41

[Lauχum]

The Pre-Roman samples avaliable are too old. It would be interesting to see the results of these people:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_and_Phoenician_Colonies_in_The_Iberian_Penin sula.png/1024px-Greek_and_Phoenician_Colonies_in_The_Iberian_Penin sula.png

Whilst at the moment we only have Bronze age samples, the abstract in OP says in the last 2500 years Iberia has been impacted by gene flow from an 'eastern source', with the exception of Basques, who remained similar to the Iron Age populations. So those groups will probably be Basque-like.

[AphroditeWorshiper]

Whilst at the moment we only have Bronze age samples, the abstract in OP says in the last 2500 years Iberia has been impacted by gene flow from an 'eastern source', with the exception of Basques, who remained similar to the Iron Age populations. So those groups will probably be Basque-like.

That's exactly what I think too

Ibero language it's similar to Basque(Vascones) and Aquitanian(who was mixed people of Basque and Gaulish)

what it's still weird, it's the connection of Lusitanian language with Italic, and Tartessian it's still a mistery(probably a mix of Iberos and Celtic)

[Lauχum]

That's exactly what I think too

Ibero language it's similar to Basque(Vascones) and Aquitanian(who was mixed people of Basque and Gaulish)

what it's still weird, it's the connection of Lusitanian language with Italic, and Tartessian it's still a mistery(probably a mix of Iberos and Celtic)

If I had to make a guess. I'd say Lusitanian would be a linguistic remnant of the Beaker expansions during the Bronze Age, which is why it has similarities with Italic (and Celtic as well IIRC), all of these being ultimately steppe Beaker derived languages. Then during the Iron Age you see the arrival of Celtic languages with the La Tene Culture.

[AphroditeWorshiper]

If I had to make a guess. I'd say Lusitanian would be a linguistic remnant of the Beaker expansions during the Bronze Age, which is why it has similarities with Italic (and Celtic as well IIRC), all of these being ultimately steppe Beaker derived languages. Then during the Iron Age you see the arrival of Celtic languages with the La Tene Culture.

Amazing theory!

another remnant of Beaker language could be Pictish

[Dragoon]

Always thought its possible that people travelled from North Africa to Iberia or Pacific Islanders to the Americas.