Genetic diversity of Croatian Islands

[Jana]

Only bigger and more populous Islands were tested. Here is their map:
https://i.imgur.com/bdUGdxW.png

R1a1a frequency

-Cres Island 56.5 %
-Krk Island 37 %
-Brač Island 25 %
-Korčula Island 20 %
-Vis Island 17 %
-Hvar Island 8 %

I2a1b frequency

-Hvar Island 65 %
-Brač & Korčula Island 55 %
-Vis Island 44.6 %
-Krk Island 27 %
-Cres Island 3 %

R1b1b frequency

-Dugi Otok Island 25 %
-Krk Island 16.2 %
-southern Islands (Brač, Hvar, Korčula, Mljet, Vis) 1-6 %

E1b1b frequency

-Vis Island 23.4 %
-Mljet Island 15.4 %
-Dugi Otok Island 15.9 %
-Ugljan Island 13.2 %
-Krk Island 6.8 %
-Southern Islands (Brač, Hvar, Korčula) 3.7-4.3 %
-Cres Island 3%

J2 frequency

-Pašman Island 16.6 %
-Cres Island 14.1 %
-Krk Island 10.8 %
-Ugljan Island 10.2 %

G2a frequency

-Mljet Island 15.4 %
-Korčula Island 10.4 %
-Cres Island 7 %
-Brač Island 6 %

I1 frequency

-Krk Island 17 %
-Brač Island 17 %

Q frequency

-Hvar Island 14 %
-Korčula Island 6 %


Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats

[Jana]

Interesting study: https://www.nature.com/articles/5201589

3000 years of solitude: extreme differentiation in the island isolates of Dalmatia, Croatia

[Carpatz]

Q frequency

-Hvar Island 14 %
-Korčula Island 6 %
what's this about

[Jana]

Also this: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41147118_Mitochondrial_DNA_heritage_of_Cres_Island ers--example_of_Croatian_genetic_outliers

Diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of the Island of Cres was determined by high-resolution phylogenetic analysis on a sample of 119 adult unrelated individuals from eight settlements. The composition of mtDNA pool of this Island population is in contrast with other Croatian and European populations. The analysis revealed the highest frequency of haplogroup U (29.4%) with the predominance of one single lineage of subhaplogroup U2e (20.2%). Haplogroup H is the second most prevalent one with only 27.7%. Other very interesting features of contemporary Island population are extremely low frequency of haplogroup J (only 0.84%), and much higher frequency of haplogroup W (12.6%) comparing to other Croatian and European populations. Especially interesting finding is a strikingly higher frequency of haplogroup N1a (9.24%) presented with African/south Asian branch almost absent in Europeans, while its European sister-branch, proved to be highly prevalent among Neolithic farmers, is present in contemporary Europeans with only 0.2%. Haplotype analysis revealed that only five mtDNA lineages account for almost 50% of maternal genetic heritage of this island and they present supposed founder lineages. All presented findings confirm that genetic drift, especially founder effect, has played significant role in shaping genetic composition of the isolated population of the Island of Cres. Due to presented data contemporary population of Cres Island can be considered as genetic "outlier" among Croatian populations.

(PDF) Mitochondrial DNA heritage of Cres Islanders--example of Croatian genetic outliers.

[Jana]

what's this about

It seems to be Levantine type of Q that arrive with Jewish traders. But it is originally Siberian/Turkic marker, I guess Khazar influence among Jews or something like that.
My paternal grandmother is from Hvar Island, and she was classified as Gracile Med with Turanid influence. :P

[Sp_loa]

Do they differ autosomally? Can you find somewhere a proto-Balkan croat without(/with little) Slavic admix?
Do Croatian from different areas differ in the amount of Slavic blood they have?

[Jana]

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230628507_Maternal_Genetic_Legacy_of_the_Eastern_A driatic_Island_of_Krk_-_An_Interplay_of_Evolutionary_Forces_and_Island%27 s_Historical_Events_in_Shaping_the_Genetic_Structu re_of_Contemporary_Island_Population

This study presents genetic diversity and structure of contemporary Krk islanders revealed by high-resolution mitochondrial DNA analysis on a sample of 132 unrelated autochthonous adults from seven different settlements and regions of the island. Relatively high level of haplogroup and haplotype diversity in the overall island sample is an indicator of numerous migrations and gene flows throughout the history. Expectedly, the results show the highest frequency of haplogroup H (33.3%), yet this value is much lower compared to different Croatian and other European mainland populations. An interesting finding refers to highly elevated frequencies of some haplogroups, otherwise rare in Croatia and most of the Europe, such as I (11.3%) and W (7.6%) in Krk population, especially pronounced in some settlements. At the level of settlements, many of the major European haplogroups were found to be absent from their mtDNA gene pools, whereas several others show a pronounced deviation from an average. Overall, our results suggest a tangled interplay of different evolutionary forces, such as founder effects and a few strong bottlenecks, presumably due to epidemics, which have occurred in various periods of the island's history. Cultural customs, such as frequent endogamy in some regions of the island during past centuries, have additionally shaped its genetic structure into the observed present-day diversity patterns.

[Sp_loa]

Isn't E1b1b Berber Haplogroup?

[Jana]

https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg201623

The Croatian Adriatic islands are geographically isolated, habitat-unique localities characterized by distinctive population histories, which include varying founding times and consequent population age, severe plague bottlenecks and massive waves of emigration due to deteriorating economical conditions.The genetic structure was also affected by historic events, such as near annihilation of the island populations in the conflicts with the ancient Roman Empire, a shift caused by the massive Slavs arrival in ~700 AD and clashes with the Ottoman Empire.Genetic studies revealed a reduction of haplotype diversity in Vis compared to an outbread population from Scotland and presented a founder effect in Vis mtDNA sequences. Besides drift and increased homogeneity, isolated populations also tend to harbour unique rare variants, making them very useful tools in genetic association studies

As expected, some Islander communities are quite inbred and genetic isolates.

[Carpatz]

Isn't E1b1b Berber Haplogroup?

It's most likely Balkan E-V13 in Croatia's case

[Jana]

Do they differ autosomally? Can you find somewhere a proto-Balkan croat without(/with little) Slavic admix?
Do Croatian from different areas differ in the amount of Slavic blood they have?
So far it doesn't seem to be the case. But I have never seen pure islander gedatch to know. I am just half islander. Hopefully new Croatian member who is Islander make a DNA test :)


Isn't E1b1b Berber Haplogroup?
No, I mean it is European type of E, E-V13

[Sp_loa]

So far it doesn't seem to be the case. But I have never seen pure islander gedatch to know. I am just half islander. Hopefully new Croatian member who is Islander make a DNA test :)


No, I mean it is European type of E, E-V13

It will be cool. I imagine original croats (before Slavs) being similar to modern day Tuscans/Albanians/North Greeks Genetically (and phenotypically)

[JQP4545]

Only bigger and more populous Islands were tested. Here is their map:


I2a1b frequency

-Hvar Island 65 %
-Brač & Korčula Island 55 %
-Vis Island 44.6 %
-Krk Island 27 %
-Cres Island 3 %



Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats

This is one of the stronger pieces of evidence that I have seen that I2a predates the Slavs arrival in the Balkans.

[Jana]

This is one of the stronger pieces of evidence that I have seen that I2a predates the Slavs arrival in the Balkans.

Obviously not, because Croat/Slavs settled the islands already in middle ages. I2-din is Slavic, deal with it.

[Jana]

It will be cool. I imagine original croats (before Slavs) being similar to modern day Tuscans/Albanians/North Greeks Genetically (and phenotypically)

You mean original inhabitants of Croatia :P yea I am sure they were like Albos/Tuscans/Greeks
Original Croats may have been Sarmatians from pontic steppe, that later slavicized or ruled over Slavs in Ukraine and Poland.

[Dick]

No I1 dosnt surprise me.

[Jana]

No I1 dosnt surprise me.

There is, 17 percent of I1 on Krk and Brac Island, I forgot to post it

Will edit the OP

[Dick]

There is, 17 percent of I1 on Krk and Brac Island, I forgot to post it

Will edit the OP

Alright then. Both islands would make sense

[MercifulServant]

Croats are brown irl

[Thorns]

That is very interesting. What is the dominant HG in the rest of Croatia? Does it very as much?

I guess I could look it up but I wouldn't have expected this.

[Anglojew]

Any idea which Q subclades?

[Jana]

Any idea which Q subclades?

Same as yours, Q1b, according to data I have.

[Jana]

That is very interesting. What is the dominant HG in the rest of Croatia? Does it very as much?

I guess I could look it up but I wouldn't have expected this.

It's similar, but islands are more varied due to isolation and bottleneck affects. There are some small communities that originate from few men, so it can't compare to mainland populations.

[Anglojew]

Same as yours, Q1b, according to data I have.

Thank you. That's what I suspected. Now we need to find out why

[Kelmendasi]

From my understanding the Avars did settle some of the western Balkans going by archaeology, perhaps this is the reason for Q? Though I don't think they had contact in the Islands

[Anglojew]

From my understanding the Avars did settle some of the western Balkans going by archaeology, perhaps this is the reason for Q? Though I don't think they had contact in the Islands

It could be or it could be Phoenician, Jewish, Scythian, Hun, come with the IE or more ancient. Maybe it's proof of the Iranian hypothesis for Croat and Serbs?

[Jana]

From my understanding the Avars did settle some of the western Balkans going by archaeology, perhaps this is the reason for Q? Though I don't think they had contact in the Islands

It could be or it could be Phoenician, Jewish, Scythian, Hun, or more ancient

I forgot to say on Hvar Island there is also present mtDNA F which is mongoloid from east/southeast Asia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11571562


Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism was analysed in a sample of 108 Croatians from the Adriatic Island isolate of Hvar. Besides typically European varieties of human maternal lineages, haplogroup F was found in a considerable frequency (8.3%). This haplogroup is most frequent in southeast Asia but has not been reported before in Europe.

[Not a Cop]

-Krk Island 10.8 %

Does it sounds as written?

[Anglojew]

I forgot to say on Hvar Island there is also present mtDNA F which is mongoloid from east/southeast Asia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11571562

Wow thanks. That's very interesting.

[Jana]

Does it sounds as written?

Yep :) I can't imgine a uglier name, real tounge twister hehe

[Dick]

Captain Krk

[Ülev]

Yep :) I can't imgine a uglier name, real tounge twister hehe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C4%8D_prst_skrz_krk

[Dalmatinac]

The data does not fit the maths. Here's the collected data for the island of Brač (I used lowest values):

I2a1b - 55%
R1a1a - 25%
I1 - 17%
G2a - 6%
E1b1b - 3.7%
R1b1b - 1%

This summed up gives more than 100%. Something's not right there. Probably some values were collected from different sources. It should be checked again

[Jana]

The data does not fit the maths. Here's the collected data for the island of Brač (I used lowest values):

I2a1b - 55%
R1a1a - 25%
I1 - 17%
G2a - 6%
E1b1b - 3.7%
R1b1b - 1%

This summed up gives more than 100%. Something's not right there. Probably some values were collected from different sources. It should be checked again

I1 data is from another study.

[Norb]

what is the population on these islands? they are tiny

[Dalmatinac]

I1 data is from another study.

That makes sense, but then it's better not to list these values from different studies alltogether. What's the I1 value from the first study? I'm trying to get the whole genetic picture of the island.

[Dalmatinac]

what is the population on these islands? they are tiny

Krk ~ 20.000
Korčula ~17.000
Brač ~14.000
Hvar ~ 11.000
Rab ~ 10.000
Pag ~ 10.000
Rest are really tiny, about 5.000 inhabitants or less

[Jana]

That makes sense, but then it's better not to list these values from different studies alltogether. What's the I1 value from the first study? I'm trying to get the whole genetic picture of the island.

It is not mentioned at all, at least not on the wiki page.

[Mingle]

It could be or it could be Phoenician, Jewish, Scythian, Hun, come with the IE or more ancient. Maybe it's proof of the Iranian hypothesis for Croat and Serbs?

Nope, Q has nothing to do with Iranics. And the Iranic hypothesis theory for Croats states that Proto-Iranics passed the name to Proto-Slavs and then it went from Proto-Slavs to Croats rather than directly from Iranics to Croats. Iranics also never traveled all the way to Dalmatia. Since East Eurasian mtDNA is also present in Hvar, its most likely from Avars. If not from Avars, then from Jews.

[Adam Janossy]

New information! I am not only Islander with I2a1b - Y4460 marker in family , very very rare among Croats! Two other cases of Islanders with same haplogroup were reported so far, and that's really interesting :)
This marker is practically absent on mainland !

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/a7/33/cd/a733cd2eb0d30969962917074029fb14.png

[Ayetooey]

New information! I am not only Islander with I2a1b - Y4460 marker in family , very very rare among Croats! Two other cases of Islanders with same haplogroup were reported so far, and that's really interesting :)
This marker is practically absent on mainland !

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/a7/33/cd/a733cd2eb0d30969962917074029fb14.png

Nice map. Whats the source of it? I'd like to look up big Y tested matches subclade.

[Adam Janossy]

Nice map. Whats the source of it? I'd like to look up big Y tested matches subclade.

Anđelko made it. :) Looks like Rurik belonged to same lineage!

[vidovic]

Only bigger and more populous Islands were tested. Here is their map:
https://i.imgur.com/bdUGdxW.png

R1a1a frequency

-Cres Island 56.5 %
-Krk Island 37 %
-Brač Island 25 %
-Korčula Island 20 %
-Vis Island 17 %
-Hvar Island 8 %

I2a1b frequency

-Hvar Island 65 %
-Brač & Korčula Island 55 %
-Vis Island 44.6 %
-Krk Island 27 %
-Cres Island 3 %

R1b1b frequency

-Dugi Otok Island 25 %
-Krk Island 16.2 %
-southern Islands (Brač, Hvar, Korčula, Mljet, Vis) 1-6 %

E1b1b frequency

-Vis Island 23.4 %
-Mljet Island 15.4 %
-Dugi Otok Island 15.9 %
-Ugljan Island 13.2 %
-Krk Island 6.8 %
-Southern Islands (Brač, Hvar, Korčula) 3.7-4.3 %
-Cres Island 3%

J2 frequency

-Pašman Island 16.6 %
-Cres Island 14.1 %
-Krk Island 10.8 %
-Ugljan Island 10.2 %

G2a frequency

-Mljet Island 15.4 %
-Korčula Island 10.4 %
-Cres Island 7 %
-Brač Island 6 %

I1 frequency

-Krk Island 17 %
-Brač Island 17 %

Q frequency

-Hvar Island 14 %
-Korčula Island 6 %


Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats

do you have any autosomal islander tests? this shows only a tiny picture. i wonder are they autosomally cut off from us like corsicans are from the french

[Lucas]

do you have any autosomal islander tests? this shows only a tiny picture. i wonder are they autosomally cut off from us like corsicans are from the french


They were published in K13 Croatian thread I think

[Jana]

do you have any autosomal islander tests? this shows only a tiny picture. i wonder are they autosomally cut off from us like corsicans are from the french

Read the thread before asking rhetorical questions. Corsicans are not French.

[vidovic]

Read the thread before asking rhetorical questions. Corsicans are not French.

they consider themselves french therefore they are french. if they're not french because of surnames or something, neither are north croats who's surnames are closer to slovenia than the rest of Croatia

before you started being shitty like you always are, you could have just said "no"

[vidovic]

They were published in K13 Croatian thread I think

can't find anything

[Jana]

they consider themselves french therefore they are french.

They are ethnically Italian and their genetics is central Italian like with Sardinian like input.


if they're not french because of surnames or something, neither are north croats who's surnames are closer to slovenia than the rest of Croatia

before you started being shitty like you always are, you could have just said "no"

North Croats have never been Slovenian, while Corsicans have been Italian for centuries. I just dislike you because I don't buy that you are a Croat. No Croat would even compare Corsicans with north Croats, lmao.

As for islanders, I am half that and both my parents are also. Our genetics is usual, which would be expected to anyone knowing history of the islands.
So far we encountered one genetic outlier on Ugljan (who seems fully Croat by origin and plots close to north Italians) who may be Illyrian remnant or simply have unknown Venetian input, but that is just one sample.

Based on my sharing with Dalmatians on 23andme who have locations of all 4 grandparents listed, islanders get more eastern Europe and less Balkan than people from hinterland do, as a rule.
In ancestry composition I mean, but for accurate conclusions I'd need to see their gedmatch, which I did not.