Lugh
09-22-2018, 03:55 AM
Very important new study by the man, the myth, the legend Iosif Lazaridis...
Biorxrv link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/09/20/423079
PDF: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/09/20/423079.full.pdf
"The earliest ancient DNA data of modern humans from Europe dates to ~40 thousand years ago, but that from the Caucasus and the Near East to only ~14 thousand years ago, from populations who lived long after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ~26.5-19 thousand years ago. To address this imbalance and to better understand the relationship of Europeans and Near Easterners, we report genome-wide data from two ~26 thousand year old individuals from Dzudzuana Cave in Georgia in the Caucasus from around the beginning of the LGM. Surprisingly, the Dzudzuana population was more closely related to early agriculturalists from western Anatolia ~8 thousand years ago than to the hunter-gatherers of the Caucasus from the same region of western Georgia of ~13-10 thousand years ago. Most of the Dzudzuana population's ancestry was deeply related to the post-glacial western European hunter-gatherers of the 'Villabruna cluster', but it also had ancestry from a lineage that had separated from the great majority of non-African populations before they separated from each other, proving that such 'Basal Eurasians' were present in West Eurasia twice as early as previously recorded. We document major population turnover in the Near East after the time of Dzudzuana, showing that the highly differentiated Holocene populations of the region were formed by 'Ancient North Eurasian' admixture into the Caucasus and Iran and North African admixture into the Natufians of the Levant. We finally show that the Dzudzuana population contributed the majority of the ancestry of post-Ice Age people in the Near East, North Africa, and even parts of Europe, thereby becoming the largest single contributor of ancestry of all present-day West Eurasians."
The main findings of the paper are basically:
-The Palaeolithic Georgian hunter gatherer, Dzudzuana, forms a genetic clade with Anatolian Farmers of the Neolithic and is a mixture between a WHG/Villabruna-related population and Basal Eurasians.
-Instead of Iberomaurusians being a mixture of Natufian-like populations and SSA (which is how they were originally reported), Natufians are a mix of a Iberomaurusian-like population and hunter gatherers related to Dzudzuana.
-Iberomaurusians and by extension Natufians have ancestry from a population even more archaic than the elusive "Basal Eurasians", but less so than Sub-Saharan populations, called "Ancestral North African" by Lazaridis
-West Africans (Yoruba) have minor non-SSA ancestry from an Iberomaurusian-like source, around 12.5%
-ANE/Ancient North Eurasians (Represented by Mal'ta boy aka MA1), is modelled as basically 1/4 Tianyuan (Palaeolithic East Asian) and 3/4 of a population related to the Russian palaeolithic hunter gatherers Kostenki14 and Sunghir3. Hence, nearly all modern day West Eurasians (except for perhaps Sardinians) have ENA (Eastern Non-African) ancestry via ANE.
-Populations such as CHG and Iran_N were formed from Dzudzuana-like populations mixing with ANE.
Their qpGraph, which overall is a pretty good visual summary of the entire paper...
https://i.imgur.com/etxtPKT.png
PCA with Dzudzuana, showing its relationship with Neolithic Anatolia...
https://i.imgur.com/PXXeq81.png
Biorxrv link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/09/20/423079
PDF: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/09/20/423079.full.pdf
"The earliest ancient DNA data of modern humans from Europe dates to ~40 thousand years ago, but that from the Caucasus and the Near East to only ~14 thousand years ago, from populations who lived long after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ~26.5-19 thousand years ago. To address this imbalance and to better understand the relationship of Europeans and Near Easterners, we report genome-wide data from two ~26 thousand year old individuals from Dzudzuana Cave in Georgia in the Caucasus from around the beginning of the LGM. Surprisingly, the Dzudzuana population was more closely related to early agriculturalists from western Anatolia ~8 thousand years ago than to the hunter-gatherers of the Caucasus from the same region of western Georgia of ~13-10 thousand years ago. Most of the Dzudzuana population's ancestry was deeply related to the post-glacial western European hunter-gatherers of the 'Villabruna cluster', but it also had ancestry from a lineage that had separated from the great majority of non-African populations before they separated from each other, proving that such 'Basal Eurasians' were present in West Eurasia twice as early as previously recorded. We document major population turnover in the Near East after the time of Dzudzuana, showing that the highly differentiated Holocene populations of the region were formed by 'Ancient North Eurasian' admixture into the Caucasus and Iran and North African admixture into the Natufians of the Levant. We finally show that the Dzudzuana population contributed the majority of the ancestry of post-Ice Age people in the Near East, North Africa, and even parts of Europe, thereby becoming the largest single contributor of ancestry of all present-day West Eurasians."
The main findings of the paper are basically:
-The Palaeolithic Georgian hunter gatherer, Dzudzuana, forms a genetic clade with Anatolian Farmers of the Neolithic and is a mixture between a WHG/Villabruna-related population and Basal Eurasians.
-Instead of Iberomaurusians being a mixture of Natufian-like populations and SSA (which is how they were originally reported), Natufians are a mix of a Iberomaurusian-like population and hunter gatherers related to Dzudzuana.
-Iberomaurusians and by extension Natufians have ancestry from a population even more archaic than the elusive "Basal Eurasians", but less so than Sub-Saharan populations, called "Ancestral North African" by Lazaridis
-West Africans (Yoruba) have minor non-SSA ancestry from an Iberomaurusian-like source, around 12.5%
-ANE/Ancient North Eurasians (Represented by Mal'ta boy aka MA1), is modelled as basically 1/4 Tianyuan (Palaeolithic East Asian) and 3/4 of a population related to the Russian palaeolithic hunter gatherers Kostenki14 and Sunghir3. Hence, nearly all modern day West Eurasians (except for perhaps Sardinians) have ENA (Eastern Non-African) ancestry via ANE.
-Populations such as CHG and Iran_N were formed from Dzudzuana-like populations mixing with ANE.
Their qpGraph, which overall is a pretty good visual summary of the entire paper...
https://i.imgur.com/etxtPKT.png
PCA with Dzudzuana, showing its relationship with Neolithic Anatolia...
https://i.imgur.com/PXXeq81.png