Genetic landscape of Slovenians

[Token]

New paper out.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2018.00551/full
All Slovenian samples group together with Hungarians, Czechs, and some Croatians (“Central-Eastern European” cluster) as also suggested by the PCA. All Basque individuals with few French and Spanish cluster together (“Basque” cluster) while a “Northern-European” cluster is made of the majority of French, English, Icelanders, Norwegians, and Orcadians. Five populations contributed to the “Eastern-European” cluster including Belarusians, Estonians, Lithuanians, Mordovians, and Russians. Western and South Europe is split into two cluster: the first (“Western European” cluster) includes all Spanish individuals, few French, and some Italians (North Italy) while the second (“Southern-European” cluster) groups Sicilians, Greeks, some Croatians, Romanians, and some Italians (North Italy).
The relationships between populations were also assessed by computing a pairwise Fst matrix. Analysis of the UPGMA tree based on the Fst matrix shows all Slovenian individuals clustering together with Hungarians, Czechs, Croatians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians (Supplementary Figure 4).

The Slovenian territory played a crucial role in the past serving as gateway for several human migrations. Previous studies used Slovenians as a source population to interpret different demographic events happened in Europe but not much is known about the genetic background and the demographic history of this population. Here, we analyzed genome-wide data from 96 individuals to shed light on the genetic role and history of the Slovenian population. Y chromosome diversity splits into two major haplogroups R1b and R1a with the latter suggesting a genetic contribution from the steppe. Slovenian individuals are more closely related to Northern and Eastern European populations than Southern European populations even though they are geographically closer. This pattern is confirmed by an admixture and clustering analysis. We also identified a single stream of admixture events between the Slovenians with Sardinians and Russians around ∼2630 BCE (2149-3112). Using ancient samples, we found a significant admixture in Slovenians using Yamnaya and the early Neolithic Hungarians as sources, dated around ∼1762 BCE (1099-2426) suggesting a strong contribution from the steppe to the foundation of the observed modern genetic diversity. Finally, we looked for signals of selection in candidate variants and we found significant hits in HERC2 and FADS responsible for blue eye color and synthesis of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, respectively, when Slovenians were compared to Southern Europeans. While the comparison was done with Eastern Europeans, we identified significant signals in PKD2L1 and IL6R which are genes associated with taste and coronary artery disease, respectively.

[Not a Cop]

Interesting, so they do find substantial NW Euro ancestry among Slovenians.

[Joso]

Interesting, so they do find substantial NW Euro ancestry among Slovenians.

True, Slovenians are pure cordeds though

[Luke35]

Thanks for posting this. LukaszM recently modeled me as half Slovenian, so this was very cool to read.

[Ayetooey]

I'm half Serbian, half NW Euro (English, Scottish, little bit of French) and I plot in North Slovenia, so it doesn't surprise me that Slovenes are heavily NW Euro admixed.

[Coastal Elite]

I'm half Serbian, half NW Euro (English, Scottish, little bit of French) and I plot in North Slovenia, so it doesn't surprise me that Slovenes are heavily NW Euro admixed.

Slovenian Pride!

My Dodecad V3 4-Ancestors Oracle

Using 1 population approximation:
1 Slovenian_Xing @ 12.970881
2 CEU_HapMap @ 13.206221
3 French_HGDP @ 14.382931
4 N._European_Xing @ 14.594044
5 French_Dodecad @ 14.682753

[Peterski]

My Dodecad V3 4-Ancestors Oracle

Using 1 population approximation:
1 Slovenian_Xing @ 12.970881
2 CEU_HapMap @ 13.206221
3 French_HGDP @ 14.382931
4 N._European_Xing @ 14.594044
5 French_Dodecad @ 14.682753

My results in Dodecad V3:

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Slovenian (Xing) 7.95
2 Hungarians (Behar) 8.29
3 German (Dodecad) 14.39
4 Polish (Dodecad) 16.77
5 Mixed_Slav (Dodecad) 17.19
6 FIN (1000Genomes) 17.89
7 N._European (Xing) 19.68
8 Argyll (1000 Genomes) 19.79
9 CEU (HapMap) 19.84
10 Balkans (Dodecad) 20.07
11 Orcadian (HGDP) 20.77
12 Finnish (Dodecad) 20.83
13 Orkney (1000 Genomes) 20.91
14 Russian (Dodecad) 22.3
15 Romanians_14 (Behar) 24.15
16 Russian (HGDP) 25.69
17 Swedish (Dodecad) 26.02
18 Mixed_Germanic (Dodecad) 26.24
19 French (Dodecad) 27.36
20 French (HGDP) 27.74

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 60.5% Mixed_Slav (Dodecad) + 39.5% Mixed_Germanic (Dodecad) @ 2.09

[Luke35]

Slovenian Pride!

My Dodecad V3 4-Ancestors Oracle

Using 1 population approximation:
1 Slovenian_Xing @ 12.970881
2 CEU_HapMap @ 13.206221
3 French_HGDP @ 14.382931
4 N._European_Xing @ 14.594044
5 French_Dodecad @ 14.682753

Hell yeah, I feel a new sense of pride!

Using 1 population approximation:
1 Slovenian_Xing @ 8.655515
2 German_Dodecad @ 10.319283
3 CEU_HapMap @ 11.476623
4 N._European_Xing @ 12.099631
5 Hungarians_Behar @ 13.029732

[Peterski]

Looks like everyone is scoring Slovenian in this calc, lol.

[Luke35]

This one is pretty sexy:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 66.4% Slovenian (Xing) + 33.6% French (HGDP) @ 2.45

[CommonSense]

This paper just confired what was common knowledge a long time before ancestry tests became available - that Slovenes are quite distant from most South Slavs and have very little actual southern ancestry. Keep in mind that a part of the population has recent (say from the last 100 -150 years) Balkan ancestry, so the 'pure' Slovenes would be even more northern shifted.

Also, I find it hard to believe that most French would fall into the North European cluster. I was convinced it was the other way round.

[Luke35]

This paper just confired what was common knowledge a long time before ancestry tests became available - that Slovenes are quite distant from most South Slavs and have very little actual southern ancestry. Keep in mind that a part of the population has recent (say from the last 100 -150 years) Balkan ancestry, so the 'pure' Slovenes would be even more northern shifted.

Also, I find it hard to believe that most French would fall into the North European cluster. I was convinced it was the other way round.

LukaszM has them plotting VERY close to Hungarians in the various graphs in his reports.

[Leto]

Slovenia and Czechia are two Westernmost Slavic nations. They can't be seriously called 'Eastern European'.

[Luke35]

I'm half Serbian, half NW Euro (English, Scottish, little bit of French) and I plot in North Slovenia, so it doesn't surprise me that Slovenes are heavily NW Euro admixed.

I think the gist of the article is that Slovenians are North shifted, and more like the West Slavic countries. Not NW Europe.

[Coastal Elite]

I think the gist of the article is that Slovenians are North shifted, and more like the West Slavic countries. Not NW Europe.

Yeah, I've always assumed that Slovenians were basically Slavic people with a bit of Germanic influence, kinda like Czechs. Unlike Southern Slavs, they don't seem have much Mediterranean influence. That's my rudimentary understanding.

[Profileid]

they dont have NW Euro ancestry. They are probably just the closest to the slavs who originally came to the balkans

[Joso]

they dont have NW Euro ancestry. They are probably just the closest to the slavs who originally came to the balkans

Checs have very of Germany tho

[Videx]

they dont have NW Euro ancestry. They are probably just the closest to the slavs who originally came to the balkans

They are mixed with Germans, so they do have some NW Euro ancestry. Hungarians also have, and we are more eastern.

[Profileid]

They are mixed with Germans, so they do have some NW Euro ancestry. Hungarians also have, and we are more eastern.

how are they mixed with germans

[Videx]

how are they mixed with germans

Thanks to geography and history.
I don't say all of them, but probably a lot of them are.

[Leto]

Thanks to geography and history.
I don't say all of them, but probably a lot of them are.
Yes, they are quite far away from Ukraine, Belarus and Western Russia (historically Slavic regions). Slovenia shares borders with Austria, Italy and Hungary.
https://i1.wp.com/www.bookofdaystales.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/slovenia3.gif

[Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić]

they dont have NW Euro ancestry. They are probably just the closest to the slavs who originally came to the balkans

lmao. slovenes are half slavic half german roughly speaking. i'm living proof. half-slovene and german admixed as fuck. imagine how much german full slovenians are

[Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić]

how are they mixed with germans

they lived with germans for almost 1000 years, ofcourse mixing has occured. i doubt ignorant yank like you know where slovenia is loacated, not to mention knowing anything about it's history

[Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić]

Looks like everyone is scoring Slovenian in this calc, lol.

http://oi67.tinypic.com/2l8jgqc.jpg
http://i63.tinypic.com/eq4iex.jpg

[Dna8]

New paper out.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2018.00551/full
All Slovenian samples group together with Hungarians, Czechs, and some Croatians (“Central-Eastern European” cluster) as also suggested by the PCA. All Basque individuals with few French and Spanish cluster together (“Basque” cluster) while a “Northern-European” cluster is made of the majority of French, English, Icelanders, Norwegians, and Orcadians. Five populations contributed to the “Eastern-European” cluster including Belarusians, Estonians, Lithuanians, Mordovians, and Russians. Western and South Europe is split into two cluster: the first (“Western European” cluster) includes all Spanish individuals, few French, and some Italians (North Italy) while the second (“Southern-European” cluster) groups Sicilians, Greeks, some Croatians, Romanians, and some Italians (North Italy).
The relationships between populations were also assessed by computing a pairwise Fst matrix. Analysis of the UPGMA tree based on the Fst matrix shows all Slovenian individuals clustering together with Hungarians, Czechs, Croatians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians (Supplementary Figure 4).

The Slovenian territory played a crucial role in the past serving as gateway for several human migrations. Previous studies used Slovenians as a source population to interpret different demographic events happened in Europe but not much is known about the genetic background and the demographic history of this population. Here, we analyzed genome-wide data from 96 individuals to shed light on the genetic role and history of the Slovenian population. Y chromosome diversity splits into two major haplogroups R1b and R1a with the latter suggesting a genetic contribution from the steppe. Slovenian individuals are more closely related to Northern and Eastern European populations than Southern European populations even though they are geographically closer. This pattern is confirmed by an admixture and clustering analysis. We also identified a single stream of admixture events between the Slovenians with Sardinians and Russians around ∼2630 BCE (2149-3112). Using ancient samples, we found a significant admixture in Slovenians using Yamnaya and the early Neolithic Hungarians as sources, dated around ∼1762 BCE (1099-2426) suggesting a strong contribution from the steppe to the foundation of the observed modern genetic diversity. Finally, we looked for signals of selection in candidate variants and we found significant hits in HERC2 and FADS responsible for blue eye color and synthesis of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, respectively, when Slovenians were compared to Southern Europeans. While the comparison was done with Eastern Europeans, we identified significant signals in PKD2L1 and IL6R which are genes associated with taste and coronary artery disease, respectively.

https://i.imgflip.com/1kjig0.jpg