C-F3880 and Han Chinese

[Shubotai]

C2c1a2-C-F3880 is the main y-dna C subclade among Han Chinese, particularly from the mandarin-speaking regions (https://preview.ibb.co/cP0XRT/2.png), and it is different from the mongolian C-M504, which is found only among 0.7% of Northern Han Chinese (http://mblogthumb3.phinf.naver.net/MjAxODA1MjBfODYg/MDAxNTI2Nzk2OTM5MzE1.rGghtIErccVpalj4x8Fe2YutzW8qS KB-WQSfMxtjqhIg.mLfdbGs7kkHjbOufH7kgUe9IrrqomBzCqsYUL D3Zn4Ig.PNG.qudro/539_%EB%B6%81%EB%B0%A9_%ED%95%9C%EC%A1%B1_Y-DNA.png?type=w800), the Manchu-Tungusic C-M48 which is 0.3%, the Xianbei C-F3985/F1756 which is 0.7% and the Koreanic C-CTS2657 which is 2%. Minorities of southern China rather carry the C-F845 variant or C-CTS4660 and may speak languages of the Tibeto-Burman, Thai, Hmong-Mien and Austroasiatic families.

Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, in order to secure Manchuria from Russian expansionism, the Qing transferred (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Guandong) Han Chinese farmers from Shandong who suffered from drought and famine into Manchuria. The areas of Liaoning, Jirin and Heilongjiang display frequencies of 11%, 12% and 16% respectively, mainly C-F3880.

Even if Sino-Tibetan languages were dispersed by y-dna O-M134, the phonology of the ancestral language of C-F3880 might be the reason why Mandarin Chinese displays a more heavy accent than the other Sinitic languages, includes some vocabulary of unknown origin and has less tones than Cantonese, for example. It is also found with high frequency in Shandong, which is the area where the oldest Hanji characters until now are found.

C-F3880 is the majority of y-dna C in many of the following regions:
Northern East Asia:
Han (Jiangsu)
15.38%
Han (Henan)
12.12%
Han (Anhui)
13.46%
Han (Shandong)
11.30%
Han (Shaanxi)
19.64%
Han (Gansu)
14.93%
Han (Liaoning)
22.50%
Han (Jirin)
16.67%
Han (Heilongjiang)
15.32%
Southern East Asia:
Han (Yunnan)
11.03%
Han (Guangxi)
0%
Han (Guizhou)
8.23%
Han (Guangdong)
7.81%
Han (Fujian)
8.96%
Han (Zhejiang)
5.88%
Han (Shanghai)
22.22%
Han (Jiangxi)
0%
Han (Hunan)
1.64%
Han (Hubei)
7.02%
Han (Sichuan)
7.69%
Han (Chongqing)
2.50%

Both subclades of F3880 (http://www.ranhaer.com/data/attachment/forum/forumid_97/17022214464aa3a4dea6622786.png), namely F1319 and CTS3385 are invariably present among Han Chinese.

Han Chinese populations from north and southwestern China carry the genes ag, ab3st and axg (https://i1.wp.com/www3.mahoroba.ne.jp/~npa/narayaku/image/dna_map.jpg), which characterize northern mongoloid populations. People carrying y-dna O and mt-dna R moved into East Asia, intermingled with the proto-mongoloid haplogroups C (https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=81c6d49ca74bd11310c0bf603bc6cf6a/023b5bb5c9ea15ce7f80d0e6bc003af33b87b2f6.jpg) and D (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Haplogrupo_D_%28ADN-Y%29.png) and mtdna M and N(xR), acquiring the neo-mongoloid phenotype, whereas from the combinations of the two the modern variety of east asian types emerged.

[Artek]

Hi, I found that interesting but presence of this branch is so far not confirmed in Europe.

However, can you tell me something of similar insight about a totally different branch of haplogroup C, C-F3830 (and upstream C-F1756)?

[Shubotai]

Yes, this is an interesting haplogroup with an ongoing debate regarding its origins. Haplogroup C-F3918 (https://preview.ibb.co/dHFz6T/image.png) was found among 12/12 ancient males from Jinggouzi belonging to the Donghu, 9/11 in Gangga belonging to the Shiwei and 2/8 in Chenwugou belonging to the Xianbei.[1] (https://www.nature.com/articles/s10038-017-0357-z)

The Xianbei were a typical northern mongoloid population and in this thread there is a facial reconstruction of a Xianbei man from a tomb in Northeast China, discussing this subject.[2] (https://historum.com/threads/difference-between-proto-mongolic-peoples-and-proto-sinitic-peoples.60163/)

The Xianbei clan Tuoba or Tabgach founded the Northern Wei dynasty. During this dynasty, many Xianbei people moved into China and were sinicised, adopting Han Chinese surnames, whereas the rest of them established the Rouran Khaganate in Mongolia. After the dissolution of Wei dynasty, some Tuoba established the Tuyuhun kingdom. The Rourans defeated the Xiongnu (most likely Yeniseian Q-M346 (http://mblogthumb4.phinf.naver.net/MjAxODA2MDhfODcg/MDAxNTI4NDMxMjcxMjI2.99h3t-KlCCKHvE-8BlB9sBgTcr3BEtj66ikDdUJwDJsg.JJOv29WfKrL6MvxLdvjp hbiGM6sKr2tuMOb6nwdWx2Mg.PNG.qudro/Q.png?type=w800) people), ruled the regions of Inner and Outer Mongolia, controlled the iron weapon-making region of Altai (mostly Q-M25 (http://mblogthumb4.phinf.naver.net/MjAxODA2MDhfODcg/MDAxNTI4NDMxMjcxMjI2.99h3t-KlCCKHvE-8BlB9sBgTcr3BEtj66ikDdUJwDJsg.JJOv29WfKrL6MvxLdvjp hbiGM6sKr2tuMOb6nwdWx2Mg.PNG.qudro/Q.png?type=w800) Turks[3] (http://m.blog.naver.com/qudro/221294389014)) and involved in a war against an alliance of all of their neighbours, like Qi, Zhou and Gokturks. So the majority of this ancient people probably lives today among Northern Han Chinese. Also, it is frequently found in Central Asia, due to historical turkic or mongolian migrations.[4] (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiosuGshurfAhWQDuwKHcB6AY4QFjAAegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theapricity.com%2Fforum%2Fsh owthread.php%3F260780-Haplogroup-C-F1756-among-Turkic-peoples&usg=AOvVaw1FwkCjCqR3qsGD28GxJdRa)

Linguist J. Janhunen suggests that the Donghu people divided into the Wuhuan and the Xianbei, whereas the Xianbei divided again into Khitans and Mongols. Khitan is now know to be a para-mongolic language. Both mongolic and para-mongolic languages come from the proto-mongolic languages. These people spoke proto-mongolic languages, turkic or bulghar languages, the Ruanruan language or a completely different language.

Linguist A. Vovin proposed that the Ruanruan language was a non-altaic language which lent many of its elements to the turkic languages, whereas he proposed that the Tabgach language was mongolic rather than turkic.
http://www.academia.edu/4208122/Once_again_on_the_Ruan-ruan_language
https://www.academia.edu/6269113/Once_again_on_the_tabghach_language

Possibly, C-F1756 were speakers of Ruanruan language/s and adopted proto-mongolic from C-M504 Khitan people, or they could have been speakers of proto-mongolic who imposed their language in much of the mongolian regions through elite dominance. However, since the Daurs, descendants of para-mongolic Khitan people have proven to belong to C-M504, along with main Khalkha people, Xianbei people probably spoke a ruanruan language with proto-mongolic and turkic infulence, with some of its own vocabulary and grammar inherited by turkic languages. After all, Xiongnu, Ruanruan, Gokturks and Mongols alternatively ruled mongolian lands and unavoidably exchanged many of their elements.

Today, haplogroup C-F1756 is found with a low frequency of 4% among all Mongolian speaking groups, 0.7% among northern Han, 4-5% in Central Asia and some cases in Eastern Europe.[5] (https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Chaplogroup/default.aspx?section=yresults)

Donghu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghu_people)
Wuhuan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhuan)
Xianbei (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xianbei)
Tuoba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuoba)
Tuyuhun (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuyuhun_language)
Khitan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan)
Proto-Mongolic language (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Mongolic_language)
Rouran Khaganate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate)