Shubotai
08-29-2020, 10:57 AM
Two separate groups of the same name, Huns and Xiongnu troubled Europe and China during 450 CE and 400 BCE respectively, creating the Hunnic empire and the Xiongnu empire. Today, the common presence of Q-L330 in west Altai and west Alps gives us the opportunity to unify these early Hunnic raiders.
Q-L330 was found with a percentage of 25% in Altaians and 38% in Tuvans in the western part of the Mongolian mountain chain, while it is a unique y-dna lineage found with 84% among the Kets, a neighbouring Yeniseian-speaking population.
The Xiongnu had created a vast empire during 200 BCE comprising modern Mongolia, Xinjiang and the Altai mountains, having a complex system of hierarchy with many dynasties and a lot of manpower and subjects, including the Q-M25 iron-mining Turks of Altai who at that time provided weapons for the Xiongnu army.
Seven thousand miles westernwards in the slopes of the Alps, Q-L330 is found about 5% close in the area where Attila drove European Huns in the battle of the Catalaunian plains. The Huns in Europe had a created a vast empire with control center in Hungary, collecting subjects from Ukraine and taxes from Rome, making many raids in western Germany that caused the Germanic migrations.
A third group were the White Huns or Epthalites who created a nomadic empire in Central Asia at 450 as well. These might have cut off earlier before the invasion of the main group of Huns in Europe. Their state was dissolved by an alliance of Turks and Persians.
Q-L330 in Mongolia was probably reduced a lot with the defeat of the Xiongnu by the C Xianbei Turks and proto-Mongols, who ruled Mongolia afterwards.
It seems to have been further restricted by the expansion of y-dna N reindeer herders in Siberia leading to the isolation of Kets and neighbouring Yeniseian-speaking communities in the basin of the Yeniseian river.
A lot of Q-L330 has been absorbed within the Altaic Turkic-speaking communities in western Mongolia, where it is actually the common type of Q.
Modern Mongolians also retain the memory of being the descendants of Huns. Hün gürnii suu ih hüch doroitoj, eh nutgaa sangalzan iinhüü guniglan duulav.
It is also very interesting to notice that all native American mtdna lineages X, A, B, C, D were found in samples from the Xiongnu period in Mongolia, along other various types of Q*, rendering Huns of that era a miniature of the native American genome.
Q-L330 has a lot of first-step mutations, indicative of its origin being also in the broader Mongolian region.
Q-L330 has two main subclades, Q-L332 and Q-B287.
The first, Q-L332 is found in Hungary, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, making it possibly the haplogroup of European Huns and White Huns in Central Asia.
The second, Q-B287 is the type of Q-L330 usually found in Yeniseian people, making the most probable haplogroup of the Xiongnu as well.
The Szekelys, a Hungarian-speaking group of Transylvania, also claim to be the desendants of Huns. Most though belong to Q-L715, the Oghuric branch of Q-M25, making the majority probably of Turkic origin, rather than Hunnic. There is also Q-L332 but it is lower.
The name Hungary also is derived from Onogurs, a Turkic-speaking tribe of the Oghur branch.
There was also an attempt to connect Yeniseian languages with Na-Dene languages, but I consider it will be fruitless from a genetic point of view, at least patrilineally. I think Turkic to Inuit or Na-Dene would yield better results, if at all. Nevertheless, the ancestral types of the Ket group seem to have been y-dna Q and mtdna A, with other types being more recent.
101861101862Q-L332 (https://www.theapricity.com/forum/attachment.php?attachmentid=101635&d=1597408583)101877
10186310186410186510186610186710186810186910187010 1871101872101873101875Székelys (http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/Dist_of_hungarian_language_europe.png)
1. Paternal origin of Paleo-Indians in Siberia: insights from Y-chromosome sequences (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326306085_Paternal_origin_of_Paleo-Indians_in_Siberia_insights_from_Y-chromosome_sequences)
2. Genetic Perspective on Language Replacement in Siberia (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316754211_Genetic_Perspective_on_Language_Replacem ent_in_Siberia)
Q-L330_tree (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phylogenetic-tree-of-paternal-lineage-Q1a3a3-L330-in-Kets-and-Selkups-based-on-full_fig1_316754211)
3. Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a (https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg201164)
4. Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345020/)
5. Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3799995/)
6. The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749222/)
7. Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry (https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20768)
8. High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10872336_High_Levels_of_Y-Chromosome_Differentiation_among_Native_Siberian_P opulations_and_the_Genetic_Signature_of_a_Boreal_H unter-Gatherer_Way_of_Life)
9. Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982218314957)
10. A Siberian Link With Na-Dene Languages (https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9d75/c662044ff828c56c5461be58bbd4b10f46a1.pdf)
Q-L330 was found with a percentage of 25% in Altaians and 38% in Tuvans in the western part of the Mongolian mountain chain, while it is a unique y-dna lineage found with 84% among the Kets, a neighbouring Yeniseian-speaking population.
The Xiongnu had created a vast empire during 200 BCE comprising modern Mongolia, Xinjiang and the Altai mountains, having a complex system of hierarchy with many dynasties and a lot of manpower and subjects, including the Q-M25 iron-mining Turks of Altai who at that time provided weapons for the Xiongnu army.
Seven thousand miles westernwards in the slopes of the Alps, Q-L330 is found about 5% close in the area where Attila drove European Huns in the battle of the Catalaunian plains. The Huns in Europe had a created a vast empire with control center in Hungary, collecting subjects from Ukraine and taxes from Rome, making many raids in western Germany that caused the Germanic migrations.
A third group were the White Huns or Epthalites who created a nomadic empire in Central Asia at 450 as well. These might have cut off earlier before the invasion of the main group of Huns in Europe. Their state was dissolved by an alliance of Turks and Persians.
Q-L330 in Mongolia was probably reduced a lot with the defeat of the Xiongnu by the C Xianbei Turks and proto-Mongols, who ruled Mongolia afterwards.
It seems to have been further restricted by the expansion of y-dna N reindeer herders in Siberia leading to the isolation of Kets and neighbouring Yeniseian-speaking communities in the basin of the Yeniseian river.
A lot of Q-L330 has been absorbed within the Altaic Turkic-speaking communities in western Mongolia, where it is actually the common type of Q.
Modern Mongolians also retain the memory of being the descendants of Huns. Hün gürnii suu ih hüch doroitoj, eh nutgaa sangalzan iinhüü guniglan duulav.
It is also very interesting to notice that all native American mtdna lineages X, A, B, C, D were found in samples from the Xiongnu period in Mongolia, along other various types of Q*, rendering Huns of that era a miniature of the native American genome.
Q-L330 has a lot of first-step mutations, indicative of its origin being also in the broader Mongolian region.
Q-L330 has two main subclades, Q-L332 and Q-B287.
The first, Q-L332 is found in Hungary, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, making it possibly the haplogroup of European Huns and White Huns in Central Asia.
The second, Q-B287 is the type of Q-L330 usually found in Yeniseian people, making the most probable haplogroup of the Xiongnu as well.
The Szekelys, a Hungarian-speaking group of Transylvania, also claim to be the desendants of Huns. Most though belong to Q-L715, the Oghuric branch of Q-M25, making the majority probably of Turkic origin, rather than Hunnic. There is also Q-L332 but it is lower.
The name Hungary also is derived from Onogurs, a Turkic-speaking tribe of the Oghur branch.
There was also an attempt to connect Yeniseian languages with Na-Dene languages, but I consider it will be fruitless from a genetic point of view, at least patrilineally. I think Turkic to Inuit or Na-Dene would yield better results, if at all. Nevertheless, the ancestral types of the Ket group seem to have been y-dna Q and mtdna A, with other types being more recent.
101861101862Q-L332 (https://www.theapricity.com/forum/attachment.php?attachmentid=101635&d=1597408583)101877
10186310186410186510186610186710186810186910187010 1871101872101873101875Székelys (http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/Dist_of_hungarian_language_europe.png)
1. Paternal origin of Paleo-Indians in Siberia: insights from Y-chromosome sequences (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326306085_Paternal_origin_of_Paleo-Indians_in_Siberia_insights_from_Y-chromosome_sequences)
2. Genetic Perspective on Language Replacement in Siberia (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316754211_Genetic_Perspective_on_Language_Replacem ent_in_Siberia)
Q-L330_tree (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phylogenetic-tree-of-paternal-lineage-Q1a3a3-L330-in-Kets-and-Selkups-based-on-full_fig1_316754211)
3. Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a (https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg201164)
4. Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345020/)
5. Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3799995/)
6. The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749222/)
7. Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry (https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20768)
8. High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10872336_High_Levels_of_Y-Chromosome_Differentiation_among_Native_Siberian_P opulations_and_the_Genetic_Signature_of_a_Boreal_H unter-Gatherer_Way_of_Life)
9. Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982218314957)
10. A Siberian Link With Na-Dene Languages (https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9d75/c662044ff828c56c5461be58bbd4b10f46a1.pdf)