Genetic history of South-East Asia / Sundaland

[Peterski]

How South-East Asians emerged from a mixture of five or six prehistoric groups:

Group 1. Hunter-gatherers of Hoà Bình culture from Laos (sample La368, ca. 6000 BC) and Malaysia (Ma911, ca. 4500 BC) were related to modern Negritos such as Onge and Semang, as well as to tribes from South Asia such as Pahari and Spiti, and also to Papuans and Aborigines. However - unlike Papuans and Aborigines - the rest of mentioned populations (including prehistoric samples La368 and Ma911) - did not have any significant amounts of Denisovan admixture, which indicates that ancestors of Papuans and Aborigines mixed with Denisovans only AFTER they split from ancestors of Negritos. One exception are Filipinos of Mamanwa ethnic group, who do have Denisovan admixture and they can be modeled as a mixture of Austronesians with a population similar to Papuans.

Hunter-gatherer from Laos had Y-DNA haplogroup C and mtDNA M5.
Hunter-gatherer from Malaysia had Y-DNA hg D and mtDNA M21b1a.

Group 2. Around 2000 BC in ancient DNA from South-East Asia we observe a massive immigration of Neolithic Farmers, related most closely to modern Mlabri and Htin ethnic groups from the highlands of Thailand. This confirms early arrival of Austroasiatic-speakers to this area. These prehistoric farmers are also related to modern inhabitants of Java and Bali, and to Temuan people from the Malay Peninsula, which supports the hypothesis about the western expansion route of Austroasiatic-speakers from the Malay Peninsula to the Insular part of Malaysia, during times before the arrival of Austronesians.

This confirms previous theories by linguists and archaeologists.

These farmers belonged to Y-DNA haplogroups O1b and O2a.

Samples from Group 2. have admixture from earlier hunter-gatherers (Group 1.), which indicates assimilation of hunter-gatherers by farmers.

Samples from later times - late BC / early AD - indicate also the presence of additional East Asian admixture, which was not found in samples of earliest farmers from ca. 2000 BC. Among samples from the early Common Era, we can distinguish two groups - first (Group 3.) is related to modern Hmong and Dai ethnic groups of China, to Thais from Thiland and to Kinh from Vietnam. The second (Group 4.) is related to Austroasiatic Thais and to Chinese. Ancient DNA also shows that Austronesian-speakers arrived to Indonesia before year 100 BC (Group 5.) and to the Philippines before year 200 AD (Group 6. or 5b.).

Group 3. are samples from Dong Son culture, considered Proto-Vietnamese.

Semang (Jehai) Negritos can be modeled as a mixture of a population resembling modern Onge (Andamanese Negritos) and ancient hunter-gatherers from Laos (sample La368) with Neolithic farmers resembling Group 2. (sample Ma912). Ancient samples from Insular Indonesia (Group 5. - including sample In662) and Borneo (Group 6. - including Ma554) also have admixture from Group 2., as well as hunter-gatherer admixtures, but the latter are more similar to Papuans than to Onge - unlike in case of Mainland and Peninsular populations, where hunter-gatherer admixture is from Onge-like ancients and there is no Denisovan admixture. Original hunter-gatherers of Indo-China (Laos) and Malaysia, were genetically similar to AASI (Ancestral Ancient South Indians) and to modern Onge.

Source, "Ancient Genomics Reveals Four Prehistoric Migration Waves into Southeast Asia":

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/278374v1

[Leto]

This is an interesting study, thanks!

[Ryuk]

it's a beautiful thread.I knew most of the information in the thread, but I didn't know the Y-DNA of immigrants.Can you share the source of Y-DNA information?

[Iloko]

Southeast Asians must indeed be partially 'Australoid' indeed! Even if Melanesian doesn't show up for them on 23andme and such :)

[Peterski]

Southeast Asians must indeed be partially 'Australoid' indeed! Even if Melanesian doesn't show up for them on 23andme and such :)

Okay, maybe I used a wrong term. I should have written that they are partially "Ancestral South Eurasian".

Ancestral South Eurasians were the population ancestral to South Asians, hunter-gatherers in Sundaland and to Sahulians.

I guess that Australoid traits emerged after Proto-Australoids moved from Sundaland to Sahul and mixed with Denisovans.

I think that this guy (Solo Man) was a Denisovan - he has not been DNA-tested yet:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NG_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo_Man

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zrkpOtEdlVU/TntvaCK8OtI/AAAAAAAAEJc/RlAacxjxKWo/s1600/denisova3.png

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qh7nc9nL2G4/VAroXq6685I/AAAAAAAAMko/bVVSiIg0h_E/s450/Sundaland.png

[Peterski]

Southeast Asians must indeed be partially 'Australoid' indeed! Even if Melanesian doesn't show up for them on 23andme and such :)

Melanesians have a lot of Denisovan admixture, Southeast Asians don't.

Is having high % of Denisovan essential to call someone "Australoid"?

Those hunter-gatherers were Ancestral South Eurasians without Denisovan.

=====

BTW, this is Jomon Japanese (ancestors of modern Ainu people, I guess):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 East_Asian 62.89
2 Ancestral_South_Eurasian 22.62
3 Ancestral_North_Eurasian 6.25
4 Sub_Saharan 3.45
5 Natufian 2.99
6 West_European_Hunter_Gartherer 1.79

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Kusunda 8.07
2 Sherpa 14.94
3 Cambodian 17.09
4 Kyrgyz 24.73
5 Altaian 24.86
6 Kalmyk 26.82
7 Pima 27.35
8 Clovis 27.64
9 Tibetan 29.58
10 Eskimo 30.71
11 Hazara 30.85
12 Uygur 31.53
13 Kharia 34.21
14 Nganasan 35.04
15 Mongola 36.46
16 Ami 38.43
17 Han 39.82
18 Uzbek 41.04
19 Ulchi 41.05
20 Dai 42.28

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 67.2% Cambodian + 32.8% Kharia @ 4.18
2 76.2% Cambodian + 23.8% Paniyas @ 4.36
3 74.7% Kalmyk + 25.3% Onge @ 4.77
4 84.7% Sherpa + 15.3% Onge @ 4.85
5 87.1% Sherpa + 12.9% Andamanese @ 4.87
6 87.1% Sherpa + 12.9% Australian @ 4.87
7 87.1% Sherpa + 12.9% Papuan @ 4.87
8 76.1% Cambodian + 23.9% Palliyar @ 4.96
9 78.4% Kalmyk + 21.6% Andamanese @ 4.99
10 78.4% Kalmyk + 21.6% Australian @ 4.99
11 78.4% Kalmyk + 21.6% Papuan @ 4.99
12 53% Kharia + 47% Ami @ 5.05
13 53.7% Tibetan + 46.3% Kharia @ 5.07
14 53.9% Kharia + 46.1% Han @ 5.21
15 55.4% Kharia + 44.6% Dai @ 5.41
16 64.5% Tibetan + 35.5% Paniyas @ 5.59
17 54.7% Kharia + 45.3% Ulchi @ 5.61
18 51.6% Kharia + 48.4% Mongola @ 5.62
19 58.1% Ami + 41.9% Paniyas @ 5.64
20 57.2% Han + 42.8% Paniyas @ 5.88

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 NE-Asian 35.28
2 SE-Asian 18.97
3 S-Indian 18.9
4 Siberian 6.88
5 Papuan 5.52
6 Beringian 3.53
7 W-African 2.95
8 NE-Euro 2.72
9 Mediterranean 1.77
10 Baloch 1.33
11 American 1
12 San 0.68
13 E-African 0.46

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 burmanese (chaubey) 12.98
2 garo (chaubey) 13.63
3 khasi (chaubey) 19.44
4 nepalese-b (xing) 24.76
5 uyghur (hgdp) 30.7
6 hazara (hgdp) 32.91
7 nepalese-c (xing) 33.65
8 kyrgyz (xing) 34.85
9 kyrgyz (hodoglugil) 34.86
10 kazakh (harappa) 36
11 miao (hgdp) 36
12 great-andamanese (reich) 36.46
13 mongola (hgdp) 36.71
14 chinese (xing) 36.87
15 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 36.99
16 uzbek (behar) 37
17 han (hgdp) 37.47
18 she (hgdp) 37.73
19 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 37.74
20 tujia (hgdp) 38.19

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 73.7% nepalese-b (xing) + 26.3% samoan (xing) @ 7.19
2 74% nepalese-b (xing) + 26% tongan (xing) @ 8.11
3 83.8% garo (chaubey) + 16.2% puerto-rican (bryc) @ 8.36
4 84.7% garo (chaubey) + 15.3% dominican (bryc) @ 8.43
5 68.2% khasi (chaubey) + 31.8% xibo (hgdp) @ 8.55
6 71.3% nepalese-b (xing) + 28.7% singapore-malay (sgvp) @ 8.62
7 84.5% garo (chaubey) + 15.5% puerto-rican (1000genomes) @ 8.74
8 72.4% khasi (chaubey) + 27.6% tibet (simonson) @ 8.79
9 67.3% khasi (chaubey) + 32.7% mongola (hgdp) @ 8.81
10 69.2% khasi (chaubey) + 30.8% tu (hgdp) @ 8.86
11 76.2% nepalese-b (xing) + 23.8% iban (xing) @ 9.02
12 66.4% nepalese-b (xing) + 33.6% thai (xing) @ 9.05
13 82.7% garo (chaubey) + 17.3% romanian-b (behar) @ 9.06
14 70.6% nepalese-b (xing) + 29.4% cambodian (hgdp) @ 9.13
15 51.2% great-andamanese (reich) + 48.8% tujia (hgdp) @ 9.15
16 70.4% khasi (chaubey) + 29.6% japanese (hgdp) @ 9.17
17 85.5% garo (chaubey) + 14.5% colombian (1000genomes) @ 9.23
18 87.7% garo (chaubey) + 12.3% west-greenlander (rasmussen) @ 9.23
19 84% garo (chaubey) + 16% haryana-jatt (harappa) @ 9.26
20 83.6% garo (chaubey) + 16.4% pashtun (harappa) @ 9.34

Eurogenes K36:

Population
Amerindian -
Arabian -
Armenian -
Basque 0.55
Central_African 0.28
Central_Euro -
East_African 2.02
East_Asian 73.94
East_Balkan -
East_Central_Asian -
East_Central_Euro -
East_Med -
Eastern_Euro -
Fennoscandian -
French -
Iberian -
Indo-Chinese -
Italian -
Malayan -
Near_Eastern -
North_African -
North_Atlantic -
North_Caucasian -
North_Sea 0.58
Northeast_African -
Oceanian 4.72
Omotic 0.28
Pygmy -
Siberian -
South_Asian 17.28
South_Central_Asian -
South_Chinese -
Volga-Ural -
West_African 0.24
West_Caucasian -
West_Med 0.09


Group 1. Hunter-gatherers of Hoà Bình culture from Laos (sample La368, ca. 6000 BC) and Malaysia (Ma911, ca. 4500 BC) were related to modern Negritos such as Onge and Semang, as well as to tribes from South Asia such as Pahari and Spiti, and also to Papuans and Aborigines. However - unlike Papuans and Aborigines - the rest of mentioned populations (including prehistoric samples La368 and Ma911) - did not have any significant amounts of Denisovan admixture, which indicates that ancestors of Papuans and Aborigines mixed with Denisovans only AFTER they split from ancestors of Negritos. One exception are Filipinos of Mamanwa ethnic group, who do have Denisovan admixture and they can be modeled as a mixture of Austronesians with a population similar to Papuans.

Hunter-gatherer from Laos had Y-DNA haplogroup C and mtDNA M5.
Hunter-gatherer from Malaysia had Y-DNA hg D and mtDNA M21b1a.

La368 and Ma911 were genetically identical as modern Andaman Islanders (Onge and Jarawa).

So were they Australoid or not? Are Andaman Negritos counted as part of the Australoid race?

=====

La368 (Laos hunter-gatherer) in MDLP K16 Oracle:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 Indian 32.3
2 SouthEastAsian 31.48
3 Australian 8.64
4 Oceanic 7.04
5 Siberian 6.86
6 Subsaharian 6.42
7 Neolithic 2.51
8 NorthEastEuropean 2.44
9 Ancestor 1.17
10 Amerindian 0.98
11 EastAfrican 0.16

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Onge (Andaman_Islands) 8.53
2 Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) 9.16
3 Bonda (Malkangiri ) 15.83
4 Juang (Odisha) 16.07
5 Gadaba (Odisha) 16.47
6 Munda (Tripura) 17.64
7 Kharia (Bihar) 17.85
8 Savara (Odisha) 19.26
9 Ho (Jharkhand) 19.29
10 Bhunjia (Odisha) 20.81
11 Dhurwa (Orissa) 20.98
12 Mawasi (Maharashtra) 20.98
13 Khasi (Meghalaya) 21
14 Brahmin (Uttaranchal) 21.22
15 Kusunda (Nepal) 22.12
16 Sahariya (Madhya_Pradesh) 23.73
17 Santhal (Jharkhand) 25.15
18 Asur (Jharkhand) 26.16
19 Dhaka (Malay_Archipelago) 26.66
20 Gond (Maharashtra) 26.72

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 93.9% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.1% Esan (Nigeria) @ 6.3
2 93.9% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.1% Yoruba (Nigeria) @ 6.31
3 93.7% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.3% Mende (Sierra_Leone) @ 6.32
4 93.7% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.3% Mandenka (Gambia) @ 6.37
5 93.7% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.3% Gambian (Gambia) @ 6.38
6 94.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.2% Esan (Nigeria) @ 6.43
7 94.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.2% Yoruba (Nigeria) @ 6.44
8 94.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.3% Mende (Sierra_Leone) @ 6.45
9 93.4% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.6% Bantu (SA_Ovambo) @ 6.46
10 92.6% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 7.4% Afroamerican (Denver) @ 6.47
11 93.4% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.6% Bantu (SA_Herero) @ 6.51
12 94.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.3% Mandenka (Gambia) @ 6.53
13 94.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.3% Gambian (Gambia) @ 6.56
14 94.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.5% Bantu (SA_Herero) @ 6.66
15 93.9% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 6.1% Afroamerican (Denver) @ 6.71
16 93.3% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.7% Luhya (Kenya) @ 7
17 91.3% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 8.7% Siddi (Makran) @ 7.03
18 93.3% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.7% Luo (Kenya) @ 7.06
19 92.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 7.2% Siddi (Makran) @ 7.06
20 86.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 13.5% Aeta (Philippines) @ 7.23

Ma911 (Malaysia hunter-gatherer) in MDLP K16 Oracle:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 Indian 24.51
2 SouthEastAsian 23.94
3 Australian 14.27
4 Siberian 11.24
5 Oceanic 7.51
6 Subsaharian 7.31
7 NorthEastEuropean 5.17
8 EastAfrican 3.16
9 NearEast 2.4
10 Amerindian 0.48

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Onge (Andaman_Islands) 14.75
2 Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) 18.62
3 Brahmin (Uttaranchal) 27.01
4 Bonda (Malkangiri ) 27.12
5 Gadaba (Odisha) 27.2
6 Juang (Odisha) 27.63
7 Munda (Tripura) 28.24
8 Kharia (Bihar) 28.38
9 Savara (Odisha) 28.99
10 Mawasi (Maharashtra) 29.31
11 Kusunda (Nepal) 29.32
12 Ho (Jharkhand) 29.34
13 Uygur (Uzbekistan) 29.67
14 Khasi (Meghalaya) 29.74
15 Bhunjia (Odisha) 29.93
16 Hazara (Baluchistan) 30.21
17 Dhurwa (Orissa) 30.37
18 Uygur (Xinjiang) 30.52
19 Hazara (Afghanistan) 31.16
20 Sahariya (Madhya_Pradesh) 31.53

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 89.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.5% Afroamerican (Denver) @ 11.63
2 84.3% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 15.7% Australian (NA) @ 11.66
3 90.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 9.2% Bantu (SA_Ovambo) @ 11.74
4 77% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 23% Australian (NA) @ 11.75
5 91.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.5% Gambian (Gambia) @ 11.78
6 91.4% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.6% Mandenka (Gambia) @ 11.79
7 91.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.2% Yoruba (Nigeria) @ 11.79
8 91.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.2% Esan (Nigeria) @ 11.8
9 91.6% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.4% Mende (Sierra_Leone) @ 11.8
10 89.9% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.1% Luhya (Kenya) @ 11.82
11 89.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.2% Luo (Kenya) @ 11.87
12 91% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 9% Bantu (SA_Herero) @ 11.91
13 89.1% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.9% Kosipe (Papua_New_Guinea) @ 11.97
14 89.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.2% Koinanbe (Papua_New_Guinea) @ 12.02
15 88.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 11.5% Kikuyu (Kenya) @ 12.19
16 64.4% Kusunda (Nepal) + 35.6% Australian (NA) @ 12.24
17 85.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 14.2% Mansi (Khanty–Mansi) @ 12.29
18 87.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 12.2% Siddi (Makran) @ 12.34
19 91.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.2% Papuan (Papua_New_Guinea) @ 12.34
20 87.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 12.3% Maasai (Ayodo) @ 12.38

[sailormoon]

We also find a distinctive relationship between the group 1 samples and the Ikawazu Jōmon of Japan (IK002). Outgroup f3 statistics (11, 16) show that group 1 shares the most genetic drift with all ancient mainland samples and Jōmon (fig. S12 and table S4). All other ancient genomes share more drift with present-day East Asian and Southeast Asian populations than with Jōmon (figs. S13 to S19 and tables S4 to S11). This is apparent in the fastNGSadmix analysis when assuming six ancestral components (K = 6) (fig. S11), where the Jōmon sample contains East Asian components and components found in group 1. To detect populations with genetic affinities to Jōmon, relative to present-day Japanese, we computed D statistics of the form D(Japanese, Jōmon; X, Mbuti), setting X to be different presentday and ancient Southeast Asian individuals (table S22). The strongest signal is seen when X=Ma911 and La368 (group 1 individuals), showing a marginally nonsignificant affinity to Jōmon (11). This signal is not observed with X = Papuans or Önge, suggesting that the Jōmon and Hòabìnhians may share group 1 ancestry (11). Finally, the Jōmon individual is best-modeled as a mix between a population related to group 1/Önge and a population related to East Asians (Amis), whereas present-day Japanese can be modeled as a mixture of Jōmon and an additional East Asian component (Fig. 3 and fig. S29)


https://indo-european.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/jomon-japanese-migrations.jpg

Hoabinhian foragers or ‘Negritos’ are thought to be the ancestors of present-day SEA hunter-gatherers, whose genetic profile closely matches with the Jomon and the Onge from the Andaman Islands. The Onge's haplogroup D lineage split from the Jomon haplogroup D lineage ~53,000 years ago from the shared ancestral population. The Jomon further picked up East_ Asian and Ancestral_North_Eurasian components as they migrated northwards before reaching Japan via a land bridge, which existed between Siberia and the Japanese archipelago up until 20,000 years ago.

The Jomon from prehistoric Japan: Y-DNA hg D and mtDNA M.
The Onge from the Andaman Islands: Y-DNA hg D and mtDNA M.

[Iloko]

Melanesians have a lot of Denisovan admixture, Southeast Asians don't.

Is having high % of Denisovan essential to call someone "Australoid"?

Those hunter-gatherers were Ancestral South Eurasians without Denisovan.

=====

BTW, this is Jomon Japanese (ancestors of modern Ainu people, I guess):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 East_Asian 62.89
2 Ancestral_South_Eurasian 22.62
3 Ancestral_North_Eurasian 6.25
4 Sub_Saharan 3.45
5 Natufian 2.99
6 West_European_Hunter_Gartherer 1.79

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Kusunda 8.07
2 Sherpa 14.94
3 Cambodian 17.09
4 Kyrgyz 24.73
5 Altaian 24.86
6 Kalmyk 26.82
7 Pima 27.35
8 Clovis 27.64
9 Tibetan 29.58
10 Eskimo 30.71
11 Hazara 30.85
12 Uygur 31.53
13 Kharia 34.21
14 Nganasan 35.04
15 Mongola 36.46
16 Ami 38.43
17 Han 39.82
18 Uzbek 41.04
19 Ulchi 41.05
20 Dai 42.28

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 67.2% Cambodian + 32.8% Kharia @ 4.18
2 76.2% Cambodian + 23.8% Paniyas @ 4.36
3 74.7% Kalmyk + 25.3% Onge @ 4.77
4 84.7% Sherpa + 15.3% Onge @ 4.85
5 87.1% Sherpa + 12.9% Andamanese @ 4.87
6 87.1% Sherpa + 12.9% Australian @ 4.87
7 87.1% Sherpa + 12.9% Papuan @ 4.87
8 76.1% Cambodian + 23.9% Palliyar @ 4.96
9 78.4% Kalmyk + 21.6% Andamanese @ 4.99
10 78.4% Kalmyk + 21.6% Australian @ 4.99
11 78.4% Kalmyk + 21.6% Papuan @ 4.99
12 53% Kharia + 47% Ami @ 5.05
13 53.7% Tibetan + 46.3% Kharia @ 5.07
14 53.9% Kharia + 46.1% Han @ 5.21
15 55.4% Kharia + 44.6% Dai @ 5.41
16 64.5% Tibetan + 35.5% Paniyas @ 5.59
17 54.7% Kharia + 45.3% Ulchi @ 5.61
18 51.6% Kharia + 48.4% Mongola @ 5.62
19 58.1% Ami + 41.9% Paniyas @ 5.64
20 57.2% Han + 42.8% Paniyas @ 5.88

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 NE-Asian 35.28
2 SE-Asian 18.97
3 S-Indian 18.9
4 Siberian 6.88
5 Papuan 5.52
6 Beringian 3.53
7 W-African 2.95
8 NE-Euro 2.72
9 Mediterranean 1.77
10 Baloch 1.33
11 American 1
12 San 0.68
13 E-African 0.46

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 burmanese (chaubey) 12.98
2 garo (chaubey) 13.63
3 khasi (chaubey) 19.44
4 nepalese-b (xing) 24.76
5 uyghur (hgdp) 30.7
6 hazara (hgdp) 32.91
7 nepalese-c (xing) 33.65
8 kyrgyz (xing) 34.85
9 kyrgyz (hodoglugil) 34.86
10 kazakh (harappa) 36
11 miao (hgdp) 36
12 great-andamanese (reich) 36.46
13 mongola (hgdp) 36.71
14 chinese (xing) 36.87
15 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 36.99
16 uzbek (behar) 37
17 han (hgdp) 37.47
18 she (hgdp) 37.73
19 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 37.74
20 tujia (hgdp) 38.19

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 73.7% nepalese-b (xing) + 26.3% samoan (xing) @ 7.19
2 74% nepalese-b (xing) + 26% tongan (xing) @ 8.11
3 83.8% garo (chaubey) + 16.2% puerto-rican (bryc) @ 8.36
4 84.7% garo (chaubey) + 15.3% dominican (bryc) @ 8.43
5 68.2% khasi (chaubey) + 31.8% xibo (hgdp) @ 8.55
6 71.3% nepalese-b (xing) + 28.7% singapore-malay (sgvp) @ 8.62
7 84.5% garo (chaubey) + 15.5% puerto-rican (1000genomes) @ 8.74
8 72.4% khasi (chaubey) + 27.6% tibet (simonson) @ 8.79
9 67.3% khasi (chaubey) + 32.7% mongola (hgdp) @ 8.81
10 69.2% khasi (chaubey) + 30.8% tu (hgdp) @ 8.86
11 76.2% nepalese-b (xing) + 23.8% iban (xing) @ 9.02
12 66.4% nepalese-b (xing) + 33.6% thai (xing) @ 9.05
13 82.7% garo (chaubey) + 17.3% romanian-b (behar) @ 9.06
14 70.6% nepalese-b (xing) + 29.4% cambodian (hgdp) @ 9.13
15 51.2% great-andamanese (reich) + 48.8% tujia (hgdp) @ 9.15
16 70.4% khasi (chaubey) + 29.6% japanese (hgdp) @ 9.17
17 85.5% garo (chaubey) + 14.5% colombian (1000genomes) @ 9.23
18 87.7% garo (chaubey) + 12.3% west-greenlander (rasmussen) @ 9.23
19 84% garo (chaubey) + 16% haryana-jatt (harappa) @ 9.26
20 83.6% garo (chaubey) + 16.4% pashtun (harappa) @ 9.34

Eurogenes K36:

Population
Amerindian -
Arabian -
Armenian -
Basque 0.55
Central_African 0.28
Central_Euro -
East_African 2.02
East_Asian 73.94
East_Balkan -
East_Central_Asian -
East_Central_Euro -
East_Med -
Eastern_Euro -
Fennoscandian -
French -
Iberian -
Indo-Chinese -
Italian -
Malayan -
Near_Eastern -
North_African -
North_Atlantic -
North_Caucasian -
North_Sea 0.58
Northeast_African -
Oceanian 4.72
Omotic 0.28
Pygmy -
Siberian -
South_Asian 17.28
South_Central_Asian -
South_Chinese -
Volga-Ural -
West_African 0.24
West_Caucasian -
West_Med 0.09



La368 and Ma911 were genetically identical as modern Andaman Islanders (Onge and Jarawa).

So were they Australoid or not? Are Andaman Negritos counted as part of the Australoid race?

=====

La368 (Laos hunter-gatherer) in MDLP K16 Oracle:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 Indian 32.3
2 SouthEastAsian 31.48
3 Australian 8.64
4 Oceanic 7.04
5 Siberian 6.86
6 Subsaharian 6.42
7 Neolithic 2.51
8 NorthEastEuropean 2.44
9 Ancestor 1.17
10 Amerindian 0.98
11 EastAfrican 0.16

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Onge (Andaman_Islands) 8.53
2 Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) 9.16
3 Bonda (Malkangiri ) 15.83
4 Juang (Odisha) 16.07
5 Gadaba (Odisha) 16.47
6 Munda (Tripura) 17.64
7 Kharia (Bihar) 17.85
8 Savara (Odisha) 19.26
9 Ho (Jharkhand) 19.29
10 Bhunjia (Odisha) 20.81
11 Dhurwa (Orissa) 20.98
12 Mawasi (Maharashtra) 20.98
13 Khasi (Meghalaya) 21
14 Brahmin (Uttaranchal) 21.22
15 Kusunda (Nepal) 22.12
16 Sahariya (Madhya_Pradesh) 23.73
17 Santhal (Jharkhand) 25.15
18 Asur (Jharkhand) 26.16
19 Dhaka (Malay_Archipelago) 26.66
20 Gond (Maharashtra) 26.72

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 93.9% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.1% Esan (Nigeria) @ 6.3
2 93.9% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.1% Yoruba (Nigeria) @ 6.31
3 93.7% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.3% Mende (Sierra_Leone) @ 6.32
4 93.7% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.3% Mandenka (Gambia) @ 6.37
5 93.7% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.3% Gambian (Gambia) @ 6.38
6 94.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.2% Esan (Nigeria) @ 6.43
7 94.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.2% Yoruba (Nigeria) @ 6.44
8 94.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.3% Mende (Sierra_Leone) @ 6.45
9 93.4% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.6% Bantu (SA_Ovambo) @ 6.46
10 92.6% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 7.4% Afroamerican (Denver) @ 6.47
11 93.4% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.6% Bantu (SA_Herero) @ 6.51
12 94.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.3% Mandenka (Gambia) @ 6.53
13 94.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.3% Gambian (Gambia) @ 6.56
14 94.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 5.5% Bantu (SA_Herero) @ 6.66
15 93.9% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 6.1% Afroamerican (Denver) @ 6.71
16 93.3% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.7% Luhya (Kenya) @ 7
17 91.3% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 8.7% Siddi (Makran) @ 7.03
18 93.3% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 6.7% Luo (Kenya) @ 7.06
19 92.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 7.2% Siddi (Makran) @ 7.06
20 86.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 13.5% Aeta (Philippines) @ 7.23

Ma911 (Malaysia hunter-gatherer) in MDLP K16 Oracle:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 Indian 24.51
2 SouthEastAsian 23.94
3 Australian 14.27
4 Siberian 11.24
5 Oceanic 7.51
6 Subsaharian 7.31
7 NorthEastEuropean 5.17
8 EastAfrican 3.16
9 NearEast 2.4
10 Amerindian 0.48

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Onge (Andaman_Islands) 14.75
2 Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) 18.62
3 Brahmin (Uttaranchal) 27.01
4 Bonda (Malkangiri ) 27.12
5 Gadaba (Odisha) 27.2
6 Juang (Odisha) 27.63
7 Munda (Tripura) 28.24
8 Kharia (Bihar) 28.38
9 Savara (Odisha) 28.99
10 Mawasi (Maharashtra) 29.31
11 Kusunda (Nepal) 29.32
12 Ho (Jharkhand) 29.34
13 Uygur (Uzbekistan) 29.67
14 Khasi (Meghalaya) 29.74
15 Bhunjia (Odisha) 29.93
16 Hazara (Baluchistan) 30.21
17 Dhurwa (Orissa) 30.37
18 Uygur (Xinjiang) 30.52
19 Hazara (Afghanistan) 31.16
20 Sahariya (Madhya_Pradesh) 31.53

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 89.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.5% Afroamerican (Denver) @ 11.63
2 84.3% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 15.7% Australian (NA) @ 11.66
3 90.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 9.2% Bantu (SA_Ovambo) @ 11.74
4 77% Great_Andamanese (Andaman_Islands) + 23% Australian (NA) @ 11.75
5 91.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.5% Gambian (Gambia) @ 11.78
6 91.4% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.6% Mandenka (Gambia) @ 11.79
7 91.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.2% Yoruba (Nigeria) @ 11.79
8 91.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.2% Esan (Nigeria) @ 11.8
9 91.6% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.4% Mende (Sierra_Leone) @ 11.8
10 89.9% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.1% Luhya (Kenya) @ 11.82
11 89.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.2% Luo (Kenya) @ 11.87
12 91% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 9% Bantu (SA_Herero) @ 11.91
13 89.1% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.9% Kosipe (Papua_New_Guinea) @ 11.97
14 89.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 10.2% Koinanbe (Papua_New_Guinea) @ 12.02
15 88.5% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 11.5% Kikuyu (Kenya) @ 12.19
16 64.4% Kusunda (Nepal) + 35.6% Australian (NA) @ 12.24
17 85.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 14.2% Mansi (Khanty–Mansi) @ 12.29
18 87.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 12.2% Siddi (Makran) @ 12.34
19 91.8% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 8.2% Papuan (Papua_New_Guinea) @ 12.34
20 87.7% Onge (Andaman_Islands) + 12.3% Maasai (Ayodo) @ 12.38
Interesting!

Btw I was wonderin..Which is genetically closer to Onge/Australoid-- would it probably be more the 'Austro-Asiatic' component which peaks in the H'tin, or would it more likely be the 'Austronesian' component instead which peaks in Taiwan-Aborigines and Igorots?

[Iloko]

Okay, maybe I used a wrong term. I should have written that they are partially "Ancestral South Eurasian".

Ancestral South Eurasians were the population ancestral to South Asians, hunter-gatherers in Sundaland and to Sahulians.

I guess that Australoid traits emerged after Proto-Australoids moved from Sundaland to Sahul and mixed with Denisovans.

I think that this guy (Solo Man) was a Denisovan - he has not been DNA-tested yet:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NG_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo_Man

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zrkpOtEdlVU/TntvaCK8OtI/AAAAAAAAEJc/RlAacxjxKWo/s1600/denisova3.png

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qh7nc9nL2G4/VAroXq6685I/AAAAAAAAMko/bVVSiIg0h_E/s450/Sundaland.png
I wonder what these hunter-gatherers probably looked like phenotype-wise...like in comparison to modern day negritos or papuans, andamanese etc

[Iloko]

Doesn't Denisovan score like mostly SSA on the Gedmatch calcs?

[Smeagol]

Once again, genetics backs up what Coon wrote over 50 years ago.

[Peterski]

I wonder what these hunter-gatherers probably looked like phenotype-wise...like in comparison to modern day negritos or papuans, andamanese etc

Maybe like modern Andamanese, or like modern South-East Asian Negrito groups such as the Semang:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Asli

https://web.archive.org/web/20130605062748/http://www.andaman.org/NICOBAR/book/Shompen/Shompen.htm


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgB4OxqWXZM

Or maybe like these guys, the Vedda tribe?:

http://vedda.org/pix/polebedda.jpg

http://chandlersfordtoday.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/The-Vedda.jpg

https://nirvairrai.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/mg_7290.jpg

[Iloko]

Maybe like modern Andamanese, or like modern South-East Asian Negrito groups such as the Semang:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Asli

https://web.archive.org/web/20130605062748/http://www.andaman.org/NICOBAR/book/Shompen/Shompen.htm


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgB4OxqWXZM

Or maybe like these guys, the Vedda tribe?:

http://vedda.org/pix/polebedda.jpg

http://chandlersfordtoday.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/The-Vedda.jpg

https://nirvairrai.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/mg_7290.jpg
Very interesting and awesome!

Btw a lil away from actual topic...what do you think this "Unknown SE-Asian" group might possibly mean on this chart?..:
https://i.imgur.com/5Wu523w.jpg