New Iberian paper coming soon!

[Token]

Post-Roman Iberia: A Genetic Journey There and Back Again
Gonzalo Oteo-Garcia (1),Marina Silva(1), George Foody(1), Alessandro Fichera(1), Bobby Yau(1), Marisa Rovira(2), Vicente Palomar(3) Albert Ribera i Lacomba(4), Maria Pala(1), Ceiridwen Edwards(1), Martin B. Richards(1)

1) Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK2) Museu Arqueològic Municipal, La Vall d'Uixó 12600, Spain3) Museo Municipal de Arqueología y Etnología, Segorbe 12400, Spain4) Servicio de Investigacion Arqueologica Municipal, Ayuntamiento de Valencia, Valencia 46002, Spain

The post-Roman period in Iberia is yet to be studied in depth using ancient DNA. Our research focuses on understanding population genetic changes during this time in the Iberian Levante. This Mediterranean region is interesting because it became a cultural crossroads after intense Romanization, followed by a decline during the Visigothic era, a Byzantine invasion and later becoming a jewel of Islamic agriculture. The main focus of the research is on the Medieval Islamic period. During the five centuries of Islamic rule, and according to historical records, many Arab and North African settlers were attracted to Xarq Al-Andalus. We sequenced 13 early to late Medieval genomes with coverages ranging from 0.3X to 2.3X from the Valencian region in eastern Spain and discovered widespread North African admixture and foreign uniparental markers in the Andalusian Islamic rural society. These results are the more striking when compared to the modern Spanish population, which displays little surviving genomic evidence for this relatively recent admixture episode. We identify one major historical event in the 17th century, potentially responsible for the disappearance of the North African ancestry in eastern Spain. On the other hand, we did not find a clear Arab genetic contribution, consistent with the view that Arabs were a minority ruling elite. However, the genomic results of two samples dated to the 6th-7th century moment of the Byzantine invasion suggest that the admixture trend may have started earlier, during late Roman times. These two samples are father and daughter, found in a borderland territory between Visigothic and Byzantine rule, and display a significant degree of Near Eastern ancestry but with clear Iberian affinities. In conclusion, we see evidence that the Spanish Levante suffered two genetic transformations in a relatively short period of time -a few centuries -within the last thousand years. This dual genomic transformation saw the arrival of North African ancestry to eastern Iberia in high proportions only to later disappear almost completely. However, the North African genetic legacy in Spain survived in some ways until our days, mostly in the form of paternal lineages E1b and maternal lineages U6a which we clearly identified being introduced for the first time during the Islamic period.

[Token]

Basically the reconquista decimated the Moorish admixed Southern Iberians.

[Adamm]

Post-Roman Iberia: A Genetic Journey There and Back Again
Gonzalo Oteo-Garcia (1),Marina Silva(1), George Foody(1), Alessandro Fichera(1), Bobby Yau(1), Marisa Rovira(2), Vicente Palomar(3) Albert Ribera i Lacomba(4), Maria Pala(1), Ceiridwen Edwards(1), Martin B. Richards(1)

1) Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK2) Museu Arqueològic Municipal, La Vall d'Uixó 12600, Spain3) Museo Municipal de Arqueología y Etnología, Segorbe 12400, Spain4) Servicio de Investigacion Arqueologica Municipal, Ayuntamiento de Valencia, Valencia 46002, Spain

The post-Roman period in Iberia is yet to be studied in depth using ancient DNA. Our research focuses on understanding population genetic changes during this time in the Iberian Levante. This Mediterranean region is interesting because it became a cultural crossroads after intense Romanization, followed by a decline during the Visigothic era, a Byzantine invasion and later becoming a jewel of Islamic agriculture. The main focus of the research is on the Medieval Islamic period. During the five centuries of Islamic rule, and according to historical records, many Arab and North African settlers were attracted to Xarq Al-Andalus. We sequenced 13 early to late Medieval genomes with coverages ranging from 0.3X to 2.3X from the Valencian region in eastern Spain and discovered widespread North African admixture and foreign uniparental markers in the Andalusian Islamic rural society. These results are the more striking when compared to the modern Spanish population, which displays little surviving genomic evidence for this relatively recent admixture episode. We identify one major historical event in the 17th century, potentially responsible for the disappearance of the North African ancestry in eastern Spain. On the other hand, we did not find a clear Arab genetic contribution, consistent with the view that Arabs were a minority ruling elite. However, the genomic results of two samples dated to the 6th-7th century moment of the Byzantine invasion suggest that the admixture trend may have started earlier, during late Roman times. These two samples are father and daughter, found in a borderland territory between Visigothic and Byzantine rule, and display a significant degree of Near Eastern ancestry but with clear Iberian affinities. In conclusion, we see evidence that the Spanish Levante suffered two genetic transformations in a relatively short period of time -a few centuries -within the last thousand years. This dual genomic transformation saw the arrival of North African ancestry to eastern Iberia in high proportions only to later disappear almost completely. However, the North African genetic legacy in Spain survived in some ways until our days, mostly in the form of paternal lineages E1b and maternal lineages U6a which we clearly identified being introduced for the first time during the Islamic period.

Interesting, I always suspected that Arab admixture in Iberia was very limited and that most of it came from North Africa instead of Arabs.

[Tenma de Pegasus]

Reconquista was a bloody parade frequented by asturians rednecks that destroyed the most rainbow nation of Medieval Europe with tons of italians, jews, swedes, lebaneses, greeks, french, arabs, germans, celts and berbers. Such a shame Iberia became this homogeneous place... Not to mention how advanced and civilized was this Great Emirate of Cordoba and All Andalus.

It was totally ruined, but at least after some centuries the Illuminates replaced it and founded their new Golden Jewel called California.

[Duffmannn]

Basically the reconquista decimated the Moorish admixed Southern Iberians.

It is an unknown fact, but not only the christian reconquers expelled the native southern spanish population, the almoravid muslims made a massive deportation of native southerners (but christian) in 1126:

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38827133.pdf

[Mehmet Udegey]

Reconquista was a bloody parade frequented by asturians rednecks that destroyed the most rainbow nation of Medieval Europe with tons of italians, jews, swedes, lebaneses, greeks, french, arabs, germans, celts and berbers. .

And Slavs

[Tenma de Pegasus]

And Slavs

Oh yes, there are many evidences of east europeans working in All Andalus for the invaders.

[Nassbean]

Oh yes, there are many evidences of east europeans working in All Andalus for the invaders.

yes they were called "saqaliba" were slavic slaves brought mainly from central and eastern Europe some of them reached high social ranks

[Nassbean]

It is an unknown fact, but not only the christian reconquers expelled the native southern spanish population, the almoravid muslims made a massive deportation of native southerners (but christian) in 1126:

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38827133.pdf

you can't compare a small event like this one to the massive expulsion and massacre of the native southern population by the christian forces you're simply biased because of your christian background.

[Synapsid]

you can't compare a small event like this one to the massive expulsion and massacre of the native southern population by the christian forces you're simply biased because of your christian background.

Do you have relative or relatives who had muladi/andalusi ancestors?

[Nassbean]

Do you have relative or relatives who had muladi/andalusi ancestors?

Yes on my paternal side my family name itself is from al andalus

[Synapsid]

Yes on my paternal side my family name itself is from al andalus

That is nice to know. Also I always wanted to ask a magrabi this question ;) ; can you see the Peninsula from the rif/north Africa?

[Tenma de Pegasus]

That is nice to know. Also I always wanted to ask a magrabi this question ;) ; can you see the Peninsula from the rif/north Africa?

https://c8.alamy.com/comp/DH6PG2/view-over-strait-of-gibraltar-from-tarifa-to-africa-DH6PG2.jpg

[Tenma de Pegasus]

yes they were called "saqaliba" were slavic slaves brought mainly from central and eastern Europe some of them reached high social ranks

Were slavics expelled to Morroco too?

[Nassbean]

That is nice to know. Also I always wanted to ask a magrabi this question ;) ; can you see the Peninsula from the rif/north Africa?

yes in the northernmost part of morocco (cap spartel, ksar sghir, etc) same for spaniards here morocco from a spanish point of view :

https://i.imgur.com/viBWS1s.jpg

[Nassbean]

Were slavics expelled to Morroco too?

Probably because of their muslim background but i'm not sure I didn't read a lot about their case

[Synapsid]

Probably because of their muslim background but i'm not sure I didn't read a lot about their case

I think they were to admixed to remember their seqaliba past by the 14th century. But there was Slavic taifas during the 10th/11th centuries who were slaves soliders (mamluks) who became kings. No so different from the situation Turkic tribes in the MENA region faced.

[Synapsid]

yes in the northernmost part of morocco (cap spartel, ksar sghir, etc) same for spaniards here morocco from a spanish point of view :

https://i.imgur.com/viBWS1s.jpg

So close, yet so different. It amazing how a short stretch of water can change everything.

[Tenma de Pegasus]

So close, yet so different. It amazing how a short stretch of water can change everything.

Its the among the largest or even the largest genetic gap on Earth in a so short distance. So close, but so different its amazing.

Only 13km lol and you have a lot of european regions, the anatolia and the levant inside it or something close to that.

[Synapsid]

Its the among the largest or even the largest genetic gap on Earth in a so short distance. So close, but so different its amazing.

Only 13km lol

Not really. Both Iberian and Coastal Magrabis are pred. West Eurasians genetically. Khalif-El-Bourud (KEB) aDNA samples shows that there was a population replacement of North Africa by Iberia_EN/MN EEF groups (70% Anatolian_N + 30% WHG) and from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages (when the SSA slave trade really kicked up), Coastal Moroccans were still like 70-80% Iberian_MN farmers and 20% Iberomasurian. The Gap between Mesolithic Iberian and North Africans were far bigger. Before aDNA were published, everyone thought that Mechoids and Trafoult were 'Cro-Magnon' like Paleo-Europeans on the other side of Gibraltar but when DNA result were release, Trafoult and other Iberomasurians (IAM) were far genetically removed from Mesolithic Iberians who were a pure WHG population with light eyes. IAM was like 45% Ancient North African and 55% Proto-Anatolian Hunter Gathers (Dzudzuana) and were much darker than modern day North Africans. KEB aDNA resemble modern coastal Magrabis more in pigmentation. The Mesolithic was when the genetic difference between N.A and Iberian was the biggest, not current day populations.

[Synapsid]

Its the among the largest or even the largest genetic gap on Earth in a so short distance. So close, but so different its amazing.

Only 13km lol and you have a lot of european regions, the anatolia and the levant inside it or something close to that.

It is the cultural gap that much bigger. The attitude to Women, Human sexuality, drinks, Music Genre, Political views (free spreech etc), language, clothing, HDI, and especially religiosity is like day and night

[Tenma de Pegasus]

Not really. Both Iberian and Coastal Magrabis are pred. West Eurasians genetically. Khalif-El-Bourud (KEB) aDNA samples shows that there was a population replacement of North Africa by Iberia_EN/MN EEF groups (70% Anatolian_N + 30% WHG) and from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages (when the SSA slave trade really kicked up), Coastal Moroccans were still like 70-80% Iberian_MN farmers and 20% Iberomasurian. The Gap between Mesolithic Iberian and North Africans were far bigger. Before aDNA were published, everyone thought that Mechoids and Trafoult were 'Cro-Magnon' like Paleo-Europeans on the other side of Gibraltar but when DNA result were release, Trafoult and other Iberomasurians (IAM) were far genetically removed from Mesolithic Iberians who were a pure WHG population with light eyes. IAM was like 45% Ancient North African and 55% Proto-Anatolian Hunter Gathers (Dzudzuana) and were much darker than modern day North Africans. KEB aDNA resemble modern coastal Magrabis more in pigmentation. The Mesolithic was when the genetic difference between N.A and Iberian were the biggest, not today.

Probably there were a canarian-guanche like population living on the Atlantic Coast of Northern Africa and Europe that both share today, but thats only part of the genetic of those peoples. Looking the whole genetic composition they are very far, way more than Bosforos and Dardanelos strait(turkish/turkish) or the english channel(french/english) and many others like Bering strait or Iran/UAE or India/Sri Lanka for example.

[Synapsid]

Probably there were a canarian-guanche like population living on the Atlantic Coast of Northern Africa and Europe that both share today, but thats only part of the genetic of those peoples. Looking the whole genetic composition they are very far, way more than Bosforos and Dardanelos strait(turkish/turkish) or the english channel(french/english) and many others like Bering strait or Iran/UAE or India/Sri Lanka for example.

Iran/UAE is bigger if you remove minorities like Ahwaz Arabs. Persians are predominantly West Asians and be modelled as 90% Georgians 10% S. Asian (Half of the S.Asian is neolithic Iranian anyways), and pure gulf Arabs are much closer to Egyptians than any ethnic Iranic group. In contrast, West Med is either the Biggest or second biggest competent in Both NW africans and some SW european groups.The guanches are literally 80% Iberian_EN + 20% Iberomasurian but modern Iberian have 30% Steppe Ancestry and have around 15%-20% EHG admixture from the Bell Beakers, which is non-existent or low in North Africans (hence why Spaniards have Baltic and N. Atlantic scores in Gedmatch while N.Moroccans don't). Also Iberian don't have the high Red sea or East Admixture that exist in North Africa.