Southeast England was 80% replaced by Anglo-Saxons in the Early Middle Ages

[J. Ketch]

But over time native Britons (mostly via women) were assimilated into Anglo-Saxon culture.

Abstract from a new study coming.
https://www.e-a-a.org/EAA2020virtual/Programme.aspx?WebsiteKey=79538f04-4210-43d4-90c1-704213a00c84&hkey=e5eed11c-a2ea-404a-86f3-482344cb3829&Program=2#Program

THE ANGLO-SAXON MIGRATION AND FORMATION OF THE EARLY ENGLISH GENE POOL
Abstract author(s): Gretzinger, Joscha (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) - Altena, Eveline (Leiden Uni-versity Medical Center, University of Leiden) - Papac, Luka (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) - Krause, Johannes (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History; Faculty of Biosciences, University of Jena) - Sayer, Duncan (School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire) - Schiffels, Stephan (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History)
A series of migrations and accompanied cultural changes has formed the peoples of Britain and still represents the foundations of the English national identity. For the most prominent of these, the Anglo-Saxon migration, the traditional view, resting upon historical sources and derived concepts of ethnic and national origins from the 19th century, outlined that the indigenous Romanised British population was forcibly replaced by invading Germanic tribes, starting in the 5th century AD. However, to which extent this historic event coincided with factual immigration that affected the genetic composition of the British population was focus of generations of scientific and social controversy. To better understand this key period, we have so far generated genome-wide sequences from 80 individuals from eight cemeteries in East and South England. We combined this data with previously published genome-wide data to a total dataset of more than 200 ancient British genomes spanning from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages, allowing us to investigate shifts and affinities in British fine-scale population structure during this phase of transformation. Here we present two preliminary results: First, we detect a substantial increase in continental Northern European ancestry akin to the extant Danish and Northern German populations during the Early Anglo-Saxon period, replacing approximately 80% of the indigenous British ancestry during that time period. Second, we nevertheless highlight the continuous presence of ancestry identified in Pre-Saxon Iron Age and Roman individuals during the Early and Middle Anglo-Saxon period, originating in the Early British Bronze Age and closely resembling present-day Celtic-speaking populations from Ireland and Scotland. Therefore, our study suggests that the early English population was the outcome of long-term ethnogenetic processes in which the acculturation and assimilation of native Britons into the immigrating Anglo-Saxon society played a key role.
Hence the dearth of Celtic culture in England from early on. A mass replacement event explains that.

[Lucas]

But over time native Britons (mostly via women) were assimilated into Anglo-Saxon culture.

Abstract from a new study coming.
https://www.e-a-a.org/EAA2020virtual/Programme.aspx?WebsiteKey=79538f04-4210-43d4-90c1-704213a00c84&hkey=e5eed11c-a2ea-404a-86f3-482344cb3829&Program=2#Program

Hence the dearth of Celtic culture in England from early on. A mass replacement event explains that.

In short it is based on ancient genetics or other sources?

[Ruggery]

Did they kill all the Celts?

[Graham]

Perhaps it could be in line with England ruled by a foreign hierarchy that continued through to the Normans. With poorer Britons living out of town.


Who knows, headaches. Will read when it comes out.

[Rocinante]

Did they kill all the Celts?

I think most of them moved westward, and some of them went to Ireland, Brittany and Gallaecia.

[celticdragongod]

Did they kill all the Celts?

Most of the Celtic men.

[Davystayn]

Some of the britons moved (more likely the elites) we know some went to brittany for this reason, but also stayed and integrated with the new settlers.

It was likely highly regional, with some areas differing from another in terms of levels of settlement and acculturation.

The 19th century idea of lock stock mass displacement was always untenable but this study certainly shows there was indeed a great level of settlement, so confirms the written story, burials, place name evidence.

It wasn't just men who settled either, later women and would have come too, as confirmed in burials, numbers wise just logically lessens when you get further west, topography changes and so on

[Ruggery]

Most of the Celtic men.

And not woman and childrens?

[J. Ketch]

Most of the Celtic men.
Unknowable, and I doubt it.

Southeast/East England had been very Romanised too. I'll be surprised if the Britons the Anglo-Saxons mixed with were exactly like modern Irish/Scots.

[J. Ketch]

Some of the britons moved (more likely the elites) we know some went to brittany for this reason, but also stayed and integrated with the new settlers.

It was likely highly regional, with some areas differing from another in terms of levels of settlement and acculturation.

The 19th century idea of lock stock mass displacement was always untenable but this study certainly shows there was indeed a great level of settlement, so confirms the written story, burials, place name evidence.

It wasn't just men who settled either, later women and would have come too, as confirmed in burials, numbers wise just logically lessens when you get further west, topography changes and so on
Still, most of England is genetically pretty similar and clusters together as per the POBI to this day, the regional differences aren't that pronounced until you reach Devon, the Welsh border counties, and the Northeast/Cumbria (and what was Elmet). So I've been of the view this mix mostly happened in the Southeast/East Anglia in the 5th/6th centuries and then gradually replaced and drove out the Britons in other areas except those I mentioned.

[celticdragongod]

Unknowable, and I doubt it.

Southeast/East England had been very Romanised too. I'll be surprised if the Britons the Anglo-Saxons mixed with were exactly like modern Irish/Scots.

How about most of the pre-Anglo-Saxon men instead?

[celticdragongod]

And not woman and childrens?

Probably male children and women too old to reproduce were eradicated as well.

[J. Ketch]

How about most of the pre-Anglo-Saxon men instead?
Why is that necessary? Ethnic cleansing has often happened throughout history, without most of the men being killed. People flee, are driven out, or are demographically overwhelmed. Only 80 years ago swathes of Eastern Europe were ethnically German that are now void of Germans, most of them weren't killed but fled/were expelled West.

[Davystayn]

Still, most of England is genetically pretty similar and clusters together as per the POBI to this day, the regional differences aren't that pronounced until you reach Devon, the Welsh border counties, and the Northeast/Cumbria (and what was Elmet). So I've been of the view this mix mostly happened in the Southeast/East Anglia in the 5th/6th centuries and then gradually replaced and drove out the Britons in other areas except those I mentioned.

Yes those were the areas I was talking about, the Marches, Devon etc, gets hillier too with less decent arable land. The central and southern areas are pretty much uniform

[J. Ketch]

Perhaps it could be in line with England ruled by a foreign hierarchy that continued through to the Normans. With poorer Britons living out of town.


Who knows, headaches. Will read when it comes out.
Early Anglo-Saxon settlements weren't exactly towns, they largely avoided the old Roman towns/caesters, which were last occupied by Britons before they were abandoned.

[PaleoEuropean]

Unknowable, and I doubt it.

Southeast/East England had been very Romanised too. I'll be surprised if the Britons the Anglo-Saxons mixed with were exactly like modern Irish/Scots.

Another factor is the BellBeakers, Pre-Indo Britons, Saxons and Danes all had similar dna (just in different levels), haplogroups etc. Even the rare I haplogroups called Isles clades are found all over Germany, Northern France, Scandinavia, Northern Netherlands. I think these kind of issues are never cut and dry and often the methods which people used to investigate aren't robust enough to form a proper conclusion. Although I do somewhat agree with the hypothesis, I still have to remain skeptical just based off knowing the complexity.

[Pulkher]

On Eurogenes K13 the Saxon samples seem quite distant from any modern population.



Distance to: NO3423_England_Saxon.SG_1170_ybp
6.99597027 Norwegian

Distance to: I0777_England_Saxon.SG_1478_ybp
4.18627519 Denmark

Distance to: I0774_England_Saxon.SG_1483_ybp
2.85243755 Danish

Distance to: I0773_England_Saxon.SG_1490_ybp
5.85939417 Norway_South_Central

Distance to: I0769_England_Saxon.SG_1455_ybp
7.11819500 Norwegian

Distance to: I0161_England_Saxon.SG_1165_ybp
2.98291803 Danish

Distance to: I0159_England_Saxon.SG_1247_ybp
4.53517365 West_Scottish

Distance to: I0157_England_Saxon.SG_1232_ybp
4.62495405 Norwegian

[Graham]

Early Anglo-Saxon settlements weren't exactly towns, they largely avoided the old Roman towns/caesters, which were last occupied by Britons before they were abandoned.

Honestly, I was getting all confused getting my head around it. Ignore what a said. :D

Want to see what the study shows first. The current Saxons we have seen look more mixed than that.

[Pulkher]

Are the Irish and Scots more "Saxon" than the English?

Global25:



Distance to: England_Saxon
0.01835674 Irish
0.01852710 Scottish
0.02010173 Orcadian
0.02017702 Shetlandic
0.02112210 English
0.02137730 Welsh
0.02393586 English_Cornwall



A simple model, to be taken with a grain of salt. According to this, the Anglo-Saxon contribution is approximately 15%.



Target: Shetlandic
Distance: 1.7569% / 0.01756912
52.4 England_Saxon
47.6 England_Roman

Target: Irish
Distance: 1.1342% / 0.01134196
69.2 England_Roman
30.8 England_Saxon

Target: Scottish
Distance: 0.9918% / 0.00991845
75.2 England_Roman
24.8 England_Saxon

Target: English
Distance: 1.1736% / 0.01173631
84.2 England_Roman
15.8 England_Saxon

Target: Orcadian
Distance: 0.9817% / 0.00981675
84.2 England_Roman
15.8 England_Saxon

Target: Welsh
Distance: 1.2022% / 0.01202204
84.8 England_Roman
15.2 England_Saxon

Target: English_Cornwall
Distance: 1.4197% / 0.01419734
92.4 England_Roman
7.6 England_Saxon

[Norb]

My ancestors (I think)

[David Johnson]

Are the Irish and Scots more "Saxon" than the English?

Global25:



Distance to: England_Saxon
0.01835674 Irish
0.01852710 Scottish
0.02010173 Orcadian
0.02017702 Shetlandic
0.02112210 English
0.02137730 Welsh
0.02393586 English_Cornwall



A simple model, to be taken with a grain of salt. According to this, the Anglo-Saxon contribution is approximately 15%.



Target: Shetlandic
Distance: 1.7569% / 0.01756912
52.4 England_Saxon
47.6 England_Roman

Target: Irish
Distance: 1.1342% / 0.01134196
69.2 England_Roman
30.8 England_Saxon

Target: Scottish
Distance: 0.9918% / 0.00991845
75.2 England_Roman
24.8 England_Saxon

Target: English
Distance: 1.1736% / 0.01173631
84.2 England_Roman
15.8 England_Saxon

Target: Orcadian
Distance: 0.9817% / 0.00981675
84.2 England_Roman
15.8 England_Saxon

Target: Welsh
Distance: 1.2022% / 0.01202204
84.8 England_Roman
15.2 England_Saxon

Target: English_Cornwall
Distance: 1.4197% / 0.01419734
92.4 England_Roman
7.6 England_Saxon



And why does it make sense to model the Irish with Anglo-Saxon samples? Anglo-Saxons aren't a source population of the modern Irish. You should use populations that make historical and genealogical sense when modelling, not just chase the lowest distance possible. Irish are more steppe shifted than the English and the Anglo-Saxon samples are very steppe shifted, hence why they are artificially closer.

[David Johnson]

I look forward to this study. I find the studies title a bit sensationalist, we don't need a study to tell us the early anglo-saxons were overwhelmingly anglo-saxon. I am more interested in how modern English compare and I hope this study delves into that. The Y dna in parts of SE and E England imply a mass male replacement, so it would make sense that the original Anglo-Saxons did primarily assimilate women.

Some amateur stats of L21 in England, taken from the English dna project. Even the most "celtic" shifted regions don't surpass 25%. Ireland has over 70% afaik.

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ae/90/c2/ae90c22682d9f41ad8c2ad3299e68f9d.png

[dududud]

I guess my father has more Celtic ancestor than Anglo-Saxon, if the Celts fled to parts of France (North-Western and other area).

[J. Ketch]

And why does it make sense to model the Irish with Anglo-Saxon samples? Anglo-Saxons aren't a source population of the modern Irish. You should use populations that make historical and genealogical sense when modelling, not just chase the lowest distance possible. Irish are more steppe shifted than the English and the Anglo-Saxon samples are very steppe shifted, hence why they are artificially closer.
Right. Med/Central Euro or Eastern Euro admixture shifts a population away from other NW Euro's more than anything, that's why English are further away from Anglo-Saxons than Irish on G25, also why South Dutch and South/West Germans are even further away, despite all obviously having much more Germanic influence than the Irish. It's why I'm sure sub-Roman Britons had to be noticeably different overall from Irish/Scots, England and Southern England especially wouldn't be so South shifted otherwise.

The English sample on G25 is mostly from Kent I believe, similar to the Southeast English average on Eurogenes K13/K15. The gedmatch averages I've collected from around England so far (including SE England) are different though.

K13
https://i.postimg.cc/VN8V0JHg/k13newcomparison.png
K15
https://i.postimg.cc/m21XdYvV/k15newcomp.png

[J. Ketch]

I look forward to this study. I find the studies title a bit sensationalist, we don't need a study to tell us the early anglo-saxons were overwhelmingly anglo-saxon. I am more interested in how modern English compare and I hope this study delves into that. The Y dna in parts of SE and E England imply a mass male replacement, so it would make sense that the original Anglo-Saxons did primarily assimilate women.

Some amateur stats of L21 in England, taken from the English dna project. Even the most "celtic" shifted regions don't surpass 25%. Ireland has over 70% afaik.

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ae/90/c2/ae90c22682d9f41ad8c2ad3299e68f9d.png
I made the thread title, and I disagree. I think it's important to know whether the original migration of Anglo-Saxons was large and displaced the local population, or whether it was a smallish band of men who formed a minority elite, and with a founder effect created the modern English y-dna picture, as has often been hypothesised in recent decades (by people who think the Anglo-Saxon autosomal influence was minor).

It's also relevant to the lack of Celtic and Romano-British culture in early England; that's much more understandable with a mass migration.

[J. Ketch]

And why does it make sense to model the Irish with Anglo-Saxon samples? Anglo-Saxons aren't a source population of the modern Irish. You should use populations that make historical and genealogical sense when modelling, not just chase the lowest distance possible. Irish are more steppe shifted than the English and the Anglo-Saxon samples are very steppe shifted, hence why they are artificially closer.
Btw, a PCA is dependent on the populations you choose. The more diverse you make it, the more the PCA will emphasise base similarity between populations (eg Northern Euro vs Med) and ignore recent drift, such as that between Insular Celtic vs Germanic NW Europeans.

Eg, If you look at the West Eurasian PCA here and hover over the European cline, NW and NE Europeans cluster together based on similar levels of Steppe influence.
https://vahaduo.github.io/g25views/#WestEurasia

The same is true for a whole Europe PCA, it makes NW Euro's cluster together based more on levels of Steppe vs Farmer admixture than Insular Celtic vs Germanic drift.

[J. Ketch]

I guess my father has more Celtic ancestor than Anglo-Saxon, if the Celts fled to parts of France (North-Western and other area).
The level of British ancestry in NW France is a study that should be done, the French don't seem much interested in that sort of thing though, unfortunately.

[Graham]

The level of British ancestry in NW France is a study that should be done, the French don't seem much interested in that sort of thing though, unfortunately.

Pas de rosbif! No Horrible Englishman.

Aye, can't imagine the French starting that study. :icon_lol:

[XenophobicPrussian]

Unknowable, and I doubt it.

Southeast/East England had been very Romanised too. I'll be surprised if the Britons the Anglo-Saxons mixed with were exactly like modern Irish/Scots.
Yeah, not because of the Romans though, England oddly enough has the most actual Celtic admixture in the Isles despite being the first ones to stop speaking the language. Irish specifically may have had a lot of extra drift too as they may or may not have been separated from people in Great Britain since the time of the Beakers.

Are the Irish and Scots more "Saxon" than the English?

Global25:



Distance to: England_Saxon
0.01835674 Irish
0.01852710 Scottish
0.02010173 Orcadian
0.02017702 Shetlandic
0.02112210 English
0.02137730 Welsh
0.02393586 English_Cornwall



A simple model, to be taken with a grain of salt. According to this, the Anglo-Saxon contribution is approximately 15%.



Target: Shetlandic
Distance: 1.7569% / 0.01756912
52.4 England_Saxon
47.6 England_Roman

Target: Irish
Distance: 1.1342% / 0.01134196
69.2 England_Roman
30.8 England_Saxon

Target: Scottish
Distance: 0.9918% / 0.00991845
75.2 England_Roman
24.8 England_Saxon

Target: English
Distance: 1.1736% / 0.01173631
84.2 England_Roman
15.8 England_Saxon

Target: Orcadian
Distance: 0.9817% / 0.00981675
84.2 England_Roman
15.8 England_Saxon

Target: Welsh
Distance: 1.2022% / 0.01202204
84.8 England_Roman
15.2 England_Saxon

Target: English_Cornwall
Distance: 1.4197% / 0.01419734
92.4 England_Roman
7.6 England_Saxon


Bad model.

[bandeirante]

Unknowable, and I doubt it.

Southeast/East England had been very Romanised too. I'll be surprised if the Britons the Anglo-Saxons mixed with were exactly like modern Irish/Scots.

not!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)#cite_note-22

[J. Ketch]

Yeah, not because of the Romans though, England oddly enough has the most actual Celtic admixture in the Isles despite being the first ones to stop speaking the language. Irish specifically may have had a lot of extra drift too as they may or may not have been separated from people in Great Britain since the time of the Beakers.

I agree it's mostly from Celts, but I think a very minor Roman/Med influence is not unreasonable given the number of troops sent to Britain. That influence may not have been evenly distributed amongst sub-Roman Britons.

[J. Ketch]

not!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)#cite_note-22
Well, obviously not compared to Gaul, but they were the most Romanised parts of Britain, which also coincides with them being the areas of Britain with most Hallstatt/La Tene influence.

[Not a Cop]

I agree it's mostly from Celts, but I think a very minor Roman/Med influence is not unreasonable given the number of troops sent to Britain. That influence may not have been evenly distributed amongst sub-Roman Britons.

Weren't Roman-related populations be in worst conditions after the Saxon invasion? I mean the breaking of trade with Empire, loss of control and agressive invaders in form of both Celts and A-S, add to that the fact that Romans probably were the most urbanised demograpic, it's all very good predisposition for fast disappearence.

[J. Ketch]

Weren't Roman-related populations be in worst conditions after the Saxon invasion? I mean the breaking of trade with Empire, loss of control and agressive invaders in form of both Celts and A-S, add to that the fact that Romans probably were the most urbanised demograpic, it's all very good predisposition for was disappearence.
You maybe right, the urban population of Roman Britain was a smaller percentage than I initially thought, about 0.25 million out of 3.6 million, so roughly 4-5%, and of that, most would have been native Britons.

There's still 5-6% of English y-dna that is J2 or E1b, a lot of that might come from the Roman period. Either way the Roman genetic influence is certainly very small.

[Peterski]

These "80% replaced" Anglo-Saxons when uploaded to GEDmatch, they will be close to modern Scandinavians, North Dutch and North Germans.

Not to modern South-East English.

[Graham]

Have watched a video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=63&v=iQYoNi6FUac&feature=emb_title) posted on the Anthrogenica from someone who worked on the viking era project that talks about the Longobard Northern Italy connection that they found.

There are historical connections to the Saxons and some of the Collegno lot show connections here.

Perhaps could also explain some of the southern Influence into Southern Britain. Another possible connection to think about.

[David Johnson]

Right. Med/Central Euro or Eastern Euro admixture shifts a population away from other NW Euro's more than anything, that's why English are further away from Anglo-Saxons than Irish on G25, also why South Dutch and South/West Germans are even further away, despite all obviously having much more Germanic influence than the Irish. It's why I'm sure sub-Roman Britons had to be noticeably different overall from Irish/Scots, England and Southern England especially wouldn't be so South shifted otherwise.

The English sample on G25 is mostly from Kent I believe, similar to the Southeast English average on Eurogenes K13/K15. The gedmatch averages I've collected from around England so far (including SE England) are different though.

K13
https://i.postimg.cc/VN8V0JHg/k13newcomparison.png
K15
https://i.postimg.cc/m21XdYvV/k15newcomp.png

The heightened amounts of G2a, E and J haplogroups in parts of England attest to this IMO.

[Rocinante]

There is no doubt to me, that E, J and in some degree R-U152 in south-east England was brought with romans and gallo-romans.

[David Johnson]

I made the thread title, and I disagree. I think it's important to know whether the original migration of Anglo-Saxons was large and displaced the local population, or whether it was a smallish band of men who formed a minority elite, and with a founder effect created the modern English y-dna picture, as has often been hypothesised in recent decades (by people who think the Anglo-Saxon autosomal influence was minor).

It's also relevant to the lack of Celtic and Romano-British culture in early England; that's much more understandable with a mass migration.

I see your point. But the question is how much further did these 80/20 Anglo-Saxons mix with Britons? Afaik Roman Britain is said to of had a population exceeding 3 million, though that had dwindled by the Sub-Roman Britain period to around 2 million. The numbers of Anglo-Saxons are estimated to of been around 250 thousand. I don't think its unrealistic to imagine that these 80/20 Anglo-Saxons, mixed further with Britons, predominantly females, to the point in which you have a modern population which is around 25-40% Anglo-Saxon according to previous studies, whilst still retaining predominantly Germanic Y dna.

[David Johnson]

These "80% replaced" Anglo-Saxons when uploaded to GEDmatch, they will be close to modern Scandinavians, North Dutch and North Germans.

Not to modern South-East English.

Who knows. You can model English on the G25 as a north germanic, south-west Euro 80/20 mix. For example.

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/611586491982020628/757632457649684661/unknown.png

[bandeirante]

Well, obviously not compared to Gaul, but they were the most Romanised parts of Britain, which also coincides with them being the areas of Britain with most Hallstatt/La Tene influence.

Roman Empire: Italian Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula and Islands
galia is a periphery!

[bandeirante]

Well, obviously not compared to Gaul, but they were the most Romanised parts of Britain, which also coincides with them being the areas of Britain with most Hallstatt/La Tene influence.

Roman Empire: Italian Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula and Islands
galia is a periphery!

[Not a Cop]

You maybe right, the urban population of Roman Britain was a smaller percentage than I initially thought, about 0.25 million out of 3.6 million, so roughly 4-5%, and of that, most would have been native Britons.

There's still 5-6% of English y-dna that is J2 or E1b, a lot of that might come from the Roman period. Either way the Roman genetic influence is certainly very small.

Well considering all the facts i stated previously, i think that we should rather look at Mtdna of Roman britons, as it should've had better preservance.

[Pulkher]

And why does it make sense to model the Irish with Anglo-Saxon samples? Anglo-Saxons aren't a source population of the modern Irish. You should use populations that make historical and genealogical sense when modelling, not just chase the lowest distance possible. Irish are more steppe shifted than the English and the Anglo-Saxon samples are very steppe shifted, hence why they are artificially closer.

You can model English on the G25 as a north germanic, south-west Euro 80/20 mix. For example.

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/611586491982020628/757632457649684661/unknown.png

Modelling the English as 18% Italian doesn't make sense either. The English are more EEF than the Anglo-Saxons, that's why Global25 has selected and inflated a source that has much more like Italian_Lombardy but they are not necessarily descended from it. However, I agree that greater proximity to the Anglo-Saxons does not imply descending directly from them.

[Pulkher]

These "80% replaced" Anglo-Saxons when uploaded to GEDmatch, they will be close to modern Scandinavians, North Dutch and North Germans.

Not to modern South-East English.

This is a PCA I made using Eurogenes K13. As you can see, the English are mostly pre-Anglo-Saxon and it is therefore unlikely that (on average) they are 80% Anglo-Saxon.
The brown dots: English samples (Romans and Iron Age) ranging from 200 BC to 200 AD.
The blue dots: English samples (Anglo-Saxon) ranging from 460 to 785 AD.

https://i.imgur.com/E7kww9A.png

[David Johnson]

Modelling the English as 18% Italian doesn't make sense either. The English are more EEF than the Anglo-Saxons, that's why Global25 has selected and inflated a source that has much more like Italian_Lombardy but they are not necessarily descended from it. However, I agree that greater proximity to the Anglo-Saxons does not imply descending directly from them.

I'm not claiming English are literally 20% Italian. Just showing you can model the English as 80% Anglo-Saxon with the right samples, just like an agenda-driven person can show the Irish as "more Anglo-Saxon" than the English with the right samples.

[David Johnson]

This is a PCA I made using Eurogenes K13. As you can see, the English are mostly pre-Anglo-Saxon and it is therefore unlikely that (on average) they are 80% Anglo-Saxon.
The brown dots: English samples (Romans and Iron Age) ranging from 200 BC to 200 AD.
The blue dots: English samples (Anglo-Saxon) ranging from 460 to 785 AD.

https://i.imgur.com/E7kww9A.png

I don't think anyone here, nor the study itself, claims that modern English are 80% Anglo-Saxon. Just that the base population in SE England was. Obviously they would have mixed more with other natives as they expanded west and north, hence the 25-40% estimates we see today. Hopefully the study expands upon this and makes some modern estimates,

[Pulkher]

I don't think anyone here, nor the study itself, claims that modern English are 80% Anglo-Saxon. Just that the base population in SE England was. Obviously they would have mixed more with other natives as they expanded west and north, hence the 25-40% estimates we see today. Hopefully the study expands upon this and makes some modern estimates,

Okay, thanks for the correction.

[J. Ketch]

Modern English (red crosses) between Celtic, Roman, Saxon and Viking age samples from England, in Davidski's Celtic vs Germanic PCA

https://i.postimg.cc/ryLNS4gz/Vahaduo-Custom-PCAeng3.png

With Welsh, Scottish and Bretons added:
https://i.postimg.cc/zJR4F9TB/Vahaduo-Custom-PCAeng4.png

[Not a Cop]

Modern English (red crosses) between Celtic, Roman, Saxon and Viking age samples from England, in Davidski's Celtic vs Germanic PCA



Do we have any idea of Pre-Celtic migration populaiton of Brittanny? There were a massive replacement for shure, but probably locals were not so different still.

[J. Ketch]

Do we have any idea of Pre-Celtic migration populaiton of Brittanny? There were a massive replacement for shure, but probably locals were not so different still.
Never seen a study on it, but unless they were mostly replaced by Britons (which I'd consider unlikely), they must have already been similar to Insular Celts, and much less affected by proto-Celtic and/or Roman genetic influence than North Central and Northeastern France.

Bretons also don't look that British despite clustering very near them, which suggests to me that they've been mostly isolated for longer, and like Insular Celts are probably mostly descended from the local Bronze Age population.

[RyoHazuki]

Never seen a study on it, but unless they were mostly replaced by Britons (which I'd consider unlikely), they must have already been similar to Insular Celts, and much less affected by proto-Celtic and/or Roman genetic influence than North Central and Northeastern France.

Bretons also don't look that British despite clustering very near them, which suggests to me that they've been mostly isolated for longer, and like Insular Celts are probably mostly descended from the local Bronze Age population.

Which ethnicities do the Bretons mostly resemble most, in your opinion? It's interesting to consider how much phenotypes can vary within even closely related groups.

[J. Ketch]

Which ethnicities do the Bretons mostly resemble most, in your opinion? It's interesting to consider how much phenotypes can vary within even closely related groups.
I'm not the person to ask as I'm not very familiar with them, you should ask a French person, but my impression is that they're more similar in looks to other Northern French, although shifted towards more Celtic British/Irish looks. On the other hand my impression is that Normans look a little more English (though still closer to other French), perhaps because of the Germanic element and other shared ancestral components.

[J. Ketch]

Study on cranial bases from this month with similar conclusions:

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252477


Abstract
The settlement of Great Britain by Germanic-speaking people from continental northwest Europe in the Early Medieval period (early 5th to mid 11th centuries CE) has long been recognised as an important event, but uncertainty remains about the number of settlers and the nature of their relationship with the preexisting inhabitants of the island. In the study reported here, we sought to shed light on these issues by using 3D shape analysis techniques to compare the cranial bases of Anglo-Saxon skeletons to those of skeletons from Great Britain that pre-date the Early Medieval period and skeletons from Denmark that date to the Iron Age. Analyses that focused on Early Anglo-Saxon skeletons indicated that between two-thirds and three-quarters of Anglo-Saxon individuals were of continental northwest Europe ancestry, while between a quarter and one-third were of local ancestry. In contrast, analyses that focused on Middle Anglo-Saxon skeletons suggested that 50–70% were of local ancestry, while 30–50% were of continental northwest Europe ancestry. Our study suggests, therefore, that ancestry in Early Medieval Britain was similar to what it is today—mixed and mutable.

The early Anglo-Saxon period is identified as 410-660 AD, while the Middle Anglo-Saxon period is identified as 660-889 AD. The Middle Anglo-Saxon English ancestry is similar to today, so that's a more precise idea of when the ethnogenesis occurred. The English of Alfred, Alcuin, Bede, Offa etc were practically modern English genetically (although not necessarily those individuals).

[Ayetooey]

Any how idea how long till this study is available?

[Flashball]

I'm not the person to ask as I'm not very familiar with them, you should ask a French person, but my impression is that they're more similar in looks to other Northern French, although shifted towards more Celtic British/Irish looks. On the other hand my impression is that Normans look a little more English (though still closer to other French), perhaps because of the Germanic element and other shared ancestral components.

Western Breton are more close to English/Irish and more distant to Northern France (Picardie), genetically.

And no, Normand don't look "more English".

A good caricatural breton face, you can find that in every part of France :
https://lvdneng.rosselcdn.net/sites/default/files/dpistyles_v2/ena_16_9_in_line/2017/05/07/node_159069/28001888/public/2017/05/07/B9711944640Z.1_20170507190636_000%2BG4F90TK78.3-0.jpg?itok=AS4qBUW_1494176805

English look Anglo-saxon, they looks like Swedish or other people.

French it's another thing = Western Euro phenotype. Gaulish phenotype = neither levantine, neither "nordo-baltic". Native, local.

[J.S.]

There were a massive replacement for shure, but probably locals were not so different still.

Massive replacement "for sure"? Not so sure about it.

[J. Ketch]

Massive replacement "for sure"? Not so sure about it.
It depends how you define massive. Generally language change accompanies significant replacement though, at least in those circumstances.

[celticdragongod]

It depends how you define massive. Generally language change accompanies significant replacement though, at least in those circumstances.

There was probably a massive replacement of the male population with the survivors being mostly young females.

[J. Ketch]

There was probably a massive replacement of the male population with the survivors being mostly young females.
Yeah, but I was talking about Brittany, the founding of which is cloaked in more mystery than England.

[J.S.]

It depends how you define massive. Generally language change accompanies significant replacement though, at least in those circumstances.

The departments with the largest values of local genetic differentiation—measured in Fst per 30 km—are the three departments at the western end of Brittany as well as the Vendée department. In summary, both LD and local differentiation suggest that local effective population size is smaller in the western part of Brittany and local differentiation points to a specific pattern in the Vendée Department.(...)

Patterns of genetic variation are partly generated by genetic drift defined as the random fluctuations of allele frequencies. When two populations diverge, genetic differentiation increases because of genetic drift. The smaller the effective population size, the larger the effect of genetic drift. We argue that the larger values of local Fst and of LD that were found in Brittany are explained by the enhanced effect of genetic drift in populations of lower effective population size.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795055/


To investigate fine-scale structure in Western France, I assembled genotype data for 3,234 individuals whose grandparents were born within two administrative regions, Brittany and Pays de la Loire. To under- stand the distribution of population diversity in Western France , we computed measures such as LD decay and length of ROH across the different regions.
LD decay was calculated for two regions (Figure 3.5). Like in [99], LD is higher in Brittany Region than in Pays de la Loire. I corroborated LD decay results with length of runs of homozygosity. Length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) gradually increases towards the end of Brittany Peninsula. We observe that visually at the departmental level (Figure 3.6 a) as well as in the linear regression models. We regressed longitude, latitude and average distance between grandparents’ birthplace on the length of ROH of each individual (Table 3.2). Estimated coefficients suggest that length of ROH and longitude are negatively correlated, thus length of ROH increase westwards. Next we regressed distance between individual birthplace and the westernmost commune in Brittany (Le Conquet) and average distance between grandparents’ birthplace on the length of ROH (Table 3.3). Estimated coefficients reveal that the length of ROH increases when the distance to westernmost point of Brittany decreases. Both LD and ROH results suggest smaller effective population size in Brittany. Finer scale of arrondissements for ROH allows to notice local phenomena, in particular near Brest, St. Malo and Cholet (Figure 3.6 b).
http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1007

https://i.imgur.com/3Dgm9si.png

[J.S.]

delete

[Redmar]

It's balanced out now. Since the industrialisation of the 19th century people from all across the British Isles moved to South-East England. I do expect that the natives of South-East England to be overwhelmingly Germanic. At least the men.

[J. Ketch]

It's balanced out now. Since the industrialisation of the 19th century people from all across the British Isles moved to South-East England. I do expect that the natives of South-East England to be overwhelmingly Germanic. At least the men.
That's true, also non-Germanic European immigrants, which makes East Anglia and probably the East Midlands the most Anglo-Saxon now.

https://i.postimg.cc/9mKFLBRD/iron-age.jpg

[Jana]

That's true, also non-Germanic European immigrants, which makes East Anglia and probably the East Midlands the most Anglo-Saxon now.

What about Yorkshire?

[Redmar]

What about Yorkshire?

Northern England seems solidly Anglo-Danish. The natives pass for Danes, Dutch and Northern Germans easily.

[J. Ketch]

What about Yorkshire?
Perhaps, but Yorkshire was the heart of the Danelaw, so it is more Germanic than specifically Anglo-Saxon, whose entry point was SE Eng/East Anglia, and whose influence tailed off in the North. In more recent centuries Yorkshire has also been heavily industrialised and received many Irish and Scots, that have assimilated.

[J. Ketch]

Northern England seems solidly Anglo-Danish. The natives pass for Danes, Dutch and Northern Germans easily.
For a long time Northumbrians (Northern English) preferred Danish overlords to Saxon ones in the South! That North-South divide has never gone away.

[Redmar]

For a long time Northumbrians (Northern English) preferred Danish overlords to Saxon ones in the South! That North-South divide has never gone away.

Yeah, I know of Cnut, Siefried and Halfdan. They became Danish overlords in Southern Northumbria shortly after the invasion of the Great Heathen Army. It was said that Ubba was described as a descendant of a Frisian benefice. Restore the North-Sea Empire ;)

[J. Ketch]

Possible sneak preview of the paper
https://i.postimg.cc/Cxdy4tGb/SaxonPCA.png

[J. Ketch]

Very good paper from a decade ago by Heinrich Harke, that sums it all up well - Anglo-Saxon Immigration and Ethnogenesis
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272308208_Anglo-Saxon_Immigration_and_Ethnogenesis

Some key points:

As a result, the model envisages two broad phases in the creation of the Anglo-Saxons: an ethnically divided conquest society in the 5th/6th centuries in which immigrants and their descendants practised a form of ‘apartheid’ in order to preserve their dominance; and a phase of increasing acculturation and assimilation of the natives in the 7th/8th centuries that laid the foundations of a common English identity

The only approach possible is, therefore, via biological data: modern DNA, stable isotopes and skeletal evidence. All of these can offer only relative, not absolute figures. The analysis of a small sample of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) set an upper limit of 20% of female immigration from northern Germany and Jutland, but the study remained un published because of insufficient data quality.26 Two studies of modern Y-chromosome DNA have estimated proportions of continental male introgression into England during the 1st millennium ad of 50 to 100%, and 54.1%, respectively; the second study noted marked regional differences (24.4 to 72.5%) within England which might point to different scales of immigration and/or to different forms of settlement (Fig 3)

The calculation of absolute numbers of migrants requires us to put these proportions in relation to the overall size of the native population in the immigration areas of England. The population of Roman Britain is now estimated at some two to six million, with the most recent calculation arriving at 3.7 million for the late 3rd/early 4th century ad.33 It has been suggested that there was some population decline in the late Roman and sub-Roman periods, possibly as a result of disease and famine in the 5th century.34 For the discussion here, and taking into account that Roman Britain encompassed a somewhat larger area than the early Anglo-Saxon settlement areas, we may use the conservative assumption of around 2 million native Britons in the later Germanic settlement areas in England at the end of the 3rd century, followed by a decline to around one million during the 4th and 5th centuries.

In neighbouring Wessex, archaeology contradicts both, and implies a rather different process.51 Instead of the reported conquest northwards starting in ad 495 and reaching the Upper Thames by ad 556, burials, artefacts and settlements in diagnostic Anglo-Saxon style suggest the presence of intrusive settlers by the second half of the 5th century around Winchester in southern Wessex, and even earlier (second quarter of the 5th century) further north, around Dorchester on the Upper Thames.52 There is widespread agreement that this situation reflects an early, possibly peaceful settlement of Saxons in Wessex, followed by the conquest by an ethnically mixed warband whose leaders and their descendants had British-sounding names (Cerdic, Cynric, Cædwalla) even though they were later called ‘West Saxons’

There can be little doubt that the immigrants came from, or were made up of, a variety of ethnic groups. Bede provides two lists of ‘tribes’ represented among the incomers, a short one listing Angles, Saxons and Jutes, and a longer one listing Frisians, Rugii, Huns, Old Saxons and Bructeri.57 Ethnic interpretation of archaeological finds, while broadly supporting Bede’s short list, would also add Franks in southern England, at least one Goth in SW England, and Scandinavians from southern Norway in eastern England; and the place name Swaffham (Norfolk) would add Suevi (ie Alamanni) in East Anglia.58 Given the vagaries of transport across the North Sea and the probable inter-vention of native authorities and populations, it is highly unlikely that the incomers would have settled in the ethnic blocks reported by Bede; and there are, indeed, some hints in the archaeological record and Old English place names of ethnic overlaps and interspersed settlement.59 Over time, this would have led to mixing and fusion of immigrant groups, particularly in the face of the numerical superiority of the native population. But the exact processes involved here are difficult to elucidate from any type of evidence. It is interesting, however, that some tribal or group identities (Saxon, Anglian, Jutish) based on real or fictitious links to continental tribes and ancestors became the nuclei of emerging kingdoms and new regional identities whereas others did not.60 Unsuccessful identities included that of the ‘Frankish’ military leaders identified by Evison in southern England who were apparently subsumed in the regional identity of the new West Saxons.

Support for the model of two coexisting populations derives from historical and linguistic evidence. The laws of King Ine of Wessex (issued ad 688 x 694) mention six classes of ‘Welsh’ (Britons) and confirm the lower status of the natives; a couple of clauses imply a reasonably close proximity of Germanic and native populations.82 The old assumption that these Britons were living in Dorset and Somerset, not in eastern Wessex, was never based on any kind of evidence.83 The historian Woolf has recently used the Laws of Ine to suggest the existence of apartheid in early Anglo-Saxon England.84 A recent sociolinguistic study has identified traces of the survival of a Brittonic substratum in early English; this presupposes close contact and interrelationship between the speakers of the two languages within settlements and residential units, but with limited interethnic marriage.

A different situation, which may be termed ‘warband’ model, seems to be repre-sented by the cemetery of Stretton-on-Fosse II (Warwickshire).86 At this site, located on the western fringes of the early Anglo-Saxon settlement area, the proportion of male adults with weapons is 82%, well above the average in southern England. Cemetery II, the Anglo-Saxon burial site, is immediately adjacent to two Romano-British cemeteries, Stretton-on-Fosse I and III, the latter only 60 metres away from Anglo-Saxon burials. Continuity of the native female population at this site has been inferred from the con-tinuity of textile techniques (unusual in the transition from the Romano-British to the Anglo-Saxon periods), and by the continuity of epigenetic traits from the Roman to the Anglo-Saxon burials. At the same time, the skeletal evidence demonstrates the appearance in the post-Roman period of a new physical type of males who are more slender and taller than the men in the adjacent Romano-British cemeteries. Taken together, the observations suggest the influx of a group of males, probably most or all of them Germanic, who took control of the local community and married native women.


As far as the archaeological evidence can tell us, acculturation in the settlement areas of continental immigrants was a one-way process: the common culture being created was essentially Anglo-Saxon, not mixed or hybrid Anglo-British. This mirrors the linguistic process whereby the natives adopted Old English and dropped their own language over time.

The 7th/8th-century average stature of male individuals in Anglo-Saxon cemeteries dropped by 15 mm (⅝ in) compared with the 5th/6th-century average.106 This development is most marked in Wessex where the average dropped by 24 mm (1 in).107 This drop is not easily explained with environmental changes; there is no evidence for a change in diet in the 7th/8th centuries, nor is there any evidence of a further influx of immigrants at this time. Given the lower average stature of Britons, the most likely expla-nation would be a gradual Saxonisation or Anglicisation of the material culture of native enclaves, an increasing assimilation of native populations into Anglo-Saxon communities, and increasing intermarriage between immigrants and natives within Anglo-Saxon popu-lations, all of which would bring increasing numbers of natives into the ‘Anglo-Saxon’ sample.

In the 7th century, men with weapons and/or conspicuous grave-goods were no longer taller, on average, than men without weapons.109 This should mean that the deposition of martial symbols in graves had lost its ethnic connotations, and that the display of wealth was no longer the domain of descendants of immigrants. This development suggests that the social elite of the 7th/8th centuries became ethnically mixed, and the ritual expression of social differences superseded that of ethnic differences.

The 7th/8th centuries witnessed the beginning of the end of a separate British identity, and the foundation of a common ‘English’ identity. It may not be a coincidence that this phase also saw the first elements of state formation in England.126 The emergence of the state might have led to the suppression of separate ethnic identities and the use of an ideology emphasising unity; alternatively it might have led to the expression of ethnic differences in new ways, eg by laws and landholding. The Christianisation of England in the 7th century is likely to have played an important role in this dual process of state formation and ethnogenesis that seems to have been largely completed by the late 9th century. The Laws of Alfred fail to mention Britons, even though they are mentioned several times in the earlier Laws of Ine that Alfred had appended to his own laws. Again, the emphasis on, or assumption of, a Christian English identity at a time when Alfred’s England was faced with the challenge of pagan Viking raiders and settlers was hardly a coincidence, and a common identity is indeed likely to have been the outcome of a common struggle.

And the whole process of ethnogenesis resulting from the immigration of a socially and militarily dominant minority has close parallels in the German Ostkolonisation of the high Middle Ages. This colonisation provides numerous scenarios whereby German lords and landowners brought substantial groups of German and Dutch settlers into areas with Slav or Baltic majority populations; and many of the latter, having lost their own leadership, became Germanised through well-documented legal, cultural, social and economic processes that created the ‘new tribes’ of eastern Germany: the Silesians, Pomeranians and Prussians.

[de Burgh II]

Anglo-Saxon conquest in a nutshell:

https://ofamilyblog.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/map-of-the-anglo-saxon-kingdoms-of-england.-free-to-download-hand-drawn-by-ofamilylearningtogether.com_.jpg?w=768

Anglo-Saxon invasions/petty kingdoms that coalesced the British ethnogenesis into what it is today. Whereas the native Britons (Irish-like Insular Celts) were pushed to the western fringes of the British Isles such as Cumbria ( Hen Ogledd/"Old North"), Wales, Cornwall and Brittany, etc. Nevertheless, genetically speaking, Insular Celts and Germanics both have strong native northern European ancestry so it can be hard to decipher between the two despite the genetic infusion that occurred.


Schiffels et al. (2016) examined the remains of three Iron Age Britons buried ca. 100 BC.[33] A female buried in Linton, Cambridgeshire carried the maternal haplogroup H1e, while two males buried in Hinxton both carried the paternal haplogroup R1b1a2a1a2, and the maternal haplogroups K1a1b1b and H1ag1.[34] Their genetic profile was considered typical for Northwest European populations.[33] Though sharing a common Northwestern European origin [with Germanic peoples] [sic], the Iron Age individuals were markedly different from later Anglo-Saxon samples, who were closely related to Danes and Dutch people.[35]

Martiano et al. (2016) examined the remains of a female Iron Age Briton buried at Melton between 210 BC and 40 AD.[36] She was found to be carrying the maternal haplogroup U2e1e.[37] The study also examined seven males buried in Driffield Terrace near York between the 2nd century AD and the 4th century AD during the period of Roman Britain.[36] Six of these individuals were identified as native Britons.[38] The six examined native Britons all carried types of the paternal R1b1a2a1a, and carried the maternal haplogroups H6a1a, H1bs, J1c3e2, H2, H6a1b2 and J1b1a1.[37] The indigenous Britons of Roman Britain were genetically closely related to the earlier Iron Age female Briton, and displayed close genetic links to modern Celts of the British Isles, particularly Welsh people, suggesting genetic continuity between Iron Age Britain and Roman Britain, and partial genetic continuity between Roman Britain and modern Britain.[39][38] On the other hand, they were genetically substantially different from the examined Anglo-Saxon individual and modern English populations of the area, suggesting that the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain left a profound genetic impact.[40] [...]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Britons

Hence, through a founder effect of this genetic impact and through eventual genetic drift created the modern English diaspora:


One of the researchers, Dr. Stephan Schiffels, said that by sequencing the DNA from ten skeletons from each age, they were able to obtain the first complete ancient genomes from Great Britain. He added that comparing the two ancient genomes with sequences of hundreds of modern European genomes, they were able to estimate that 38% of the ancestors of the English were actually Anglo-Saxons. This is actually the first and most accurate estimate of the impact of immigration on Britain from the 5th to 7th centuries A.D. [...]

It has been nearly 13 centuries since the English ‘people’ first appeared in historical records. A monk named Venerable Bede recorded the history of his times and makes references to the English people and their history. Bede’s works are very important for our knowledge of the Anglo-Saxons. The monk recorded how the Anglo-Saxons had moved to Britain and became Christian.

https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/03/09/new-research-suggests-modern-english-people-may-anglo-saxon-dna/?firefox=1


From there, the scientists could track the contribution made by those Anglo-Saxon migrants to modern British populations.

They found that on average 25%-40% of the ancestry of modern Britons is attributable to the Anglo-Saxons. But the fraction of Saxon ancestry is greater in eastern England, closest to where the migrants settled. [...]

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35344663

[J. Ketch]

Possible sneak preview of the paper
https://i.postimg.cc/Cxdy4tGb/SaxonPCA.png
In this this PCA, average modern English look almost equidistant between the two clusters of Celtic Britons and Anglo-Saxons, but not directly between them. Early English were directly between Insular Celts and Anglo-Saxons (North German/Danish-like), whereas modern English are more southern shifted, between Insular Celts and South Dutch. This suggests a Southern genetic influence in England after the Saxon period, most probably from Norman French.

Note the 9-18% ancient 'Italian' in the modern British Isles, and 5-10% in modern Scandinavia, from the 2020 Genomics of the Viking World.
https://i.imgur.com/npxzaqF.png

Modern UK individuals contain around 9-18% ‘Italian’ ancestry, plausibly associated with
the Normans and associated increase in population movement during that era.

So it seems as though the Normans did have a notable genetic influence in the British Isles, to go with their profound influence in other areas.

[celticdragongod]

In this this PCA, average modern English look almost equidistant between the two clusters of Celtic Britons and Anglo-Saxons, but not directly between them. Early English were directly between Insular Celts and Anglo-Saxons (North German/Danish-like), whereas modern English are more southern shifted, between Insular Celts and South Dutch. This suggests a Southern genetic influence in England after the Saxon period, most probably from Norman French.

Note the 9-18% ancient 'Italian' in the modern British Isles, and 5-10% in modern Scandinavia, from the 2020 Genomics of the Viking World.
https://i.imgur.com/npxzaqF.png


So it seems as though the Normans did have a notable genetic influence in the British Isles, to go with their profound influence in other areas.

Couldn't the Italian influence be due to the Romans?

[Ayetooey]

Couldn't the Italian influence be due to the Romans?

If the input is post Anglo Saxon it can’t be Roman. The modern English nation and much of its traditions basically descend from the Norman conquest and the English language is Norman af. A large genetic contribution probably makes sense to be honest. It’s a nicer thought than just being culture cucked by the Norman’s imo.

[J. Ketch]

Couldn't the Italian influence be due to the Romans?
Well, with 'Italian' you might assume so, but the authors relate it to potential Norman influence in Britain rather than Roman, so I'll take their word for it. It's also more widespread than the bounds of the Roman Empire if you look at the chart, and increased in modern people across Northern Europe. It's confusing why they chose Italian as the reference though, and not French.

[J. Ketch]

So if the heavy post-1066 Norman influence is true, it seems as though the pre-Norman English were about 50% or over Germanic. This is less of a drop from the 80% replacement in the 5th/6th centuries, and makes sense of the fact that modern English share more drift with Danes/Dutch than with Insular Celts.

[JamesBond007]

In this this PCA, average modern English look almost equidistant between the two clusters of Celtic Britons and Anglo-Saxons, but not directly between them. Early English were directly between Insular Celts and Anglo-Saxons (North German/Danish-like), whereas modern English are more southern shifted, between Insular Celts and South Dutch. This suggests a Southern genetic influence in England after the Saxon period, most probably from Norman French.


So it seems as though the Normans did have a notable genetic influence in the British Isles, to go with their profound influence in other areas.


Are you sure ? I think it depends on what part of England. Also, Aren't south Dutch basically true krauts larping as Dutch unlike Saxons? I think it is more like French and Kraut admixture no more than 45 %with a quarter of it being kraut in Southern or SouthEast England or something. Anyhow, I hate to bring this back to me I was looking at my K36 report generated by Lukasz et. al. I'm convinced tools like K15 and K36 are generally superior to G25 not that G25 is terrible but the former tools have a focus on Europe. SouthEast England is the most continental but even Scots are true 'Celts'. You've probably seen this before a long time ago but to refresh your memory (the point of posting this is not to show where I plot but to show how NorthWest England etc.. plots closer to different more northern parts of the Netherlands and Scandinavia perhaps while SouthEast England is more continental and plots closer to the area you a describing it seems also Ireland plots relatively close to some northern parts of England and Scotland (?) :


https://i.postimg.cc/h4N8m1vF/k36-019.png


Anyway, I only have my report to look at in full but here is my break down it says I'm part Scottish like 21% and I think liverpool has a strong Irish Gaelic presence :


https://i.postimg.cc/zf3SW-tCr/cylinder.png

^If the Tirol slice was significantly bigger I might plot more towards SouthEast England (not sure)

Here is my map it pretty much shows that Scotland is not really that Celtic perhaps and NorthWest England is more like Northern Netherlands perhaps while SouthEast England is perhaps a different beast ?



https://i.postimg.cc/9Qggvq1c/similarmap2.png


^ Apparently, I can walk around Liverpool England and Scotland blend in just fine but I'm not celt per se . Do Celts even exist outside of Ireland and perhaps Britanny France ? Also, there is probably more Celtic ancestry in the low countries than is generally realized but that does not make them 'celts'.

What would be cool if you could get Norb to do this k36 report from Lukasz and other people from SouthEast England for comparison.

[JamesBond007]

Well, with 'Italian' you might assume so, but the authors relate it to potential Norman influence in Britain rather than Roman, so I'll take their word for it. It's also more widespread than the bounds of the Roman Empire if you look at the chart, and increased in modern people across Northern Europe. It's confusing why they chose Italian as the reference though, and not French.

I think its not Italian more like 45% French and kraut mix in southern parts of England and 25% of it is kraut or something.

[J. Ketch]

Anyhow, I hate to bring this back to me
Sure you do.

[Ayetooey]

Do we have any good medieval Norman samples?

[Peterski]

Study on cranial bases from this month with similar conclusions:

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252477


Abstract
The settlement of Great Britain by Germanic-speaking people from continental northwest Europe in the Early Medieval period (early 5th to mid 11th centuries CE) has long been recognised as an important event, but uncertainty remains about the number of settlers and the nature of their relationship with the preexisting inhabitants of the island. In the study reported here, we sought to shed light on these issues by using 3D shape analysis techniques to compare the cranial bases of Anglo-Saxon skeletons to those of skeletons from Great Britain that pre-date the Early Medieval period and skeletons from Denmark that date to the Iron Age. Analyses that focused on Early Anglo-Saxon skeletons indicated that between two-thirds and three-quarters of Anglo-Saxon individuals were of continental northwest Europe ancestry, while between a quarter and one-third were of local ancestry. In contrast, analyses that focused on Middle Anglo-Saxon skeletons suggested that 50–70% were of local ancestry, while 30–50% were of continental northwest Europe ancestry. Our study suggests, therefore, that ancestry in Early Medieval Britain was similar to what it is today—mixed and mutable.

The early Anglo-Saxon period is identified as 410-660 AD, while the Middle Anglo-Saxon period is identified as 660-889 AD. The Middle Anglo-Saxon English ancestry is similar to today, so that's a more precise idea of when the ethnogenesis occurred. The English of Alfred, Alcuin, Bede, Offa etc were practically modern English genetically (although not necessarily those individuals).

NO3423, Anglo-Saxon from Northumbria dated to 650-910 AD (so already Middle AS period) is still not similar to modern English, but much more Germanic:


England_Saxon:NO3423,0.129758,0.13405,0.068259,0.0 62339,0.0397,0.017012,0.004465,0.002077,0.001227,-0.007107,-0.007795,0.001499,-0.010852,-0.010459,0.027823,0.005569,-0.014212,0.004561,-0.000126,0.005002,0.009982,0.002473,0.002465,0.015 183,0.001916

^^^ G25 scaled coordinates.

Maybe there was a large spread in the Northumbrian society at that time with some people still being almost 100% autosomally Briton (even if culturally already Anglo-Saxon), while some others being like NO3423. And everything in-between.

[Token]

NO3423, Anglo-Saxon from Northumbria dated to 650-910 AD (so already Middle AS period) is still not similar to modern English, but much more Germanic:


England_Saxon:NO3423,0.129758,0.13405,0.068259,0.0 62339,0.0397,0.017012,0.004465,0.002077,0.001227,-0.007107,-0.007795,0.001499,-0.010852,-0.010459,0.027823,0.005569,-0.014212,0.004561,-0.000126,0.005002,0.009982,0.002473,0.002465,0.015 183,0.001916

^^^ G25 scaled coordinates.

Maybe there was a large spread in the Northumbrian society at that time with some people still being almost 100% autosomally Briton (even if culturally already Anglo-Saxon), while some others being like NO3423. And everything in-between.

Cranial studies of the oldies show that the Anglo-Saxons were still largely "Anglo-Saxon" as late as the 9th century AD, so I'm inclined to believe that the Vikings still encountered very Germanic individuals in their early raids. Could the Viking invasions have stimulated the union of Saxons and natives? Dunno, but it is possible.

[Peterski]

Cranial studies of the oldies show that the Anglo-Saxons were still largely "Anglo-Saxon" as late as the 9th century AD, so I'm inclined to believe that the Vikings still encountered very Germanic individuals in their early raids. Could the Viking invasions have stimulated the union of Saxons and natives? Dunno, but it is possible.

Yes it is possible. BTW I'm surprised that the Welsh did not unite with the Vikings in order to reconquer at least some of formerly Briton lands from the Anglo-Saxons.

[Token]

Yes it is possible. BTW I'm surprised that the Welsh did not unite with the Vikings in order to reconquer at least some of formerly Briton lands from the Anglo-Saxons.
The Britons seem to have lost their impetus after tasting the niceties of Roman civilization, like all other Roman provincials. No wonder western Europe turned into a Germanic battlefield in the early Middle Ages, with the rest being not much more than onlookers and food producers for their successive Germanic lords.

[J. Ketch]

NO3423, Anglo-Saxon from Northumbria dated to 650-910 AD (so already Middle AS period) is still not similar to modern English, but much more Germanic:


England_Saxon:NO3423,0.129758,0.13405,0.068259,0.0 62339,0.0397,0.017012,0.004465,0.002077,0.001227,-0.007107,-0.007795,0.001499,-0.010852,-0.010459,0.027823,0.005569,-0.014212,0.004561,-0.000126,0.005002,0.009982,0.002473,0.002465,0.015 183,0.001916

^^^ G25 scaled coordinates.

Maybe there was a large spread in the Northumbrian society at that time with some people still being almost 100% autosomally Briton (even if culturally already Anglo-Saxon), while some others being like NO3423. And everything in-between.
Yes, I'd expect there to be more ancestral variance until later in the Middle Ages.

Eastern English are seemingly not much more Brittonic drifted than those Anglo-Saxon era samples, just more Southern.

The homogenisation of British population structure through admixture
In contrast to the gentle gradient of ancient Irish variation, British and continental individuals show a
more punctuated distribution along PC2 (Fig. 4.6B-C), forming two clear clusters at both ends of modern
British variation. Anglo-Saxons fall with southeastern English variation in this and all other PCs
considered, alongside a Nordic Iron Age sample, reflecting the large genetic contribution of Germanic
migrations to this part of the island (Leslie et al. 2015; Schiffels et al. 2016). Iron Age Britons comprise
another tight grouping at the opposite end of British variation, emphasising the admixed nature of the
modern population (Leslie et al. 2015; Martiniano et al. 2016; Schiffels et al. 2016). Early snapshots of
continental introgression events may be represented by two samples that fall midway between the two
groups, one from an Anglo-Saxon context (O3), which was reported as admixed in the original study
(Schiffels et al. 2016), and the second from a Roman British population (6DT23), another member of
which was demonstrated to be of likely Middle Eastern origin (Martiniano et al. 2016). Notably, no Irish
Iron Age samples are seen to fall into this region of the PC space
https://i.postimg.cc/S4Tny5kc/cassiyfig4-6.jpg

[J. Ketch]

Yes it is possible. BTW I'm surprised that the Welsh did not unite with the Vikings in order to reconquer at least some of formerly Briton lands from the Anglo-Saxons.
They did at Brunanburh (modern Cheshire), but they failed, and the Kingdom of England was solidified.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh

[Peterski]

They did at Brunanburh (modern Cheshire), but they failed, and the Kingdom of England was solidified.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh

Thanks for the info, but Strathclyde was not located in present-day Wales.

It seems that kingdoms from present-day Wales did not participate.

Edit:

Actually maybe the Kingdom of Gwent participated too.

[J. Ketch]

Thanks for the info, but Strathclyde was not located in present-day Wales.

It seems that kingdoms from present-day Wales did not participate.
They were Welsh though, those distinctions didn't exist yet, not to the English anyway. The King of Strathclyde was Owain ap Dyfnwal, couldn't get any more Welsh than that. Wales is simply the Brythonic lands that weren't conquered (until later).

The main reason the Welsh in Wales didn't bother the English much was because of Offa's Dyke, built in the 8th century, separating Wales from Mercia.

[J. Ketch]

The Britons seem to have lost their impetus after tasting the niceties of Roman civilization, like all other Roman provincials. No wonder western Europe turned into a Germanic battlefield in the early Middle Ages, with the rest being not much more than onlookers and food producers for their successive Germanic lords.
I'm not sure how Romanised/'Civilised' most of the Britons were though, it surprised me before how small a percentage of the population of Roman Britain was urban, and they would have been demographically hardest hit by Roman withdrawal. Actually it's remarkable how un-Romanised the known sub-Roman Britons were and what little legacy there was from 300+ years of colonisation, almost as remarkable as how un-Celtic the early English were.

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Some of the samples we currently have from the Viking and Anglo-Saxon eras definitely shift out of modern populations. I wonder if this is "real" or an artifact of the PCA.

https://i.imgur.com/W3a3EZ2.png

[J. Ketch]

I remember there was a kit of a 14th century Plague Victim from London, who was very Southern-shifted/French-like. Do you still have the gedmatch scores for him Peterski?

[Paleolithic]

Target: Paleolithic_scaled Distance: 5.6495% / 0.05649474
89.6 England_Saxon
9.4 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna
1.0 England_Roman

Distance to: Paleolithic_scaled
0.05662887 England_Saxon:I0769
0.06493732 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_84001
0.06545302 England_Saxon:I0159
0.06555991 England_Saxon:I0773
0.06668266 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_grt035
0.06682187 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_kls001
0.06796331 England_Saxon:I0161
0.06813097 England_Saxon:I0157
0.06941985 England_Saxon:I0777
0.07004397 England_Saxon:NO3423
0.07089416 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_stg026
0.07201973 England_Roman:6DT18
0.07352973 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_stg021
0.07356575 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_gtm021
0.07410970 England_Roman:6DT3
0.07445717 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_urm035
0.07492253 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_urm160
0.07509126 England_Roman:3DT16
0.07809393 England_Saxon:I0774
0.07829500 England_Roman:6DT21
0.07925876 England_Roman:6DT22
0.08167477 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_grt036
0.08380381 England_Roman:6DT23
0.08570145 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_84005
0.08700848 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_97002

Target: Paleolithic_scaled Distance: 6.9600% / 0.06959978
100.0 Germanic

[Arzanene]

it generally depends on the region. this guy is from Coastal Nofolk in east anglia and he seems to be very Germanic/Saxon.

Norfolk,47.39,23.79,15.66,1.42,7.84,1.05,0.61,0,0, 1.45,0.58,0.21,0

while this person is a mix from different parts of the West midlands and seems very Celtic.

west_midlands,53.77,22.21,11.57,4.45,4.32,0.64,0.0 6,0.27,0.6,1.17,0.95,0,0

[J. Ketch]

it generally depends on the region. this guy is from Coastal Nofolk in east anglia and he seems to be very Germanic/Saxon.

Norfolk,47.39,23.79,15.66,1.42,7.84,1.05,0.61,0,0, 1.45,0.58,0.21,0

while this person is a mix from different parts of the West midlands and seems very Celtic.

west_midlands,53.77,22.21,11.57,4.45,4.32,0.64,0.0 6,0.27,0.6,1.17,0.95,0,0
Individuals can vary a lot, but these are averages for different regions of England:


English_Midlands(n=65),49.46,23.56,13.75,5.58,4.09 ,0.63,1.09,0.19,0.23,0.49,0.41,0.24,0.20
English_North(n=107),50.43,23.89,13.25,5.51,3.41,0 .67,1.00,0.11,0.29,0.60,0.40,0.19,0.18
English_Southeast(n=83),48.87,23.39,13.79,5.65,4.5 2,0.76,1.11,0.19,0.31,0.56,0.42,0.22,0.13
English_Southwest(n=38),50.08,22.98,14.31,5.42,3.6 4,0.62,1.08,0.14,0.22,0.66,0.46,0.17,0.16
English_East(n=19),48.53,23.36,13.76,5.38,5.07,0.8 9,1.01,0.28,0.38,0.57,0.27,0.29,0.14
English_East_Midlands(n=25),49.1,23.71,14.03,5.77, 3.89,0.79,1.03,0.15,0.15,0.46,0.42,0.23,0.22
English_Northeast(n=13),49.73,24.59,13.25,5.66,3.3 8,0.79,0.91,0.04,0.36,0.62,0.31,0.18,0.11
English_Northwest(n=52),50.70,23.63,13.36,5.42,3.4 6,0.61,0.96,0.16,0.28,0.58,0.36,0.20,0.22
English_South_East(n=56),48.98,23.53,13.71,5.73,4. 28,0.76,1.14,0.16,0.26,0.57,0.46,0.21,0.14
English_West_Midlands(n=41),49.80,23.41,13.60,5.44 ,4.18,0.54,1.14,0.21,0.28,0.52,0.39,0.24,0.18
English_Yorkshire(n=26),50.99,23.55,13.20,5.60,2.9 2,0.77,1.07,0.11,0.21,0.68,0.54,0.16,0.15
English_Lancashire(n=30),50.70,23.72,13.27,5.50,3. 38,0.67,0.91,0.08,0.20,0.67,0.38,0.24,0.21



Distance to: English_East(n=19)
0.74853190 English_Southeast
1.42902064 English_Midlands
1.58177116 English
2.25341962 English_Southwest
2.65299830 English_North
2.77771489 Dutch
2.87097544 Cornish
2.92579904 Dutch_South
3.26651190 Welsh
3.41027858 French_Brittany
3.49161854 Dutch_Central
3.85438711 Flemish
3.89916658 Scottish_East
4.00842862 German_Westphalia
4.03313774 German_Lower_Saxony_South
4.07155990 Scottish_North-Highlands
4.11141095 Scottish_Northeast
4.21557825 Scottish
4.49468575 German_Rhineland-Palatinate_East_of_Rhine
4.54739486 Scottish_Southwest
4.58652374 Belgian
4.66335716 Irish_Leinster
4.93850180 German_Schleswig-Holstein
5.05313764 Dutch_North
5.18830415 French_Normandy



Distance to: English_West_Midlands(n=41)
0.38961519 English
0.45110974 English_Midlands
1.05247328 English_Southwest
1.05692952 English_Southeast
1.18456743 English_North
1.69319225 Cornish
1.82534928 Welsh
2.41878068 Scottish_East
2.57416006 Dutch
2.60578203 Scottish_Northeast
2.61044058 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.71950363 Scottish
3.00512895 Dutch_Central
3.05872522 Scottish_Southwest
3.19895295 Irish_Leinster
3.67922546 German_Westphalia
3.79180696 German_Lower_Saxony_South
3.96706441 French_Brittany
3.97502201 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
4.20622158 Irish
4.32647663 German_Schleswig-Holstein
4.32952653 Dutch_North
4.37706523 Dutch_South
4.61557147 Irish_Connacht
4.66507235 Irish_Munster

West Midlands is actually closer by distance to Saxons etc, because SE England/East Anglia has more Celtic/Southern blood. SE Eng/East Anglia is shifted heavily towards South Dutch (Celto-Germanics).

[J. Ketch]

Quotes from the conclusions of Beddoe's The Races of Britain


That a comparison of the Indices of Nigrescence in the continental regions whence these last-named invaders came with those found in the parts of the British Isles where they settled, and those of the purest Gaelic and so-called Celtic stocks, leads towards the conclusion that in some parts of the east and north Anglo-Saxon or Scandinavian blood predominates, and that in the greater part of England it amounts to something like a half. For example, if we put the index of Friesland and Lower Saxony at about - 20, and that of West Cornwall and of Carmarthenshire (neither of which districts is free from Anglo-Saxon intermixture), at + 60, the mean, + 20, may be expected to represent a mixed population, in which these two stocks are of nearly equal potency. On examination of the coloured map, constructed from personal observation, it will be found that a very large part of England, and almost the entire east of Scotland, yield indices lower than + 20, and, by hypothesis, should have a larger proportion of the Saxon than of the Welsh element in the blood of the people.
So according to him English are about halfway between Frisians/Lower Saxons and the most Celtic parts of Britain (Sth Wales, Cornwall) in hair/eye pigmentation. So much for 'Brits' all being the same.


That the French immigration, subsequent to the Norman Conquest, was large enough to produce a definite ethnological effect in some of the eastern and southern parts of England. That this effect was greater in North and East Yorkshire, and less in most parts of Kent, than the respective positions of these counties would have led one to expect.
Earlier in the book he speculated a 15-20% Norman French input based on name frequency in the Middle Ages, which coincides with 18% 'Italian' signal in modern English that the Viking paper authors speculated was Norman-related.

The proportion of Norman or French blood in southern and eastern England in the time of Edward I. may have equalled 15, or even approached 20 per cent. It was greater than this in the south-midland counties, but less in East Anglia, and in the western and northern counties, especially where free sokemen abounded. It was perhaps rather small in Kent, taken as a whole, owing to the nature- of the land- tenures there, which gave little opportunity to foreigners to get on the land. It was greater in Yorkshire, or at least the north and east of Yorkshire, than in other counties equally remote, owing to the devastation of Deira by the Conqueror having left openings for colonisation

Was any permanent change in physical type effected by the results of the Conquest ? and if so, where, and in what direction ? The addition of fifteen or twenty per cent, of a foreign element, or, more correctly, the addition of fifteen or twenty of a foreign to eighty-five or eighty of a native one, might be expected to produce a distinct and lasting effect if such new element were homogeneous; but homogeneous it was not. The prevailing types among the Galato-Merovingian military aristocracy of France, as well as among the mostly Scandinavian aristocracy of Normandy, were still, we have reason to believe, blond and long-headed ; and the remains of the Anglo-Danish one, with which they certainly mixed to a considerable extent, were a purer breed of the same type, which is still the prevailing one among the upper classes of England. The bulk of the immigrants, however, especially of the portion of them who filtered in gradually and peacefully in later times, would doubtless more resemble the majority of the modern inhabitants of the north of France ; that is to say, they would be in the main a mixture of the square-browed long-faced type which the French ethnologists call Kimric, with the short swarthy round-headed type of Broca's Kelts or Kelto-ligurians. This last, being rather feebly represented here previously, would not easily merge. I think it continues pretty common in the districts where my name-tables lead me to think the most French- men settled. Short, dark, blunt-featured people are commoner, I think, in the South- Midlands than in most other parts ; and the small, swarthy, round-faced people whom Phillips met with so frequently along the Yorkshire Ouse, and who struck him by their contrast to the prevailing Yorkshire types, may as well be traced to this immigration as to any early Iberian or Ugrian strain

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Individuals can vary a lot, but these are averages for different regions of England:

West Midlands is actually closer by distance to Saxons etc, because SE England/East Anglia has more Celtic/Southern blood. SE Eng/East Anglia is shifted heavily towards South Dutch (Celto-Germanics).

While diverse, England's homogeneity is high compared to other European countries.

https://i.imgur.com/bPRq9c7.png

[J.S.]

While diverse, England's homogeneity is high compared to other European countries.


You are right, but ones need to compare England with another country of similar size. England is just 130 395 km2 without natural barrier, as far as i know.

[celticdragongod]

Distance to: CDG
1.83711731 English_Northeast(n=13)
2.31205536 English_North(n=107)
2.54994118 English_Lancashire(n=30)
2.62786986 English_Northwest(n=52)
2.74444894 English_Yorkshire(n=26)
2.92620915 English_Midlands(n=65)
2.94271983 English_West_Midlands(n=41)
3.04886864 English_East_Midlands(n=25)
3.11358314 English_South_East(n=56)
3.36569458 English_Southeast(n=83)
3.55177420 English_Southwest(n=38)
3.81308274 English_East(n=19)

Target: CDG
Distance: 1.8371% / 1.83711731
100.0 English_Northeast(n=13)

[Roy]

Distance to: CDG
1.83711731 English_Northeast(n=13)
2.31205536 English_North(n=107)
2.54994118 English_Lancashire(n=30)
2.62786986 English_Northwest(n=52)
2.74444894 English_Yorkshire(n=26)
2.92620915 English_Midlands(n=65)
2.94271983 English_West_Midlands(n=41)
3.04886864 English_East_Midlands(n=25)
3.11358314 English_South_East(n=56)
3.36569458 English_Southeast(n=83)
3.55177420 English_Southwest(n=38)
3.81308274 English_East(n=19)

Target: CDG
Distance: 1.8371% / 1.83711731
100.0 English_Northeast(n=13)

What CDG stands for?

[Roy]

Distance to: CDG
1.83711731 English_Northeast(n=13)
2.31205536 English_North(n=107)
2.54994118 English_Lancashire(n=30)
2.62786986 English_Northwest(n=52)
2.74444894 English_Yorkshire(n=26)
2.92620915 English_Midlands(n=65)
2.94271983 English_West_Midlands(n=41)
3.04886864 English_East_Midlands(n=25)
3.11358314 English_South_East(n=56)
3.36569458 English_Southeast(n=83)
3.55177420 English_Southwest(n=38)
3.81308274 English_East(n=19)

Target: CDG
Distance: 1.8371% / 1.83711731
100.0 English_Northeast(n=13)

What CDG stands for?

[noricum]

What CDG stands for?

Really wild guess:

Celtic
Dragon
God

[Peterski]

This weird website claims that English has a prehistoric presence in Britain:

http://web.archive.org/web/20170523204752/http://www.proto-english.org/

"Linguistic situation at the time of Julius Caesar" (a map from this website):

http://web.archive.org/web/20170429053314im_/http://www.proto-english.org/img/map_engl2.jpg

The author of this website and this theory is Michael Goormachtigh.

[Hialt]

Fresh off the presses:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hps4bM2mZ2E

[Graham]

I'm guessing we will get to know what is happening soon? :thumb001:
https://medievalarchaeology.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/SMAConference2022_ConferenceBooklet3.pdf

The Anglo-Saxon migration and formation of the early English gene pool
Stephan Schiffels and Joscha Gretzinger


The Anglo-Saxon migration and formation of the early English gene pool
Stephan Schiffels and Joscha Gretzinger

A series of migrations and accompanied cultural changes has formed the peoples of Britain and still represents the foundations of the English national identity. For the most prominent of these, the Anglo-Saxon migration, the traditional view outlined that the local Romanised British population was forcibly replaced by invading Germanic tribes, starting in the fifth century AD. However, to which extent this historic event coincided with factual immigration that affected the genetic composition of the British population was focus of generations of scientific and social controversy.


To better understand this key period, we have generated genome-wide sequences from 280 individuals from 22 early medieval cemeteries in England and from 195 additional individuals from contemporaneous sites in continental north-western Europe and Ireland. We combined this data with previously published genome-wide data to a total dataset of more than 750 ancient British genomes spanning from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages, allowing us to investigate shifts and affinities in British finescale population structure during this phase of transformation.



Here we present two results: First, we detect a substantial increase in continental northern European ancestry in England during the Early Anglo-Saxon period, replacing approximately 75% of the local British ancestry. Second, we highlight the yet continuous presence of ancestry identified in Iron Age and Roman individuals during the Early and Middle Anglo-Saxon period. Our observation of a culturally homogenous but genetically diverse Anglo-Saxon population demonstrates that admixture between Britons and continental immigrants was not a geographically restricted or exceptional phenomenon.




Early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries and the implications of new ancient DNA data
Duncan Sayer
There is no genetic signature for an early Anglo-Saxon person. Ancient genetic information has been highly anticipated for decades, but it is only now that we are in the midst of the archaeo-genetic revolution that the wider implications of the evidence are becoming apparent for our understanding of the early Middle Ages. On its own, DNA data cannot tell us who was a migrant, and who was not. But it can tell us about the biological impact of migration. The results of 210 individuals from 9 cemeteries will change the narrative, at the very least it moves the conversation from if there was a migration, to what was the impact of migration. But what has been less anticipated is what DNA deviance can tell us about the people themselves. About gender difference and migration, who was related to who, and how the cultural impact played out at a national, regional, and local level.


https://i.ibb.co/W64McPv/image.png

[J. Ketch]

^One of the preprints is claiming based on isotopic evidence that Anglo-Saxon migration was only slightly more male-mediated than female-mediated (as opposed to the heavily male Viking migration), which would be big news if true, not what many expected. Would change the stereotype about the Anglo-Saxon invasion.

Here:
https://www.academia.edu/81150902/Large_scale_isotopic_data_reveal_gendered_migratio n_into_early_medieval_England_c_AD_400_1100

[Graham]

^One of the preprints is claiming based on isotopic evidence that Anglo-Saxon migration was only slightly more male-mediated than female-mediated (as opposed to the heavily male Viking migration), which would be big news if true, not what many expected. Would change the stereotype about the Anglo-Saxon invasion.

Here:
https://www.academia.edu/81150902/Large_scale_isotopic_data_reveal_gendered_migratio n_into_early_medieval_England_c_AD_400_1100

Always thought of the Saxons as settling into farming which would involve the family. As opposed to the later North Sea Vikings. The Saxons correlate well with arable land in Britain.

[Token]

Posted today on Anthrogenica by JonikW:

The first of the aDNA presentations now: “The Anglo-Saxon migration and formation of the early English gene pool”, Stefan Schiffels and Joscha Gretzinger.

Gretzinger (speaking very quickly throughout) started by saying about 80 people have been working on this since 2018 (including Schiffels as a PhD student). Gretzinger started off by looking at earlier studies including POBI. Then he turned to their own work. This is a map of sites the study looked at to find out the true picture:

https://i.imgur.com/Ftq9RPU.png


England forms a cline between Wales and Scotlands and the Netherlands and Germany on a PCA. In the Bronze and Iron Age, England clusters with other Brits. But the 285 new samples sit with the northern Germans and Danes. The Early Medieval English are genetically closest related to northern Germans, Danes and Dutch. Most sites in England have majority ancestry from the Continent at this time.

Y chromosomes: haplogroup I1 is the big development. Around 76 percent of the paternal ancestry in the study comes from the continent. They also arrive at a level of 76 percent using the autosomal data alone.

https://i.imgur.com/bcEAgC9.png

Mitochondrial dna. Women were also involved in the migration.

Where did the continental incomers come from?: Nearly exclusively Northern Germany and Denmark. There is a “nice cline from the northern Netherlands to southern Sweden”, but mainly concentrated northern Germany and Denmark.

Impact of the migrations on the modern population: It’s not possible to model English as a simple two way mixture between the iron age population and northern Europeans. We think a better model for modern England involves a mixture between the IA Brits, early English and some French ancestry.

A three-way admixture model for the present day population has to include French. French ancestry 43 per cent in east Anglia and also strong in Kent.

Conclusions in bullet points:

We detect 76 percent ancestry replacement during the Early Middle Ages in England
We find no evidence for sex bias in the admixture process
We identify Lower Saxony and Denmark as the most plausible geographic homeland of those immigrants.
Admixture was heterogenous across England and follows an East to West cline
Continental ancestry was later diluted by southwestern European ancestry.

They now want to understand how this later French ancestry entered England (he mentioned David Reich is working with them).

Points from the questions and answers at the end: they have 30 early Medieval and 10 Iron Age samples from the Netherlands (I’m not sure whether those all belong specifically to the study because he mentioned they don’t have English IA samples of their own). Norway was not sampled specifically for the study but it looks different from the key areas discussed here including Denmark. Samples were mostly taken by archaeologists. Next they need to sample the west of England more and be careful to avoid bias of sites. They admit that “one of the major issues” is that they have is that they don’t have Roman samples from Britain. But this large-scale change that we see in the Early Medieval Period in England is NOT Roman Period”. They know this from studies that they have access to but that are not published yet.

[Jana]

How did this French ancestry enter England? Gauls or Normans?

I noticed some south-eastern English can be very southern shifted like user Norb for example, who looks very Germanic (and he probably has lot of Germanic ancestry being from east).
Such people can't be modeled as Iron Age English + Anglo Saxon indeed.

there is something else pulling them south. If it's not Roman, what it is?

Still, I think there was limited Roman impact in southern UK. That could explain why exotic branches of E-V13 and J2b2 and similar pop up in England from time to time.

[Token]

How did this French ancestry enter England? Gauls or Normans?

I noticed some south-eastern English can be very southern shifted like user Norb for example, who looks very Germanic (and he probably has lot of Germanic ancestry being from east).
Such people can't be modeled as Iron Age English + Anglo Saxon indeed.

there is something else pulling them south. If it's not Roman, what it is?

Still, I think there was limited Roman impact in southern UK. That could explain why exotic branches of E-V13 and J2b2 and similar pop up in England from time to time.
It may be from multiple sources, not necessarily just one, but I'd bet the bulk comes from the Normans. Apparently they are working in a paper with David Reich which will try to answer this.

[J. Ketch]

Posted today on Anthrogenica by JonikW:

The first of the aDNA presentations now: “The Anglo-Saxon migration and formation of the early English gene pool”, Stefan Schiffels and Joscha Gretzinger.

Gretzinger (speaking very quickly throughout) started by saying about 80 people have been working on this since 2018 (including Schiffels as a PhD student). Gretzinger started off by looking at earlier studies including POBI. Then he turned to their own work. This is a map of sites the study looked at to find out the true picture:

https://i.imgur.com/Ftq9RPU.png


England forms a cline between Wales and Scotlands and the Netherlands and Germany on a PCA. In the Bronze and Iron Age, England clusters with other Brits. But the 285 new samples sit with the northern Germans and Danes. The Early Medieval English are genetically closest related to northern Germans, Danes and Dutch. Most sites in England have majority ancestry from the Continent at this time.

Y chromosomes: haplogroup I1 is the big development. Around 76 percent of the paternal ancestry in the study comes from the continent. They also arrive at a level of 76 percent using the autosomal data alone.

https://i.imgur.com/bcEAgC9.png

Mitochondrial dna. Women were also involved in the migration.

Where did the continental incomers come from?: Nearly exclusively Northern Germany and Denmark. There is a “nice cline from the northern Netherlands to southern Sweden”, but mainly concentrated northern Germany and Denmark.

Impact of the migrations on the modern population: It’s not possible to model English as a simple two way mixture between the iron age population and northern Europeans. We think a better model for modern England involves a mixture between the IA Brits, early English and some French ancestry.

A three-way admixture model for the present day population has to include French. French ancestry 43 per cent in east Anglia and also strong in Kent.

Conclusions in bullet points:

We detect 76 percent ancestry replacement during the Early Middle Ages in England
We find no evidence for sex bias in the admixture process
We identify Lower Saxony and Denmark as the most plausible geographic homeland of those immigrants.
Admixture was heterogenous across England and follows an East to West cline
Continental ancestry was later diluted by southwestern European ancestry.

They now want to understand how this later French ancestry entered England (he mentioned David Reich is working with them).

Points from the questions and answers at the end: they have 30 early Medieval and 10 Iron Age samples from the Netherlands (I’m not sure whether those all belong specifically to the study because he mentioned they don’t have English IA samples of their own). Norway was not sampled specifically for the study but it looks different from the key areas discussed here including Denmark. Samples were mostly taken by archaeologists. Next they need to sample the west of England more and be careful to avoid bias of sites. They admit that “one of the major issues” is that they have is that they don’t have Roman samples from Britain. But this large-scale change that we see in the Early Medieval Period in England is NOT Roman Period”. They know this from studies that they have access to but that are not published yet.
A lot of what I've been saying for a while. A decent amount of Norman French mediated influence is needed to explain England's current position in PCAs, not just Briton + Germanic, although 43% in parts of the Southeast :icon_eek: That sounds like a bit much based on my modelling, but I speculated up to 20%. I assume some of that must be Flemish, who've had a decent amount of influence in England since the middle ages, or perhaps earlier undetected ancestry from Belgae or Romans in SE Britain that is different from the other Iron Age British references.

Huge news though, proves the decades of mainstream non-migrationist revisionism to be full of crap. And proves again that 'Brits' are not all the same despite what some people seem to think, English and Insular Celts have quite different ancestry.

[J. Ketch]

https://i.postimg.cc/Y2bzptM0/Screenshot-20220625-125120-copy-746x408.png

[J. Ketch]

How did this French ancestry enter England? Gauls or Normans?

I noticed some south-eastern English can be very southern shifted like user Norb for example, who looks very Germanic (and he probably has lot of Germanic ancestry being from east).
Such people can't be modeled as Iron Age English + Anglo Saxon indeed.
Norb plots like a Fleming, which in light of this study makes sense, as SE England like Flanders/South Dutch looks more Germanic + Gaulish than Germanic + Brittonic.

But much of that Gaulish blood has to be pre Anglo-Saxon IMO, even though there's not much evidence of it yet. I believe the Belgae replaced the earlier Celtic Southern Britons to some extent.

[Token]

Admixture proportions for modern-day British. The "Anglo-Saxon" detected among Irish and northern Scots must be largely Viking. Anglo-Saxon ancestry is as low as 25% in Cornwall and as high 50% in eastern England. By the way, let's all laugh at the vast majority of archaeologists who thought that the Anglo-Saxons were just a minority in England compared to native Britons.

https://i.imgur.com/ReEHOaA.png

[Token]

https://i.postimg.cc/Y2bzptM0/Screenshot-20220625-125120-copy-746x408.png

Oh, didn't see that you had posted it already :picard1:

[J. Ketch]

I missed this quote earlier from JonikW:



Conclusion bullet points:
Significant numbers of graves with CNE (Anglo-Saxon) ancestry;
No sex bias to ancestry;
But post-mortem treatment seems to emphasise female artifacts and brooches;
There are significant regional and local patterns;
A significant factor in this migration is the family, providing a vehicle for integration or separation.

Question and answers: Question: are the “French IA” signals actually from the Franks? Response: the only category that really matters is the WBI (British) women. They are the lower status with a “slightly lesser place” in society. But the individuals are not thinking of themselves as AS. However, the IA French ancestry “exists alongside the CNE and WBI” and you’re just as likely to have it in a WBI sample. But “probably, yes” the IA French signal is from the Franks.
Not sure what to make of calling them Franks, but the French IA types existing alongside Anglo-Saxons and Celtic Britons? That's a surprise, and perplexing.

Or if it exists equally in WBI (Celtic Briton) and CNE (Anglo-Saxon) then it's just a part of sub-Roman British ancestry?

[Rædwald]

https://i.postimg.cc/RZSRnDV1/k3623.png

This thread has been interested to read, given my own ancestry.

[J. Ketch]

Spread of CNE ancestry (Anglo-Saxon like) in Europe during and after the Roman Empire, courtesy of JonikW again.
https://i.postimg.cc/g0fKmR14/Screenshot-20220625-124821-2-copy-606x308.png

Thoughts?

[Token]

Spread of CNE ancestry (Anglo-Saxon like) in Europe during and after the Roman Empire, courtesy of JonikW again.
https://i.postimg.cc/g0fKmR14/Screenshot-20220625-124821-2-copy-606x308.png

Thoughts?
CNE seems to peak in the Jastorf-Kultur area in the Iron Age, which was probably Proto-Germanic. The arrow from the continent to southern Sweden is intriguing, I'd tend to think it was the other way around based on the evidence of "Proto-Danes" coming from Sweden to fill the empty space left by the Anglo-Saxons after the great migration. Northern Italy with more Germanic ancestry than northern France also looks weird.

[Grace O'Malley]

Admixture proportions for modern-day British. The "Anglo-Saxon" detected among Irish and northern Scots must be largely Viking. Anglo-Saxon ancestry is as low as 25% in Cornwall and as high 50% in eastern England. By the way, let's all laugh at the vast majority of archaeologists who thought that the Anglo-Saxons were just a minority in England compared to native Britons.

https://i.imgur.com/ReEHOaA.png

That's what the Viking paper concluded but I don't know how much sense that makes as there was obviously English in both Ireland and Scotland. It would have been interesting if they sampled Dublin.

Here's the quote from the Viking paper.


From this, we can see the spread of ancestry during and around the Viking era:
● UK populations have all received high ‘Denmark’ ancestry. Although Anglo-Saxon and Danish Viking ancestry are hard to distinguish, Viking-era Danes have too much “Sweden” ancestry to have contributed more than around 6% ancestry into England, whereas they could plausibly have contributed all (up to 16%) of the Scottish and Irish signal. Anglo-Saxon samples are needed to explore this further.
● The ‘Norway’ ancestry signal in the UK cannot be explained via the Danish or Anglo-Saxon contribution. These fractions (4% in England, Scotland, and Ireland, 3% in Wales) likely correspond to the Norwegian Viking legacy in Britain

The French component is really interesting as well. It looks like southeast England has had a high amount of immigration from the Continent even after the Anglo-Saxons arrival. Really looking forward to this paper coming out in a few weeks' time.

[J. Ketch]

That's what the Viking paper concluded but I don't know how much sense that makes as there was obviously English in both Ireland and Scotland. It would have been interesting if they sampled Dublin.

Here's the quote from the Viking paper.



The French component is really interesting as well. It looks like southeast England has had a high amount of immigration from the Continent even after the Anglo-Saxons arrival. Really looking forward to this paper coming out in a few weeks' time.
That ethnicity estimate again since you brought it up:

https://i.postimg.cc/9fv9JwGy/Got-VW-admixture-estimates.png

Modern samples on the left:

England - 42% Ancient Scandinavian (37% Danish), 38% Ancient British, 18% Southern European
Wales - 58% Ancient British, 26% Ancient Scandinavian (22% Danish), 13% Southern European
Scotland/N. Ireland - 67% Ancient British, 22% Ancient Scandinavian (16% Danish), 9% Southern European
All modern Scandinavians have 5-10% Southern European

Ancient samples on the right:

UK (presumably Celtic Briton) - 94% Ancient British, 2% Ancient Scandinavian, 3% Southern European
UKB (presumably Medieval English) - 51% Ancient Scandinavian (41% Danish), 32% Ancient British, 15% Southern European

The suggestion that France IA ancestry is present alongside Anglo-Saxons and Celtic Britons in the Early Medieval period might also explain why some of the Viking samples from England were Southern shifted/French-like.



Distance to: VK2020_England_Oxford_VA:VK177
0.03391104 Afrikaner
0.03488216 Dutch
0.03633283 French_Pas-de-Calais
0.03689908 BelgianB
0.03726797 French_Brittany

Distance to: VK2020_England_Oxford_VA:VK150
0.01931696 BelgianA
0.02053499 French_Nord
0.02217068 French_Alsace
0.02293013 BelgianC
0.02319291 Afrikaner

Distance to: VK2020_England_Oxford_VA:VK146
0.02298720 Swiss_French
0.02448343 French_Auvergne
0.02544676 French_Provence
0.02572225 French_Occitanie
0.02646668 Spanish_Penedes

Distance to: VK2020_England_Dorset_VA:VK260
0.03043597 Afrikaner
0.03124193 Dutch
0.03270752 French_Brittany
0.03391314 Welsh
0.03413193 Irish

[Grace O'Malley]

Interesting discussion about the Franks and the French_IA component bringing that to South England and that these Franks might have been more French like autosomally. There has always been some puzzle to Southeast England because people they cannot be modelled as just Insular Celtic and Anglo-Saxon. Any thoughts?

[Russki]

Any thoughts?


The English are continental Europeans.

This is what I'm pondering right now.


https://sun9-88.userapi.com/impf/hlFQKrnbWMLegwbjDJbCLixuJBMfmWxfVA9jPA/t9FI19rPRTk.jpg?size=940x809&quality=95&sign=a99825c33d751023e214d16929ef3af4&type=album

[J. Ketch]

Interesting discussion about the Franks and the French_IA component bringing that to South England and that these Franks might have been more French like autosomally. There has always been some puzzle to Southeast England because people they cannot be modelled as just Insular Celtic and Anglo-Saxon. Any thoughts?
The possibility of a large 'Frankish' (but French-like) element in Early Medieval England is fascinating, and not something I think anyone saw coming. I believe that much/most of this French IA blood in England was there before the Normans, whether it be from Belgae, Roman Gauls, Franks or all. Nearly all of the British Isles is on a near straight cline, from NW Ireland down towards the meeting point of ancient Celts and Germanics in the Low Countries; not towards Scandinavia. With such uniformity that mixture is likely to be older rather than newer IMO.

A slide showing the French IA (green) element present in early Medieval England. Much larger South of the Thames then than North, which is weird because East Anglia now has the highest French IA (despite not being thought a hot spot of Norman migration). Some are suggesting the Flemish migration to East Anglia in the late Middle Ages may have had a disproportionate effect and be the reason, but I don't know.
https://i.postimg.cc/GmQ62p48/Screenshot-20220625-153323-copy-753x568.png

Even though we've been waiting for this paper for nearly 2 years, these presentations have really whetted the appetite, and I can't wait for it to come out now.

[J. Ketch]

The English are continental Europeans.

This is what I'm pondering right now.


https://sun9-88.userapi.com/impf/hlFQKrnbWMLegwbjDJbCLixuJBMfmWxfVA9jPA/t9FI19rPRTk.jpg?size=940x809&quality=95&sign=a99825c33d751023e214d16929ef3af4&type=album
I demonstrated that with K36. Even the West Midlands kits score closer on average to Dutchmen across the North Sea than to Welshmen across Offa's Dyke.

Distance to: English_West-Midlands(n=44)
3.83334058 Dutch(n=135)
4.14254753 Welsh(n=42)

But I still don't believe the Celtic Briton component is as low in England as that chart is suggesting.

[Grace O'Malley]

The possibility of a large 'Frankish' (but French-like) element in Early Medieval England is fascinating, and not something I think anyone saw coming. I believe that much/most of this French IA blood in England was there before the Normans, whether it be from Belgae, Roman Gauls, Franks or all. Nearly all of the British Isles is on a near straight cline, from NW Ireland down towards the meeting point of ancient Celts and Germanics in the Low Countries; not towards Scandinavia. With such uniformity that mixture is likely to be older rather than newer IMO.

A slide showing the French IA (green) element present in early Medieval England. Much larger South of the Thames then than North, which is weird because East Anglia now has the highest French IA (despite not being thought a hot spot of Norman migration). Some are suggesting the Flemish migration to East Anglia in the late Middle Ages may have had a disproportionate effect and be the reason, but I don't know.
https://i.postimg.cc/GmQ62p48/Screenshot-20220625-153323-copy-753x568.png

Even though we've been waiting for this paper for nearly 2 years, these presentations have really whetted the appetite, and I can't wait for it to come out now.

The same. It is incredibly fascinating.

[Grace O'Malley]

Here's the Pre-print of one of the papers discussed at the Conference. Apologies if it has been posted previously.

https://osf.io/jzfv6/


Biomolecular evidence has great potential to address unanswered questions about the
nature and scale of migration into early medieval England. Previous isotopic studies of early
medieval mobility and migration have mostly been site specific, focussing on the
identification of outliers, occasionally comparing to a baseline or other sites for context.
Here we present the results of a large-scale synthetic analysis of isotopic data for mobility in
early medieval England, utilising both published and new data. We show gendered and
regionally specific mobility histories in early medieval England for the first time at scale, and
demonstrate chronological fluctuations linked to events such as the Adventus Saxonum and
Scandinavian settlements of the 9th century AD onwards. First generation migrants and
their possible regions of origin are identified, and narratives of migration from the end of the
Roman period to the 11th century AD are re-framed considering the new evidence
presented.

[Lucas]

The possibility of a large 'Frankish' (but French-like) element in Early Medieval England is fascinating, and not something I think anyone saw coming. I believe that much/most of this French IA blood in England was there before the Normans, whether it be from Belgae, Roman Gauls, Franks or all. Nearly all of the British Isles is on a near straight cline, from NW Ireland down towards the meeting point of ancient Celts and Germanics in the Low Countries; not towards Scandinavia. With such uniformity that mixture is likely to be older rather than newer IMO.

A slide showing the French IA (green) element present in early Medieval England. Much larger South of the Thames then than North, which is weird because East Anglia now has the highest French IA (despite not being thought a hot spot of Norman migration). Some are suggesting the Flemish migration to East Anglia in the late Middle Ages may have had a disproportionate effect and be the reason, but I don't know.
https://i.postimg.cc/GmQ62p48/Screenshot-20220625-153323-copy-753x568.png

Even though we've been waiting for this paper for nearly 2 years, these presentations have really whetted the appetite, and I can't wait for it to come out now.

What about post Roman population in Britain, it is evident from continental Europe it wasn't nowhere completely destroyed after Migration period so also in Britain must persisted to some extent.
It shifted SE England to continent simply. But of course French_IA is also the thing, but not from Franks (or very tiny share) IMO but from Belgae-like migrations in late Celtic period.

[J. Ketch]

What about post Roman population in Britain, it is evident from continental Europe it wasn't nowhere completely destroyed after Migration period so also in Britain must persisted to some extent.
It shifted SE England to continent simply. But of course French_IA is also the thing, but not from Franks (or very tiny share) IMO but from Belgae-like migrations in late Celtic period.
Well Belgae as the main source of France IA in Southern England would fit best with the historical record and common sense, but we'll have to wait and see.

[Sceptillionaire]

The Anglo-Saxon colonisation of the British Isles is unique in that there were multiple factors going against the Britons at the time.

The Roman empire had undergone a slow and painful collapse over the last century, in which urban settlements collapsed. London was almost entirely depopulated for centuries, Winchester and Colchester were the principal settlements of southern England in this time, London only being settled again later on in the Dark Ages. This probably meant that Britons had dispersed from highly populated areas and were now a sparse, rural, unorganised people, fairly easy to conquer, and is probably the principal reason behind why the Anglo-Saxons were able to steamroll through Britain in the first place. The collapse of any big empire and a social order at large in those times would've also brought about disease and famine, causing more Britons to die out.

When the Anglo-Saxons did arrive, they at first conquered small areas along the coast, allowing them to build up dense camps and proto-settlements of their people. While there were significantly more Britons in the British Isles at the time than Germanic peoples who migrated over, they were probably able to build thin but densely populated areas along the coast, watching the inland Britons struggling, conquering one village at a time. This means that regardless of how many Britons were eventually assimilated, the Anglo-Saxons were able to undermine the eventual British admixture.

When the Anglo-Saxons did start moving further inland, it's known that they had a tendency to enslave captured populations. They also fought many battles with the Britons, and won. Many British men would've been slaughtered in these battles, and the civilians would've been largely enslaved. Maybe two or three in the village would pledge their allegiance to their Germanic overlords and stay free, perhaps even becoming respected members of the Anglo-Saxon community. However, most would not and slavery for obvious reasons has a high incidence of disease, malnutrition and untimely death. Lots of enslaved Britons would die childless, and the few that did reproduce would've likely been slave women who were used by Anglo-Saxon males, or women who were freed by an Anglo-Saxon man. Over time this would've led to a bleeding of Celtic ancestry from the pool and overrepresentation of Anglo-Saxon ancestry.

As a lot of these Britons died in slavery, or were otherwise slain in battle, there would've been a noticeable loss in common workers. It is known that Frisians also participated in the Anglo-Saxon migration, however they didn't do any conquering and came slightly later, probably in the 6th century onwards. This fourth group is known to have settled a large area of central England, as well as parts of East Anglia and Kent. My hypothesis is these people were invited to come over by the original three Anglo-Saxon groups to replace Britonnic labour that had died out. The Frisians of this period were not particularly related to the old Frisii, and were mostly formed from Angles and Saxons meeting in the early age of migration, so they likely had good connections to the insular Germanic peoples.
Franks are also said to be a group that participated, and assuming they were largely invited over to replace common Brittonic labour that died out due to Anglo-Saxon activity, they would've likely been of partial Gaulish stock and may be a partial explanation of the modern clustering with French populations.

Wessex was a unique kingdom in the Anglo-Saxon world. It's first kings all had Celtic names, so it seems likely that it was originally a British kingdom that became assimilated into the Anglo-Saxon world at some point. Eastern Hampshire, the founding place of Wessex, had a large influx of Jutish settlers in the early Anglo-Saxon period, so these people may have influenced the British nobility, or the nobility of the incoming Jutish group intermixed with the existing British nobility, because it was better than mixing with filthy peasants. The West Saxons made all the major advancements in the Anglo-Saxon world, so they come off as the very shrewd type to me. My hypothesis is that the original founders of Wessex saw what was going on in the East, and instead of being defeated and conquered by the Germanic peoples, decided to integrate into the Germanic world, calling themselves West Saxons after the East Saxons and South Saxons to the east of them, learning Old English, or proto-English if it hadn't fully differentiated from Anglo-Frisian at this stage, and inviting Anglo-Saxon settlers to come over to their kingdom. Thanks to this, they developed a large, healthy population of Anglo-Saxons and assimilated Britons, and achieved much success, becoming a major hegemon in the Anglo-Saxon world. The original West Saxons making this move to willingly integrate may have influenced surrounding petty kingdoms to do the same, or the landlords of their populations, wanting to avoid bloody war, willingly accepted their new Saxon overlords. Aside from geography and distance, this may be a reason why the west of what is now England didn't go through the same degree of population turnover. If this hypothesis is true, then considering that it was the West Saxon royal house that unified the Anglo-Saxon world, that would mean the modern English country and its royal family can find its origins in a Celtic petty kingdom.

Aside from that, the Romans employed various Germanic peoples as mercenaries and foederati for centuries, so it is probable that there has been some level of Germanic presence in Britain since Roman times, and perhaps even earlier, if you acknowledge the Belgae as having at least partial Germanic background.

Further French admixture would've happened during Norman times, and to a greater extent, the early modern period, with the large influx of Hugenots, most of whom were from central France. England and France are also geographically close, so you would expect that a sustained population exchange between the two would have been going on since ancient times.

The truth is, all these populations are very similar. Insular Celts, Gaels, Gauls, West Germanics and Scandinavians all descend from Bell Beaker populations. You would expect them all to be closely related and cluster together, and they do. While the Romans aren't necessarily to be trusted as a great source, they noted that they found it hard to tell the difference between Germanic and Gaulish tribes because they looked so similar, and there was large overlap in the Low Countries as to where Gaulish ended and Germanic began. The biggest genetic divide in Europe is North-South. The Insular Celts and Gauls may have been a part of the same culture as Celtiberians, but they were genetically distinct populations. "Gauls" in southern France were Gallicised Celtiberians. The original Gauls of northern-central France are Bell Beaker descendants who shared a common ancestor with Insular Celts and Germanic populations. Insular Celts' closest relatives are probably West Germanic peoples and not other Celts considering Bell Beakers came to Britain from the Low Countries. The Celtic culture was not genetic and spread through social influence, as shown by its huge spread throughout genetically different and unrelated populations.

[J. Ketch]

Well Belgae as the main source of France IA in Southern England would fit best with the historical record and common sense, but we'll have to wait and see.
One of the researchers says categorically in this podcast that the France IA ancestry was not present in the Roman or Iron Age periods, but was a significant feature of the early medieval period. Very surprising and quite amazing if true, core English history would be re-written (but actually based on truth for once).

https://media.immediate.co.uk/volatile/sites/7/2022/06/HistoryExtraRomanBritainE8-44d1bc2.mp3?_=1

I guess these people spoke Frankish rather than Gallo-Romance? Might have been hard to integrate so much with Anglo-Saxons if they weren't culturally Germanic.

[Token]

One of the researchers says categorically in this podcast that the France IA ancestry was not present in the Roman or Iron Age periods, but was a significant feature of the early medieval period. Very surprising and quite amazing if true, core English history would be re-written (but actually based on truth for once).

https://media.immediate.co.uk/volatile/sites/7/2022/06/HistoryExtraRomanBritainE8-44d1bc2.mp3?_=1

I guess these people spoke Frankish rather than Gallo-Romance? Might have been hard to integrate so much with Anglo-Saxons if they weren't culturally Germanic.
Do they say if the French stuff was mainly found in conjunction with WBI or CNE ancestry?

[J. Ketch]

Do they say if the French stuff was mainly found in conjunction with WBI or CNE ancestry?
Don't recall him mentioning it but I don't think the study has any sites without CNE ancestry, going by the slide posted on the last page the Southern English sites all look like 3-way mixes.

[Lucas]

One of the researchers says categorically in this podcast that the France IA ancestry was not present in the Roman or Iron Age periods, but was a significant feature of the early medieval period. Very surprising and quite amazing if true, core English history would be re-written (but actually based on truth for once).

https://media.immediate.co.uk/volatile/sites/7/2022/06/HistoryExtraRomanBritainE8-44d1bc2.mp3?_=1

I guess these people spoke Frankish rather than Gallo-Romance? Might have been hard to integrate so much with Anglo-Saxons if they weren't culturally Germanic.



I doubt christianized Franks emigrated to pagan Anglosaxons kingdoms, their supposed Germanic common heritage was minor thing compared to this difference, sorry bro... Not in early medieval times, no way.



Christianization of the Franks was the process of converting the pagan Franks to Catholicism during the late 5th century and early 6th century.


The Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England was a process spanning the 7th century.

[rothaer]

One of the researchers says categorically in this podcast that the France IA ancestry was not present in the Roman or Iron Age periods, but was a significant feature of the early medieval period. Very surprising and quite amazing if true, core English history would be re-written (but actually based on truth for once).
(...)


I doubt christianized Franks emigrated to pagan Anglosaxons kingdoms, their supposed Germanic common heritage was minor thing compared to this difference, sorry bro... Not in early medieval times, no way.

I think I can explain.

The place name research by Udolph (1994) strongly suggests that the Germanic migration to Britain was notably simpler than what is commonly taught. Saxons had migrated to England but mainly from the adjacent side of the English Channel. At that time (at abt. 450 AD) they had already lived there for centuries all the way from the Rhine mouth to Aremorica (the mainland part of the so called Litus saxonicus). Also, Flandres is shown as a main source of Germanic migration to England. It's a confusion to suppose Lower Saxony to be the direct source of Saxons migrating to England, though there likely was some migration as well.

Germanic Angles were distributed here and there in Germania, just f. i. they made up an important part of the new emerged Thuringian tribe. It's just Bede's good guess that they came from that small reggion called Anglia in Schleswig-Holstein. He had simply no clue and all people today just follow his (expressly) guess whithout own considerations. His guess might be true, but the Angles in question could as well have been in the Rhine mouth proximity.

Finally the Jutes. This is for sure a misstake to assume any notable migration from Jutland to England. There is absolutely no place name indication for that and also, the Germanic settlers in the areas that were settled by "Jutes", Kent and the Isle of Wight, do show the Germanic settlers with the biggest (!) influence by Romans in their material culture. Out of the three mentioned tribes Juteland-Jutes would, in contrast, be these Germanics with the least contact to Romans. But there was a small Germanic tribe called Eotas that had lived at the Rhine mouth. Maybe these Eotas once, centuries ago, had some connection to Jutland-Jutes, but this would be pure speculation based on the name. Also, it's close to absurd to think that the big Jutland peninsula should have got "emptied" by Jutes migrating to the "micro" territories of Kent and the Isle of Whight. So we can actually better ignore all these big arrows on history maps that fantasizes about the migrations of Jutes from Jutland, Angles from that small Anglia region and Saxons from Lower Saxony to the British Isles.

The mentioned by me Germanics simply crossed the English channel and the connection was the strongest where there was the shortest distance. Still in the 9th century the Pas de Calais was Flemish settled (the inhabitants later became Frenchicised) so you had something like a pretty direct Germanic language contact. Between Kalen (Calais) and Dover you have just 32 kilometers of water. Of course these Germanics that had lived in Northern France for centuries as Germanics had picked up some "France_IA" DNA.

Now, this huge migration coincides with the Frankish advance to the sea. So obviously all that today tribal Lower Franks in Netherlands and Flandres were no Franks or not yet there at that time. So these areas will have been inhabited by Saxons, Eotas and maybe even Angles. Remaining folks were tribally Frankicised and Franks did immigrate to there. Maybe the Saxons were fleeing the Franks, maybe Franks were pulled to advance in that direction after many Saxons had left and maybe it was all together a combination of various push and pull factors, on the mainland and on the British Isles.

[Voskos]

In the models posted by Creoda the main difference between the English and their neighbours is the higher Neolithic percentage. If that makes you Germanic then so be it (not that I question their Germanic origin, but the Roman and whatever other Atlantic-med type admixture is ignored on purpose for obvious reasons).

[rothaer]

(...)

(...)

Just as an example here is a distribution map for the place name stem "wik". Hundreds of place name stems have been examined and mapped by Udolph. This one obviously concerns England.

https://i.imgur.com/rnUrJK8.jpg

[billErobreren]

Finally the Jutes. This is for sure a misstake to assume any notable migration from Jutland to England. There is absolutely no place name indication for that and also, the Germanic settlers in the areas that were settled by "Jutes", Kent and the Isle of Wight, do show the Germanics with the biggest (!) influence by Romans in their material culture. Out of the three mentioned tribes Juteland-Jutes would, in contrast, be these Germanics with the least contact to Romans. But there was a small Germanic tribe called Eotas that had lived at the Rhine mouth. Maybe these Eotas once, centuries ago, had some connection to Jutland-Jutes, but this would be pure speculation based on the name. Also, it's close to absurd to think that the big Jutland peninsula should have got "emptied" by Jutes migrating to the "micro" territories of Kent and the Isle of Whight. So we can actually better ignore all these big arrows on history maps that fantasizes about the migrations of Jutes from Jutland, Angles from that small Anglia region and Saxons from Lower Saxony to the British Isles.

I always gave greater value to this theory, Southern England seems to lean too near to Flanders for one to think that whole place was Jute for a great chunk of its history, those Kentish Jutes had a artistry and material culture, that I found much too foreign and elaborate for them to have picked up from a somewhat romanised populace that took them too little time to overwhelm and replace. I don't disregard that they spawned from Jutes in the same way continental Goths could've spawned from Gears or Gutes, to a nearer extent, but it's more plausible to me that they were in the continent mingling about with others before heading west. As far as Angeln is concerned that's a tiny chunk in today's Slesvig-Holsten that I can't realistically see as the spawn of what would make at least 4 kingdoms out of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy, it's quite the feat if true.

[J. Ketch]

I doubt christianized Franks emigrated to pagan Anglosaxons kingdoms, their supposed Germanic common heritage was minor thing compared to this difference, sorry bro... Not in early medieval times, no way.
1 - The Christianisation of the Franks began in the late 5th century, while the Anglo-Saxon invasions of Britain began c.450 (from which the bulk of early English would be descended), so there is ample time for pagan Franks to travel with and to pagan Saxons
2 - This France IA admixture may have come later into the Christianised kingdoms, it hasn't been specified yet
3 - Either way the admixture is there and it's France IA, not Germanic Frankish as such. The Roman Gauls were more Christianised and earlier than the Franks, so does them moving to pagan England make any more sense?
4 - There is supposedly a wealth of Frankish archaeological finds and artefacts across early medieval England, so they are obviously connected, but that will be elaborated on soon by John Hines (relevant slide posted last page)


In the models posted by Creoda the main difference between the English and their neighbours is the higher Neolithic percentage. If that makes you Germanic then so be it (not that I question their Germanic origin, but the Roman and whatever other Atlantic-med type admixture is ignored on purpose for obvious reasons).
Which models? By neighbours I assume you mean only Welsh, Scottish and Irish, because North French, Belgians and South Dutch have more Neolithic Farmer than England. The emerging academic models are showing a large difference in Germanic admixture between English and Insular Celts, but also much higher Gaulish Celtic admixture. That's not being ignored, it's key to the reason why England plots where it does, between Wales/Scotland and the Southern Netherlands, and not Denmark. On the contrary it is usually people trying to minimise the nation's Germanic ancestry and heritage; declaring the Anglo-Saxon migration/admixture to be smaller than it was has been fashionable for a long time (I never believed that), as well as the incorrect idea that the English are mostly Celtic Briton.

[Grace O'Malley]

What is absolutely fascinating about this IA_France is when it spread? Could it be Norman related? The Normans weren't just from Normandy but Flemish and Bretons also. Is this mixture something more Southern?

Just getting impatient for the paper to be published. :)

[J. Ketch]

I think I can explain.

The place name research by Udolph (1994) strongly suggests that the Germanic migration to Britain was notably simpler than what is commonly taught. Saxons had migrated to England but mainly from the adjacent side of the English Channel. At that time (at abt. 450 AD) they had already lived there for centuries all the way from the Rhine mouth to Aremorica (the mainland part of the so called Litus saxonicus). Also, Flandres is shown as a main source of Germanic migration to England. It's a confusion to suppose Lower Saxony to be the direct source of Saxons migrating to England, though there likely was some migration as well.

Germanic Angles were distributed here and there in Germania, just f. i. they made up an important part of the new emerged Thuringian tribe. It's just Bede's good guess that they came from that small reggion called Anglia in Schleswig-Holstein. He had simply no clue and all people today just follow his (expressly) guess whithout own considerations. His guess might be true, but the Angles in question could as well have been in the Rhine mouth proximity.

Finally the Jutes. This is for sure a misstake to assume any notable migration from Jutland to England. There is absolutely no place name indication for that and also, the Germanic settlers in the areas that were settled by "Jutes", Kent and the Isle of Wight, do show the Germanic settlers with the biggest (!) influence by Romans in their material culture. Out of the three mentioned tribes Juteland-Jutes would, in contrast, be these Germanics with the least contact to Romans. But there was a small Germanic tribe called Eotas that had lived at the Rhine mouth. Maybe these Eotas once, centuries ago, had some connection to Jutland-Jutes, but this would be pure speculation based on the name. Also, it's close to absurd to think that the big Jutland peninsula should have got "emptied" by Jutes migrating to the "micro" territories of Kent and the Isle of Whight. So we can actually better ignore all these big arrows on history maps that fantasizes about the migrations of Jutes from Jutland, Angles from that small Anglia region and Saxons from Lower Saxony to the British Isles.

The mentioned by me Germanics simply crossed the English channel and the connection was the strongest where there was the shortest distance. Still in the 9th century the Pas de Calais was Flemish settled (the inhabitants later became Frenchicised) so you had something like a pretty direct Germanic language contact. Between Kalen (Calais) and Dover you have just 32 kilometers of water. Of course these Germanics that had lived in Northern France for centuries as Germanics had picked up some "France_IA" DNA.

Now, this huge migration coincides with the Frankish advance to the sea. So obviously all that today tribal Lower Franks in Netherlands and Flandres were no Franks or not yet there at that time. So these areas will have been inhabited by Saxons, Eotas and maybe even Angles. Remaining folks were tribally Frankicised and Franks did immigrate to there. Maybe the Saxons were fleeing the Franks, maybe Franks were pulled to advance in that direction after many Saxons had left and maybe it was all together a combination of various push and pull factors, on the mainland and on the British Isles.


Just as an example here is a distribution map for the place name stem "wik". Hundreds of place name stems have been examined and mapped by Udolph. This one obviously concerns England.

https://i.imgur.com/rnUrJK8.jpg
It's a compelling theory for the bulk of the Anglo-Saxon migration for sure, one I'm inclined to believe given England's particular affinity to the Low Countries, and would make more sense of this Gaulish component somehow making its way to England at that time in large numbers. However the coming paper will supposedly confirm the traditional origin story if I understand correctly, but how they're able to distinguish direct from indirect ancestry I don't know, so again we'll have to wait and see.

https://i.postimg.cc/R0tT9zW0/Screenshot-20220625-124750-copy-1517x767.png

[billErobreren]

What is absolutely fascinating about this IA_France is when it spread? Could it be Norman related? The Normans weren't just from Normandy but Flemish and Bretons also. Is this mixture something more Southern?

Just getting impatient for the paper to be published. :)

Don't remember much, but Bretons are still rather near Welsh and Cornish genetically still, aren't they? We'll drop them from the suspect list if so.

To me, it's plausible, but not all the way satisfactory, it might even predate their settlement. They conquered what was arguably the most prosperous and centralised kingdom in Western Europe and though I can see that they brought in peasantry and staff, they had no hangups about just being their elites and couldn't have had that dramatic an effect on what was established in Southeast England in dates prior. They couldn't have it was well populated even after. I'm more in agreement with Creoda, the Romans even struggled to define the Belgae as full blown Gaulish or German or a harmonious blend of the 2, add the flood of Franks to follow and their inevitable interaction with Saxons as continental neighbors or with their offshoots across the strait of Dover, some pre-1066 intermingling had to have been inevitable. Think I also remember reading at some point that some Romans interacted with Gauls settled in today's Kent, it made it clear those weren't Britons. It's fun to ponder about, not going to lie.

[Purple Panther]

It seems like common sense that there was a lot of back and forth between people in the far western reaches of Europe and people in the far eastern reaches of England in much the same way that there was between eastern Ulster and western Scotland. This pattern likely was established long before Caesar was a gleam in his dad's eye. There were far fewer people back then, so the population impact wasn't as great as it was during the population changes after Rome withdrew from Great Britain. It's difficult to imagine that all groups stayed in their respective 'hoods for centuries.

[J.S.]

Don't remember much, but Bretons are still rather near Welsh and Cornish genetically still, aren't they? We'll drop them from the suspect list if so.

Genetic population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin provides new insights on the demographic history of Western Europe
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478491v1


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZyxocTwfiA

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Thanks to Tomenable for sharing this.

Eurogenes K36


Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9),0.85,0,0.07,1.07,0.3 2,7.83,0.49,0,2.07,0.01,5.84,0,2.73,16.74,6.46,7.1 3,0.07,2.46,0.06,0.11,0.1,15.7,0.92,24.27,0.08,0.3 6,0.18,0.02,0,0.71,1.04,0.32,1.35,0.17,0.24,0.22

Distance to: Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9)
5.16040696 Norwegian
5.64424486 Swedish
5.83656577 SWE_Scania(n=4)
6.12784628 SWE_Blekinge(n=1)
6.14096084 German_Lower_Saxony_North
6.17315964 Icelandic
6.33480071 NOR_Vestfold(n=1)
6.43373919 Dutch_North
6.50136909 NED_Friesland(n=12)
6.50935481 Danish
7.01483428 Pallantides(Nor)
7.32035518 NED_North-Holland(n=5)
7.56989432 Erik-Jon(ISL)
7.65035947 German_Frisian
7.67246375 German_Schleswig-Holstein
7.90708543 NOR_Møre-og-Romsdal(n=1)
8.27561478 SWE_Kalmar(n=2)
8.34419559 NOR_Hordaland(n=1)
8.72551431 Swedish
8.83229302 German_Westphalia
8.96441298 Folcwalding(NL)
9.03474405 Faroese
9.06740316 NOR_Ostfold(n=1)
9.15063386 Wulf_Talented(Eng)
9.30488044 SWE_Halland(n=1)
9.44748115 German_Northwest
9.60411370 Dutch_Central
9.62084196 Alessio_mother(NL)
9.86364030 Dutch

Simulated Global25


Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9),0.12173481306600024,0.11 9950954945,0.06432364838819997,0.05798710259500028 4,0.036559387619600016,0.020461080576300004,0.0029 15921834000078,0.0045531788209999795,0.00394644869 399991,-0.005966049652000195,-0.0049563032577079995,0.00370827706899998,-0.008196496994999997,-0.011651359720999621,0.021477940889000086,0.006969 928439999922,-0.008423050380999943,0.0015183179070003454,0.00118 43538469999946,0.0030977631525999937,0.00584050765 2000011,0.0038524799900000488,0.000255460937999976 73,0.014088318122999996,0.00012400465399981225

Distance to: Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9)
0.01307145 VK2020_ISL_Hofstadir_VA
0.01539575 VK2020_England_Dorset_VA
0.01574091 VK2020_DNK_Sealand_EVA
0.01604577 NLD_MBA
0.01615185 VK2020_NOR_South_VA
0.01635646 England_MBA
0.01658696 Norwegian
0.01724760 VK2020_England_Oxford_VA
0.01774786 VK2020_NOR_North_VA
0.01821442 England_CA_EBA
0.01884255 England_C_EBA
0.01885356 VK2020_SWE_Skara_VA
0.01920913 VK2020_GreenlandE_VA

[Token]

Thanks to Tomenable for sharing this.

Eurogenes K36


Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9),0.85,0,0.07,1.07,0.3 2,7.83,0.49,0,2.07,0.01,5.84,0,2.73,16.74,6.46,7.1 3,0.07,2.46,0.06,0.11,0.1,15.7,0.92,24.27,0.08,0.3 6,0.18,0.02,0,0.71,1.04,0.32,1.35,0.17,0.24,0.22

Distance to: Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9)
5.16040696 Norwegian
5.64424486 Swedish
5.83656577 SWE_Scania(n=4)
6.12784628 SWE_Blekinge(n=1)
6.14096084 German_Lower_Saxony_North
6.17315964 Icelandic
6.33480071 NOR_Vestfold(n=1)
6.43373919 Dutch_North
6.50136909 NED_Friesland(n=12)
6.50935481 Danish
7.01483428 Pallantides(Nor)
7.32035518 NED_North-Holland(n=5)
7.56989432 Erik-Jon(ISL)
7.65035947 German_Frisian
7.67246375 German_Schleswig-Holstein
7.90708543 NOR_Møre-og-Romsdal(n=1)
8.27561478 SWE_Kalmar(n=2)
8.34419559 NOR_Hordaland(n=1)
8.72551431 Swedish
8.83229302 German_Westphalia
8.96441298 Folcwalding(NL)
9.03474405 Faroese
9.06740316 NOR_Ostfold(n=1)
9.15063386 Wulf_Talented(Eng)
9.30488044 SWE_Halland(n=1)
9.44748115 German_Northwest
9.60411370 Dutch_Central
9.62084196 Alessio_mother(NL)
9.86364030 Dutch

Simulated Global25


Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9),0.12173481306600024,0.11 9950954945,0.06432364838819997,0.05798710259500028 4,0.036559387619600016,0.020461080576300004,0.0029 15921834000078,0.0045531788209999795,0.00394644869 399991,-0.005966049652000195,-0.0049563032577079995,0.00370827706899998,-0.008196496994999997,-0.011651359720999621,0.021477940889000086,0.006969 928439999922,-0.008423050380999943,0.0015183179070003454,0.00118 43538469999946,0.0030977631525999937,0.00584050765 2000011,0.0038524799900000488,0.000255460937999976 73,0.014088318122999996,0.00012400465399981225

Distance to: Mecklenburg_AD_200-400_(N=9)
0.01307145 VK2020_ISL_Hofstadir_VA
0.01539575 VK2020_England_Dorset_VA
0.01574091 VK2020_DNK_Sealand_EVA
0.01604577 NLD_MBA
0.01615185 VK2020_NOR_South_VA
0.01635646 England_MBA
0.01658696 Norwegian
0.01724760 VK2020_England_Oxford_VA
0.01774786 VK2020_NOR_North_VA
0.01821442 England_CA_EBA
0.01884255 England_C_EBA
0.01885356 VK2020_SWE_Skara_VA
0.01920913 VK2020_GreenlandE_VA

WOW, from which paper does this come from? The Anglo-Saxon one?

[Ajeje Brazorf]

WOW, from which paper does this come from? The Anglo-Saxon one?

Yes, from this page onward they are sharing several Eurogenes K36 results for various samples from that paper.

https://anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?24973-Upcoming-paper-on-Anglo-Saxon-migration-period/page98

Mecklenburg samples are from this site:

https://i.imgur.com/E9CIZa8.png

[Ajeje Brazorf]

https://i.imgur.com/iDDvLM4.jpg

Eurogenes K36 results shared so far


Denmark_Zealand_Sct._Clements_Copenhagen:KPN005,0. 22,0,0,0,1.35,11.34,0,0,0,0,8.49,0,6.68,15.07,8.37 ,11.09,0,4.61,0,0,0,16.23,0,14.47,0,0.33,0,0,0,0.2 1,0,0,1.53,0,0,0
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Drantum:DRU015,0,0.5,0,1.42,0 .91,7.59,0,0,1.58,1.14,4.27,0,4.64,18.06,7.94,4.7, 0.21,7.25,0,0,0,10.28,4.77,19.79,0,1.28,0,0.12,0,0 ,1.46,0.37,0,0.26,0,1.45
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN001,0.12,0.68,0.71,1.25,0,4.95,0,0,2.4 1,0,2.04,0.67,5.1,7.42,9.8,15.68,0,10.02,0,1.15,0, 10.25,7.52,15.2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.31,0,1.03,0,2.04,1.6 7
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN002,0.41,0,0,0.79,0,10.52,0,0,0.77,0,4 .51,0,3.78,12.48,2.56,15.17,0,1,0,0,0.36,16.51,3.3 5,23.9,0,0,0,0,0,0,3.49,0,0.38,0,0,0
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN003,0.06,0,0,0,0,8.89,0,0,6.35,0,1.54, 0,4.55,15.76,4.37,10.84,0,8.67,0,0,0,13.49,0.37,23 .91,0,0,0.6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.62,0,0
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN004,0,0,0,0.39,0,12.73,0,0,2.69,0,10.7 8,0,4.1,12.73,5.62,4.27,0,4.18,0,0,1.22,18.01,3.9, 19.09,0,0,0,0,0,0.08,0.21,0,0,0,0,0
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN005,0,0.14,0,2.17,0,6.29,0,0,1.44,0,4. 36,0,1.33,14.43,10.1,12.18,0,8.55,0,0,0.91,13.47,3 .01,18.94,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2.67
Germany_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_Haeven:HVN001,1.94,0,0,0.7,0,4.37,2.95, 0,0,0,12.49,0,0,14.49,4.7,4.97,0,13.83,0,0,0,17.2, 0,20.09,0,0.56,0,0,0,0,0.55,0,0.67,0.48,0,0
Germany_North_Rhine-Westphalia_Alt-Inden:IND009,0.05,8.12,5.59,2.4,0,0,0,0,0.52,0,0,1 4.71,0,0,4.75,9.41,0,24.86,1.22,7.88,2.16,0,1.02,0 ,0.14,0.35,0,0.03,0,0,0,0,0,0,9.33,7.47
Germany_North_Rhine-Westphalia_Alt-Inden:IND010,1.61,2.93,2.21,0.71,0,1.95,0,0,0.7,0, 9.58,0,5.33,5.62,4.05,1.5,0,18.03,0,0.35,0,7.62,14 .57,11.53,0,0.32,0,0,1.17,0,2.77,0,4.6,1.39,0,1.47
Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_Schleswig_Rathausmarkt:SWG008,0.03,0,0.15 ,0.78,0,5.49,0,0,0,0,8.06,0,3.18,9.14,10.91,11.57, 0,0.35,0,0,0,19.39,5.28,24.68,0,0.03,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 .52,0.46,0,0
Ireland_Roscommon_Kilteasheen_The_Bishop's_Seat:KI L025,0.97,0,0,3.67,0.51,3.88,0,0,0,0,5.45,0,5.91,1 0.74,8.79,15.16,0,1.27,0,0,0,15.98,0,21.96,0,0,0,0 ,0,0,0.33,0,1.32,0,0,4.06
Netherlands_Friesland_Midlum:MDM003,0,0,0,0,0,7.74 ,0,0,0,0,9.68,0,0,8.93,7.35,15.35,0,2.29,0,0,0,16. 99,0,26.1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5.57,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO001,0,0,0,2.77,0,11.30,0, 0,2.32,0,1.90,0,6.79,9.93,13.93,7.29,0,2.94,0,0,0, 14.42,0,26.41,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO002,0,0,0,2.28,0,8.11,0,0 ,0,0,1.94,0,9.00,14.59,12.33,6.38,0,0,0,0,0,15.74, 0,28.99,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.64,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO004,0.20,0,0,3.73,0,16.55 ,0,0,4.55,0,1.46,0,0,13.50,0,14.70,0,4.60,0,0,0,11 .92,6.42,19.72,0,0.40,0,0,0,0,1.28,0,0.95,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO005,0.17,0,0,1.73,0,4.04, 0,0,0,0,7.82,0,2.49,17.92,9.10,10.79,0,7.47,0,0,0, 12.77,2.93,22.77,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO006,0,0,0,0,0,4.20,0.65,0 ,2.43,0,0.55,0,8.90,1.86,4.38,17.87,0,12.17,0,3.11 ,0,18.64,4.31,17.61,0,0.08,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3.24
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO007,0,0,0,4.52,0,3.04,0,0 ,5.48,0,2.66,0,6.62,11.35,5.94,5.71,0,6.09,0,0,0,2 0.68,0,25.08,0,0.08,0,0,0,0,2.75,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO008,0,0,0.06,1.10,0,11.53 ,0,0,0,0,8.50,0,8.05,13.57,8.21,5.99,0,5.95,0,0,0, 15.73,0,21.30,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO010,0,0,0,5.60,0,5.00,0,0 ,1.40,0,7.35,0,4.57,10.49,2.36,13.55,0,5.78,0,0,0, 16.13,0,22.86,0,0.04,0.62,0,0,0,1.38,0,2.43,0,0,0. 45
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO012,0,0,0,1.04,0,7.92,0,0 ,4.30,0,4.09,1.27,4.46,10.87,6.78,9.94,0,10.54,0,0 ,0,20.62,1.50,14.71,0,0.04,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.93,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO013,0,0,0,3.57,0,6.07,0,0 ,3.75,0,0.28,0,4.15,16.65,6.23,6.50,0,7.91,0,0,0,2 0.64,2.42,21.28,0,0,0.55,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO014,0,0,0,4.81,0,7.30,0,0 ,0,0,4.60,0,2.88,16.96,6.53,0,0,10.02,0,0,0.17,17. 77,3.51,23.98,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.46,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO015,0,0,0,0,0,6.17,0,0,0, 0,12.43,0,3.86,15.96,8.23,8.65,0,10.49,0,0,0,12.77 ,5.08,15.75,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.61
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO016,0,0,0,3.23,0,4.76,0,0 ,1.96,0,5.85,0,7.07,14.21,9.26,12.55,0,7.26,0,0,0, 16.91,0,15.11,0,0,0,0.98,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.86
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO017,0,0,0,1.28,0,11.18,0, 0,2.91,0,4.28,0,5.48,12.25,8.24,7.35,0,0.71,0,0,0, 17.27,2.60,23.99,0,0.39,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.02,0,2.05
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO019,0,0,0,3.85,0,4.48,0,0 ,0,0,3.57,0,5.87,17.13,9.68,7.59,0,0,0,0,0,18.62,0 ,26.67,0,0.23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2.31
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO020,0.05,0,0,4.21,0,12.11 ,0,0,0.49,0,0.48,0,10.83,9.65,5.18,4.44,0,14.24,0, 0,0,15.18,6.02,16.77,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.33,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO021,0,0,0,0,0,0.34,0,0,1. 28,0,4.78,0,6.22,25.48,9.27,0.21,0,0.22,0,0,0,19.2 4,0.91,29.02,0,0,0,0,0,0,3.04,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO021,0,0,0,0,0,0.34,0,0,1. 46,0,4.66,0,6.21,25.61,9.26,0.11,0,0.34,0,0,0,19.1 6,0.56,29.19,0,0,0,0,0,0,3.09,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO023,0,0,0,1.42,0,2.88,0,0 ,1.68,0,7.80,0,1.70,9.21,5.24,16.36,0,11.65,0,0,0, 9.40,3.97,24.19,0,0,0,0,0,1.21,3.28,0,0,0,0,0
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO024,0,0,0,3.49,0,7.74,0,0 ,1.58,0,2.41,0,4.95,6.91,7.17,12.93,0,11.19,0,0,0, 16.02,2.23,15.09,0,0,0,0.76,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.99,5.54
United_Kingdom_Cornwall_Bude_Widemouth_Bay:S16383, 0.31,0,0,0,0.35,11.32,0,0,6.28,0,7.04,0,3.03,17.11 ,3.51,10.65,0,8.45,0.38,0,0,14.07,0,17.23,0,0,0.27 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
United_Kingdom_Cornwall_Newquay_Crantock:S16389,0. 6,0,0,0.3,0,0,0,0,0,0,6.51,0,9.46,6.75,8.67,15.47, 0,2.98,0,0,0,23.88,5.36,17.83,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,2.18
United_Kingdom_Kent_Eastry_Updown:EAS006,0.38,0,0, 4.14,0,7.76,0,0.64,6.39,0,8.02,0,0,10.62,5.8,5.45, 0,11.51,0.69,0,0,12.71,3.3,21.67,0,0,0,0.63,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0.07,0.22
United_Kingdom_Yorkshire_Ribblesdale_Selside_Grike :S3056,0,0.04,3.01,5.9,0,9.18,0,0,0.32,0,2.61,6.29 ,0,10.2,8.41,15.69,0,24.84,2.92,0.42,0,3.89,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.19,0,5.09

Simulated Global25


Denmark_Zealand_Sct._Clements_Copenhagen:KPN005,0. 12126734230100009,0.126400310746,0.068154064512399 98,0.05673061660299984,0.03967934969200001,0.01941 477885198,0.004841459072000034,0.00867634147900004 2,0.006726588121000018,-0.006957285094000046,-0.00457276917922,0.0015010473879999674,-0.005575341534999989,-0.006271501663999878,0.014986400522000039,0.006137 275322000008,-0.005582998214000014,0.00034287060499990987,0.0015 085740290000126,0.002808230159000003,0.00478930714 3000129,0.0022120296140001276,0.000595596302999970 9,0.011024244068999982,0.0003690130449999912
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Drantum:DRU015,0.117125131775 99998,0.11251144338699999,0.05608865255919999,0.04 885193702199954,0.03541336137400001,0.011878996883 08,0.005877883738000023,0.007306278536000134,0.001 4843286339999966,-0.004765883362000258,-0.006027057867908001,0.0037584834319999644,-0.008257386306000017,-0.006697537040999419,0.01680554183899992,0.0071225 93042000101,-0.004858203490999965,0.0016554391979998646,0.00272 7096566999976,0.004726395787999993,0.0036339938510 003902,0.0029147303849999945,0.001271752406999989, 0.012229701519999981,0.0008064481799994888
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN001,0.12704971217800004,0.133915554087 ,0.046641851359800014,0.026765983198999893,0.02924 6860448399997,0.010309248169099991,0.0036967839989 999066,0.004035852236000068,0.00043457998200001693 ,0.0038866707529996887,-0.002653288927647999,0.005555947531999959,-0.012194619351000014,-0.014132430844999058,0.014705207066999872,0.002246 35187400013,-0.004136406957999935,0.0005904479669999307,0.00014 909206400000536,0.0032460015431999955,0.0035565058 080005325,0.004026315233999999,0.00015582989100002 605,0.009118560162000012,-0.0011413168490000403
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN002,0.12820009892500023,0.128329021831 ,0.059795126406799994,0.053061987312000014,0.03391 17268504,0.02147543287056001,0.0032453854449999396 ,0.0043440808199999015,0.00268365287099993,-0.003403274468999921,-0.0064123042420999995,0.004541485132999961,-0.010065535607999998,-0.011769308505000083,0.025976017332999986,0.009407 368372000085,-0.009066188850000064,0.0010798513990001217,0.00082 93166959999447,0.0037774587469999923,0.00657730414 20005614,0.001670961139999969,0.000714087542999971 6,0.01293651960699998,0.0006821236520000388
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN003,0.12442546752500008,0.132700772535 ,0.06355083242640003,0.04644717060699981,0.0385445 72108999996,0.017039489083239996,0.004786563446999 976,0.006281439778000044,0.00494511044800005,-0.000016382599999842894,-0.004462400734768,0.0044160609679999956,-0.009267013831000018,-0.010420216571999433,0.01741652652599999,0.0067511 588370001135,-0.005277106244000124,0.0020396966740000707,0.00418 4332388000002,0.003225090535999997,0.0029747089260 00099,0.00388572517400005,0.002350245193999968,0.0 15363155904999985,-0.0007227590640000725
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN004,0.13111733144600007,0.133727663404 00002,0.06435329387519999,0.05357680716499989,0.03 93091611438,0.022163363218560005,0.005691258676000 011,0.007494390438000158,0.0002897859189997698,-0.007853019753000325,-0.00720428398542,0.0019398057729999442,-0.005589946947000005,0.0016133396690005972,0.01796 514975500009,0.0063379338110000905,-0.005716760856000212,0.0012871606629999955,0.00263 96691080000263,0.004725475968,0.003438609265999792 5,-0.0010642881480002375,0.002865737652999995,0.01471 3081340000017,-0.00007166774000014718
Germany_Lower_Saxony_Hannover-Anderten:ADN005,0.12923894661099994,0.137377576818 ,0.06071238271780004,0.03919227727300007,0.0410264 59705000004,0.015029370902619998,0.003631320748999 958,0.005809442037000179,0.007658648047000106,0.00 7317829461000062,-0.0047351286865439995,0.005971864973999989,-0.013167418762999991,-0.01090836685200005,0.01994029806800007,0.00580483 960500006,-0.006572865332999962,0.0013242877209998574,0.00159 7964419000007,0.0034506611908000006,0.005327879599 999821,0.001584209897000019,0.000457280155999956,0 .011759264873000021,0.0006659498789998372
Germany_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_Haeven:HVN001,0.10967172907500004,0.124 498643377,0.0627730539546,0.05187911384199991,0.03 831339362359999,0.016416162177599995,-0.0016872500639999622,-0.000375177967999938,0.005592179462999963,-0.004923355287999881,-0.005403114185659999,0.0034603751570000114,-0.008441245437999997,-0.0018519704459999085,0.016287131791999983,0.00268 45542350000164,-0.009110256671000013,0.0010952553400000783,0.00379 23582670000133,0.00017864901400000685,0.0035998299 32999933,0.0010735929249999334,0.00093113379499999 27,0.012201788981000043,0.0005393443939995576
Germany_North_Rhine-Westphalia_Alt-Inden:IND009,0.10363502073000004,0.14205742519,-0.017762848254999988,-0.05652852036000018,0.014224822351999997,-0.021834529696000003,-0.0012236656149999872,-0.0032041496689999838,0.007899831834000129,0.02545 7043917000252,0.005245050062511998,0.0031973057339 99959,-0.005275135931999992,-0.0017417438739998348,-0.008613251722000073,-0.003673811377000076,0.0024121821140000582,0.00065 36291829999652,0.0013943595279999818,0.00061755340 55999996,0.0012496697269999135,0.00264275176600007 46,-0.001964818768999999,-0.004566381558000047,-0.001969338779999788
Germany_North_Rhine-Westphalia_Alt-Inden:IND010,0.11240404993500022,0.108411512630000 01,0.0389532564354,0.028115621314999794,0.01083638 6836000016,0.007959278031620002,0.0009019832429999 972,-0.00004432735900014931,-0.012194488877999777,-0.01244302215799981,0.0029091115067719996,0.000348 8331690000108,0.0014109630809999816,-0.010893997979999952,0.002022720554000046,-0.002900364757999799,-0.004053742994999953,-0.0007479622069999654,-0.002118695113999986,-0.0020352907259000045,-0.002862233591000081,0.007098542613999939,0.000294 58009599998836,0.007855569989999929,-0.004721629953999929
Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_Schleswig_Rathausmarkt:SWG008,0.128230856 30900005,0.13577134812199998,0.0643822047362,0.053 88132985699992,0.03893340346860002,0.0222057843119 39994,0.004011313696999997,0.006540590820000042,0. 00016372220400002156,-0.0034600088839999493,-0.006492916829072001,0.005205403540999961,-0.012468482052000015,-0.012262408265000049,0.028834180649000066,0.006574 885676000004,-0.011579094017999853,0.0014668017659999638,0.00039 13426949999516,0.005119250419999985,0.007314111898 9997625,0.0018181170620000138,-0.0001730269520000263,0.015119318426999987,0.00052 0813462999821
Ireland_Roscommon_Kilteasheen_The_Bishop's_Seat:KI L025,0.12689175063100003,0.13106914019399998,0.068 37867144880001,0.04927903372399969,0.0421074780456 0001,0.018024170981780004,0.0004616361519999522,0. 0037657167070001343,0.010188795364999871,0.0051055 9793499997,-0.0041891195376799984,0.005500149524000025,-0.011887202709000004,-0.016166172905999837,0.022217559757000127,0.005456 94328299999,-0.009634116405999912,0.0010874596929999966,-0.00040137869200001543,0.0017872694140000172,0.006 81613032200061,0.0033965496880000758,-0.0018558466130000166,0.008042290069999984,0.00080 46962809998073
Netherlands_Friesland_Midlum:MDM003,0.131576073674 0002,0.132922857899,0.0706281081482,0.056230305373 99987,0.0394553597246,0.02106627197514,0.006292402 042000048,0.008699859776000032,0.00527881501200012 9,-0.0029049735999999438,-0.0027911507812999987,0.003742622801999995,-0.00709225294200002,-0.023566101759999597,0.021839127391999898,0.004489 342904000063,-0.010733138876000033,0.00026510248200003333,-0.0045165203990000045,-0.0006263547360000083,0.005672439343999955,0.00749 5902227999965,-0.004376450095999972,0.01248172984399994,-0.002063629240000059
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO001,0.13312497123000003,0 .13571030878,0.067056533294,0.051814147629999696,0 .042290760559,0.020203081253019995,0.0043904905300 00041,0.006522507590000032,0.005490216440000029,0. 001050902300000045,-0.00690033092612,0.005798877529999968,-0.012522602000000032,-0.013226046099999555,0.02482535807000011,0.0109066 82780000093,-0.006238318480000005,0.0028251554700000625,0.00364 38832200000257,0.005383273252,0.007005544079999926 ,0.0029070102699999267,0.0004244499600000104,0.017 11409928000006,0.0005944881000000679
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO002,0.13284431964700014,0 .130969344005,0.0715444116146,0.06134260440699988, 0.04030252990300001,0.02346762738233999,0.00482028 2915000011,0.007776576179999871,0.0039633587780000 82,-0.004337348669999951,-0.00569824215724,0.005093660808000047,-0.011147577914999986,-0.015883200637999945,0.028525969243999978,0.010773 655295000075,-0.009615125204000076,0.0025054971819999166,0.00258 08004139999652,0.006075705053999992,0.008437062640 000126,0.003739994913999921,0.0007626559299999888, 0.01659570407699996,0.00132049881799998
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO004,0.12965187628700006,0 .129091294236,0.05503918619900001,0.04165340586700 007,0.034678475378,0.014052984424319999,0.00459987 4469000058,0.003877728831999966,0.0028343600299998 977,0.000904547490000145,-0.006634765233568001,0.005539591999999989,-0.010644673518999961,-0.010118111065999316,0.018819466591999862,0.008435 83403300006,-0.0028116862499999364,0.0013124574379998252,0.0010 288829349999868,0.004244227729999989,0.00430217024 80000035,0.0039220338439999725,0.00010614994800002 163,0.01395169789700003,-0.0017698156939999973
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO005,0.13130795800399986,0 .13332893857800002,0.0666726425596,0.0519732123040 00094,0.03996287662100001,0.01977612977111999,0.00 4325288992000076,0.006234280136000053,0.0037874549 519998912,-0.0011869883000001358,-0.004772893216592,0.004398207581999991,-0.010145043632000018,-0.008393599259999718,0.021848970532000134,0.005988 040644000103,-0.00886159114600013,0.0014519018720000054,0.002000 8690659999925,0.004841935673999997,0.0062959087239 99877,0.0019231765580000615,0.0012126987739999456, 0.01202804454399993,0.0012020937599999115
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO006,0.1234040018400002,0. 139312769208,0.04974581296340001,0.027261764596000 32,0.034666349673,0.010404660640040003,0.002239849 8040000145,0.0039076389520000775,0.006266742475999 787,0.008068420569000152,-0.0033698983908839997,0.0067268669749999625,-0.014167826513000038,-0.014816570890999567,0.017689848825999964,0.002087 5138950000073,-0.007808096994999923,0.0005666975120000202,0.00191 34583479999646,0.00016599669999999792,0.0027919581 790002007,0.003171086583000124,0.00114113142500001 36,0.01151991130499997,-0.0007452127979998141
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO007,0.1321577834110001,0. 132236975615,0.06178435091439999,0.052393949207999 89,0.03747933358399999,0.02055653631048,0.00476239 8847000026,0.006312508523999921,0.0026443142009999 58,-0.0007240767189998117,-0.004649503349879999,0.00526902617300002,-0.011269450650000012,-0.013004679538999336,0.023495814536999834,0.006140 610872000064,-0.01222403360400017,0.002858513674999865,0.0035555 45214000006,0.0009603588649999971,0.00407988617800 00015,0.00363778650399995,0.001293597823000002,0.0 15120578429000026,0.0001705671200001868
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO008,0.13324691428700006,0 .13342843407700003,0.06997387834980003,0.057343040 84299996,0.042048577181999995,0.022383547805380006 ,0.005496544464999989,0.008029817554000063,0.00383 41408159998924,-0.00543905786200008,-0.00624275651202,0.0024447491859999615,-0.00643401388699999,-0.002876344597999736,0.01869864360200002,0.0079078 84501000079,-0.006003180110000228,0.0018277103200001754,0.00373 2614856000009,0.004624050023000002,0.0054609159800 00258,0.0008308878820000032,0.0020767035879999535, 0.013583080990999974,0.0007745753439998837
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO010,0.12803390235800002,0 .13235708977100002,0.06538401955300002,0.051020018 78400002,0.03971648428639999,0.018935003777879995, 0.005216495804000012,0.007074635906000025,0.007161 360281999761,0.00008910428800013113,-0.0036914789171999993,0.004159089378000012,-0.007907814602999984,-0.014991075017999511,0.020155959561999837,0.003615 6336920000116,-0.010266887583999944,0.001478120531999809,-0.0008501318110000005,-0.00001820858099999803,0.004466010060000153,0.0050 90752921999911,-0.001472318749999953,0.00900584433200001,-0.0010649536440000091
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO012,0.13171913770800006,0 .13659524954000002,0.056715837150000004,0.04014874 034399963,0.03705798964999999,0.015981803379719998 ,0.004807413766,0.005943734672000128,0.00218456600 7999926,0.0016496193280000314,-0.004688322288220001,0.004502333734000029,-0.011915967388000024,-0.00687506293199968,0.016659887026000023,0.0028561 9346600003,-0.007374157952000009,0.0018857358999999126,0.00340 5606021999981,0.0023712798912000023,0.003440503804 0003152,0.0024156529919999014,0.001487345174000000 3,0.013966096172000064,-0.0005763066400003639
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO013,0.13015744165700016,0 .13253313581900003,0.06425043836300001,0.048695595 407000025,0.037683056181000006,0.01854865855564000 5,0.005075647511000025,0.006062316078000198,0.0035 347800160000515,-0.00042022355000008015,-0.004093067723368,0.005868134265999988,-0.013154141021000022,-0.014418328329999527,0.023729719276000094,0.005232 46885700014,-0.010315995878000042,0.002688395786000099,0.002872 0105979999693,0.0031016047259999984,0.004943850292 000248,0.0052032063140000405,0.0010535918919999797 ,0.01764422663700005,-0.0005638916699999188
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO014,0.13276819171800017,0 .131979855537,0.063280230284,0.05292371580199978,0 .036747759931000004,0.02108017854081999,0.00527459 5762000009,0.006261986951,0.00007349602500004646,-0.0034839313829999226,-0.005436501313404,0.005821535644000028,-0.011654483512999997,-0.010001131776000018,0.024250626805999796,0.006444 210398000168,-0.010436446758999934,0.002665284938999984,0.003168 692621,0.0034558352550000063,0.005530976928000211, 0.0037230754009998975,0.001095452479999961,0.01726 6106772000012,-0.00021931700499988258
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO015,0.13131397311699997,0 .13367797853900001,0.0634283334556,0.0491324570169 9985,0.038484745725000005,0.019432774915020004,0.0 05634641751000011,0.0074176179379999985,0.00080736 10459999967,-0.004891510159999978,-0.004858595371231999,0.0019854985759999713,-0.006181153873999988,0.0010891742700004665,0.01405 852935599999,0.0036354335070001124,-0.005642818568000047,0.0007945991560001095,0.00273 4738667999983,0.003924514556000004,0.0034249115520 00403,-0.0005281706759999094,0.0026123569219999596,0.0098 17888767,0.0007309702299997337
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO016,0.12396622242799998,0 .133695071494,0.06659367181880001,0.04865930877599 983,0.041842086485,0.018033807444060003,0.00777546 1386000003,0.005009828266000081,0.0074892632039999 57,0.0027303162139999237,-0.0037124404976999997,0.002330791558000018,-0.009644349534000004,-0.007814023309999779,0.01761966802200015,0.0042562 063800000325,-0.007728223155999952,0.006685061649999975,0.000854 3914479999795,0.0027001588039999988,0.003854757644 0001955,0.0017851107120000478,0.001277036447999971 4,0.00977836887400001,0.0008621206900001066
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO017,0.13238744970500002,0 .13307558746899997,0.06526883251560003,0.053248584 10299983,0.04145139595799999,0.019086036774719994, 0.004923594079000012,0.006897630488000028,0.003250 952186999792,-0.0018311489020000592,-0.006754863035739999,0.004808600353000012,-0.010768953967000016,-0.009109521978999773,0.022982536898000186,0.008627 629845000151,-0.0067033465739999906,0.0021276480350001254,0.0026 86647737999936,0.004951550998,0.005891683047000093 ,0.0021051894500002024,0.0008479096650000099,0.015 483752263999905,0.00016343004600001196
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO019,0.13298569681500008,0 .132767857913,0.07208694090359999,0.05904907714699 997,0.04387098194900001,0.021227450373320002,0.004 398399448999965,0.0078057114700000214,0.0065630820 93000057,0.0002800467760000168,-0.005055038215219999,0.005727580504999955,-0.012592778434999993,-0.015381025169000292,0.028436477744000186,0.007896 677790999972,-0.011993911980000117,0.002412695617000065,0.001502 8114999999743,0.0047915247580000014,0.008531252636 999956,0.0037005719320000394,-0.00027861337300002457,0.014002751128000037,0.0013 77600979999942
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO020,0.13196580621100013,0 .130683098796,0.058594674262600004,0.0419569385109 9997,0.032733892936400014,0.01591096190678,0.00492 6690443000042,0.005408101264000065,-0.00032001348199987715,-0.0028189552500000707,-0.004143787006127999,0.005061680707999991,-0.01000830107300003,-0.009690925889999423,0.015510167047999998,0.004425 560281000072,-0.004088389563999902,0.001568790158000155,0.003140 1676289999716,0.0032641113599999965,0.002852648216 000172,0.00491540526200008,0.002290966566000038,0. 015634850841000004,-0.0018344232099998291
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Netherlands_Groningen:GRO021,0.13252816283000005,0 .123348571566,0.0723022090776,0.07177761169,0.0344 70172642999994,0.027667886912439998,0.006600587654 000029,0.009577640611999904,-0.0019312761479999899,-0.013396890420000002,-0.0031239236494439997,0.00300048616199999,-0.007805946134000003,-0.01435544678799966,0.028505200177999995,0.0081920 36228000178,-0.015019194385999902,0.002453672386000111,0.002679 0901860000178,0.0042367527570000086,0.006775565168 000507,0.0038317029899999112,0.002221503107999947, 0.016635376960000003,0.0019052420679997115
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO023,0.12669392586000008,0 .133048892149,0.0498570836914,0.041772838879999954 ,0.03385342073760001,0.017508047817699993,0.003780 3014380000683,0.0044299772340001785,0.004097646184 000138,0.004105772759999807,-0.005540685627167997,0.005609278663999982,-0.011130852747999975,-0.008303763615999521,0.019246412706000048,0.005497 188535999984,-0.00765512206200003,0.0009336011220001487,0.002211 4695519999733,0.0020238238839999953,0.004246141176 000126,0.0007624903300000076,0.0014416781359999726 ,0.009131004289999897,0.0008609520759998157
Netherlands_Groningen:GRO024,0.12482376799800027,0 .14035208624200002,0.05425945877740002,0.029471450 87400005,0.040390530351000015,0.011588399546319994 ,0.005736424408000054,0.0027164970900001445,0.0076 77930104000183,0.013045283447999982,-0.004818679135432001,0.006776644391999969,-0.016203865754000013,-0.01049932609999965,0.0159815341699999,0.002195869 1720001186,-0.0046082054200001984,0.005393571616000084,0.00078 18962239999547,0.0016497015425999918,0.00399915580 0000362,0.002317249468000014,-0.00040954234200000876,0.008657103399999984,-0.0005752955400001175
United_Kingdom_Cornwall_Bude_Widemouth_Bay:S16383, 0.12799781162600013,0.130015385803,0.0644892356680 0001,0.04769096793199984,0.041035875013,0.01820481 222971999,0.004800410216999954,0.00597193150500002 9,0.005900802101999947,-0.002083143206000291,-0.0049304695152000005,0.0021356261989999917,-0.006014026436999982,-0.0004589317009996985,0.011962468437999956,0.00618 699149700002,-0.003459049794000036,0.00160928907999998,0.0045633 36297999993,0.0028805962030000036,0.00209739797200 00473,0.0008749554020000445,0.0025860162079999797, 0.012367046699000024,-0.00033719905900041116
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United_Kingdom_Yorkshire_Ribblesdale_Selside_Grike :S3056,0.11435623321100001,0.127437428669,0.034256 799294,-0.0008869411419999279,0.041397192324000014,0.00137 702683024,0.001134979757000056,0.00328564803899992 35,0.012292903886000121,0.02490663311500018,0.0016 06680885780002,0.006099047247999961,-0.012928472967000008,-0.0032560807349998055,-0.0015052648650000014,0.0024428760909999334,0.0037 87695120999829,0.001693733302999885,0.005621156845 00001,-0.0036842564242000075,-0.0011307818110000006,-0.000006673814999746952,-0.0016259916209999878,0.0020906590410000106,-0.0016741472860001133

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Scaled preliminary coordinates by Davidski

https://pastebin.com/raw/pRLqH3h5

[JamesBond007]

Don't remember much, but Bretons are still rather near Welsh and Cornish genetically still, aren't they? We'll drop them from the suspect list if so.

To me, it's plausible, but not all the way satisfactory, it might even predate their settlement. They conquered what was arguably the most prosperous and centralised kingdom in Western Europe and though I can see that they brought in peasantry and staff, they had no hangups about just being their elites and couldn't have had that dramatic an effect on what was established in Southeast England in dates prior. They couldn't have it was well populated even after. I'm more in agreement with Creoda, the Romans even struggled to define the Belgae as full blown Gaulish or German or a harmonious blend of the 2, add the flood of Franks to follow and their inevitable interaction with Saxons as continental neighbors or with their offshoots across the strait of Dover, some pre-1066 intermingling had to have been inevitable. Think I also remember reading at some point that some Romans interacted with Gauls settled in today's Kent, it made it clear those weren't Britons. It's fun to ponder about, not going to lie.

It could be there were two kinds of British Celts one related to the Irish and one the French. The Normans were an elite group and we really did not genetically mix with the commoners (except in Ireland?) and when we did we did not change the genetic structure of the masses for also the second reason that we were also Celto-Germanic essentially.

I have an elite hiberno-norman name and here is my G25 :

0.026 Kevin_scaled = 66% Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian + 34% Northwest*Europe:French*(Oïl):French*(Normandy*Cal vados)
0.026 Kevin_scaled = 63% Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian*(Bergen) + 37% Northwest*Europe:French*(Oïl):French*(Normandy*Cal vados)

Distance to: Kevin_scaled
0.02829386 Northwest*Europe:Netherlands: Dutch
0.02959299 Scottish
0.02982029 Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian
0.03080579 Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia: Danish
0.03097093 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:Welsh
0.03097094 Welsh
0.03117504 Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian*(Bergen)
0.03119617 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:Irish
0.03153596 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:Scottish
0.03173767 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:English

My closest population is Dutch since I have strong Norwegian admixture so the anglo-saxons I guess were related to the Dutch and Danes so it is apparent that Normans , like myself, would not change the genetic structure really by mixing.

Creoda likes to call me a mick+kraut peasant but my father has a Scottish name and my so called 'German' heritage is technically from France. I would guess my results to be Scotto-Norman of the lowland kind like Robert the Bruce.

So much for social mobility… 1,000 years after William the Conquerer invaded, you still need a Norman name like Darcy or Percy to get ahead

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2479271/1-000-years-invaded-need-Norman-like-Darcy-Percy-ahead.html

[Texas Oak]

It could be there were two kinds of British Celts one related to the Irish and one the French. The Normans were an elite group and we really did not genetically mix with the commoners (except in Ireland?) and when we did we did not change the genetic structure of the masses for also the second reason that we were also Celto-Germanic essentially.

I have an elite hiberno-norman name and here is my G25 :

0.026 Kevin_scaled = 66% Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian + 34% Northwest*Europe:French*(Oïl):French*(Normandy*Cal vados)
0.026 Kevin_scaled = 63% Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian*(Bergen) + 37% Northwest*Europe:French*(Oïl):French*(Normandy*Cal vados)

Distance to: Kevin_scaled
0.02829386 Northwest*Europe:Netherlands: Dutch
0.02959299 Scottish
0.02982029 Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian
0.03080579 Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia: Danish
0.03097093 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:Welsh
0.03097094 Welsh
0.03117504 Northwest*Europe:Scandinavia:Norwegian*(Bergen)
0.03119617 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:Irish
0.03153596 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:Scottish
0.03173767 Northwest*Europe:British*Isles:English

My closest population is Dutch since I have strong Norwegian admixture so the anglo-saxons I guess were related to the Dutch and Danes so it is apparent that Normans , like myself, would not change the genetic structure really by mixing.

Creoda likes to call me a mick+kraut peasant but my father has a Scottish name and my so called 'German' heritage is technically from France. I would guess my results to be Scotto-Norman of the lowland kind like Robert the Bruce.

So much for social mobility… 1,000 years after William the Conquerer invaded, you still need a Norman name like Darcy or Percy to get ahead

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2479271/1-000-years-invaded-need-Norman-like-Darcy-Percy-ahead.html

Great results. Does this mean the Celts aren't real?

[Africanwidow]

Based on the samples of the Saxon paper we see the actual Germanisation, so the spread of the Germanic language, people and culture in parts of Europe. This Germanic core is to be found on the "bottleneck" (Saxon pirates, nowadays the Schleswig-Holstein/Jutland border), thus is the Germanic heartland. These people are genetically close knit, share the same cult (Nerthus) and spoke a Proto-Germanic language that is especially founding for Old English, Old Frisian and Old Saxon. These people stood on the shoulders of the Jastorf Iron Age.

From the paper, with projected heartland:
https://i.postimg.cc/B6mJN5tF/EMA-heartland.png

Umap Ph2ter with projected core Germanics:
https://i.postimg.cc/m27xNXhp/Schermafbeelding-2022-08-26-om-14-17-04.png

On the left side the Germanic heartland. And besides on the right of it we can see the Scandic cluster. We clearly see the Gothic 'side event' that obviously doesn't affect the Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) core.

And from that, this tree from Seebold/Hines also makes sense:
https://i.postimg.cc/SNNtWbxQ/Schermafbeelding-2022-08-26-om-17-26-15.png

Tacitus (Wikipedia):

"Next come the Reudigni, the Aviones, the Anglii, the Varini, the Eudoses, the Suardones, and Nuithones who are fenced in by rivers or forests.
None of these tribes have any noteworthy feature, except their common worship of Ertha [the Latin says Nerthus], or mother-Earth, and their belief that she interposes in human affairs, and visits the nations in her car.
In an island of the ocean there is a sacred grove, and within it a consecrated chariot, covered over with a garment. Only one priest is permitted to touch it. He can perceive the presence of the goddess in this sacred recess, and walks by her side with the utmost reverence as she is drawn along by heifers. It is a season of rejoicing, and festivity reigns wherever she deigns to go and be received.
They do not go to battle or wear arms; every weapon is under lock; peace and quiet are known and welcomed only at these times, till the goddess, weary of human intercourse, is at length restored by the same priest to her temple. Afterwards the car, the vestments, and, if you like to believe it, the divinity herself, are purified in a secret lake.Slaves perform the rite, who are instantly swallowed up by its waters. Hence arises a mysterious terror and a pious ignorance concerning the nature of that which is seen only by men doomed to die. This branch indeed of the Suevi stretches into the remoter regions of Germany.”

The core Germanics aka the Anglo-Saxons are the most northern outlier Suebi and as such heirs of Jastorf. So from a comprehensive point a view theres is a lot in favour of seeing the Anglo-Saxons, the most Northern Suebi as a distinctive group in terms of genetics, cult, language and area. I hang on to the Anglo-Saxons of the Early Middle Ages as a pretty distinctive group that have left a heavy mark on large parts of (EMA) Europe!

[J. Ketch]

I don't agree with calling all CNE type ancestry that spread around Europe at that time Anglo-Saxon. I think the term should primarily refer to the early English or the specific migration that founded England, as that is its historical context. I suppose also Friesland since it was known to be populated in the same wave by the same tribes.

[Africanwidow]

I don't agree with calling all CNE type ancestry that spread around Europe at that time Anglo-Saxon. I think the term should primarily refer to the early English or the specific migration that founded England, as that is its historical context. I suppose also Friesland since it was known to be populated in the same wave by the same tribes.

The Frisians and Middle Angles descend from the same founder population.

[J. Ketch]

The Frisians and Middle Angles descend from the same founder population.
And proud of it. All of my English/Anglo-Saxon ancestry is from Anglian territory.

Do Frisians look at Old English artefacts like Sutton Hoo and the Staffordshire Hoard as part of their heritage in a way?

[Africanwidow]

And proud of it. All of my English/Anglo-Saxon ancestry is from Anglian territory.

Do Frisians look at Old English artefacts like Sutton Hoo and the Staffordshire Hoard as part of their heritage in a way?

Most of us don't even care about archeologic history etc or some shared heritage with the English. Same applies for most of the English in reality. Although, in the UK people are generally more drawn and interested in their ancestors because of their island 'mentality'. Such a large and complex history with different groups invaded for a long-while.. The media and British education system have done a better job at catering it so it grabs more attention and becomes part of the intrinsic cultural identity.

Frisians are stubbornly proud to be Frisian and show pride in their language but they fall-short on the historic aspect. I'm damn impressed when I look at the Sutton Hoo and/or Staffordshire Hoard artefacts and consider it part of my shared heritage, though.

[Graham]

Interesting looking at the data, will be better once individually dated. It does feel like the start of Jigsaws falling into place, once you group.

Using an area of England you can see the Anglo Saxons stretches from older Britons to Denmark and Lower Saxony.

https://i.ibb.co/vHQP54y/image.png

[Africanwidow]

Interesting looking at the data, will be better once individually dated. It does feel like the start of Jigsaws falling into place, once you group.

https://i.ibb.co/vHQP54y/image.png

Where did you get the dated sampels?

[Graham]

Where did you get the dated sampels?


https://drive.google.com/file/d/1V0hxis4W652QdSKdf2DBEzv8TdXH_SWx/view



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ERR10036412 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI012.A0101
ERR10036417 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH001.A0101
ERR10036433 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED009.A0101
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ERR10035988 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN001.A0101
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ERR10036001 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN014.A0201
ERR10036002 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN015.A0201
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ERR10036005 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK002.A0201
ERR10036007 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK004.A0201
ERR10036009 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK006.A0201
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ERR10036011 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK008.A0201
ERR10036012 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK009.A0201
ERR10036013 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK010.A0201
ERR10036014 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK011.A0201
ERR10036015 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK012.A0201
ERR10036016 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK013.A0201
ERR10036017 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK014.A0201
ERR10036018 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK015.A0201
ERR10036019 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK016.A0201
ERR10036020 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK017.A0201
ERR10036021 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK018.A0201
ERR10036022 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK019.A0201
ERR10036023 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK020.A0201
ERR10036024 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK021.A0201
ERR10036026 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK023.A0201
ERR10036027 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK024.A0201
ERR10036028 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK025.A0201
ERR10036029 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK026.A0201
ERR10036030 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK027.A0201
ERR10036031 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK028.A0201
ERR10036032 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK029.A0201
ERR10036033 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK030.A0201
ERR10036034 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK031.A0201
ERR10036035 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK032.A0201
ERR10036036 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK033.A0201
ERR10036038 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK035.A0201
ERR10036039 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK036.A0201
ERR10036041 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK038.A0201
ERR10036042 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK039.A0201
ERR10036043 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK040.A0201
ERR10036044 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK041.A0201
ERR10036045 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK042.A0201
ERR10036046 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK043.A0201
ERR10036047 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK044.A0201
ERR10036048 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK045.A0201
ERR10036049 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK046.A0201
ERR10036050 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK047.A0201
ERR10036051 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK048.A0201
ERR10036053 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK050.A0201
ERR10036054 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK051.A0201
ERR10036055 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK052.A0201
ERR10036056 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK053.A0201
ERR10036057 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK054.A0201
ERR10036058 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK055.A0201
ERR10036059 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK056.A0201
ERR10036061 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK058.A0201
ERR10036062 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK059.A0201
ERR10036063 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK060.A0201
ERR10036064 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK061.A0201
ERR10036065 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK062.A0201
ERR10036066 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK063.A0201
ERR10036068 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK065.A0201
ERR10036069 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK066.A0201
ERR10036070 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK067.A0201
ERR10036072 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK069.A0201
ERR10036073 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK070.A0201
ERR10036074 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK071.A0201
ERR10036075 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK072.A0201
ERR10036076 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK073.A0201
ERR10036077 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK074.A0201
ERR10036078 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU001.A0101
ERR10036079 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU002.A0101
ERR10036080 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU003.A0101
ERR10036081 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU004.A0101
ERR10036083 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU006.A0101
ERR10036084 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU007.A0101
ERR10036085 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU008.A0101
ERR10036087 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU010.A0101
ERR10036088 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU011.A0101
ERR10036089 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU012.A0101
ERR10036091 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU014.A0101
ERR10036092 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU015.A0101
ERR10036093 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU016.A0101
ERR10036094 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU017.A0101
ERR10036095 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU018.A0101
ERR10036096 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN001.A0101
ERR10036097 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN001.B0101
ERR10036098 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN002.A0101
ERR10036099 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN003.A0101
ERR10036100 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN004.A0101
ERR10036101 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN005.A0101
ERR10036102 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN006.A0101
ERR10036104 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN008.A0101
ERR10036105 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN009.A0101
ERR10036106 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN010.A0101
ERR10036107 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN011.A0101
ERR10036108 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN012.A0101
ERR10036109 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN013.A0101
ERR10036110 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN014.A0101
ERR10036111 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS001.A0101
ERR10036112 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS002.A0101
ERR10036113 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS004.A0101
ERR10036114 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS005.A0101
ERR10036115 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS006.A0101
ERR10036116 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY001.A0101
ERR10036117 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY002.A0101
ERR10036118 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY003.A0101
ERR10036119 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY004.A0101
ERR10036120 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY005.A0101
ERR10036121 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY006.A0101
ERR10036122 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO001.A0101
ERR10036123 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO002.A0101
ERR10036124 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO004.A0101
ERR10036125 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO005.A0101
ERR10036126 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO006.A0101
ERR10036127 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO007.A0101
ERR10036128 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO008.A0101
ERR10036130 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO012.A0101
ERR10036131 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO013.A0101
ERR10036132 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO014.A0101
ERR10036133 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO015.A0101
ERR10036134 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO016.A0101
ERR10036136 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO019.A0101
ERR10036137 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO020.A0101
ERR10036138 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO021.A0101
ERR10036139 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO023.A0101
ERR10036141 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD001.A0101
ERR10036142 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD002.A0101
ERR10036143 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD003.A0101
ERR10036144 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD004.A0101
ERR10036145 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD005.A0101
ERR10036146 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD006.A0101
ERR10036147 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD007.A0101
ERR10036148 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD008.A0101
ERR10036149 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD009.A0101
ERR10036150 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD010.A0101
ERR10036154 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD014.A0101
ERR10036155 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD015.A0101
ERR10036156 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD016.A0101
ERR10036157 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD017.A0101
ERR10036158 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD018.B0101
ERR10036159 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hiddestorf" HID001.A0101
ERR10036160 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hiddestorf" HID001.B0101
ERR10036161 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hiddestorf" HID002.A0101
ERR10036162 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hiddestorf" HID002.B0101
ERR10036163 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hiddestorf" HID003.A0101
ERR10036165 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN001.A0101
ERR10036166 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN002.A0101
ERR10036167 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN003.B0101
ERR10036168 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN004.A0101
ERR10036169 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN005.A0101
ERR10036170 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN006.A0101
ERR10036171 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN007.A0101
ERR10036172 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN008.A0101
ERR10036173 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN009.B0101
ERR10036176 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0763.E1.L1
ERR10036177 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0764.E1.L1
ERR10036178 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0765.E1.L1
ERR10036179 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0766.E1.L1
ERR10036180 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0767.E1.L1
ERR10036181 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0768.E1.L1
ERR10036182 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0771.E1.L1
ERR10036183 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0772.E1.L1
ERR10036184 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0775.E1.L1
ERR10036185 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Linton" SI0790.E1.L1
ERR10036186 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Linton" SI0791.E1.L1
ERR10036187 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" SI0792.E1.L1
ERR10036188 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11567.E1.L1
ERR10036189 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11568.E1.L1
ERR10036191 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11570.E1.L1
ERR10036192 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11571.E1.L1
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ERR10036194 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11574.E1.L1
ERR10036196 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11576.E1.L1
ERR10036197 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11577.E1.L1
ERR10036198 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11578.E1.L1
ERR10036199 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11579.E1.L1
ERR10036200 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11580.E1.L1
ERR10036201 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11581.E1.L1
ERR10036202 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11582.E1.L1
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ERR10036204 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S11584.E1.L1
ERR10036205 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S11585.E1.L1
ERR10036206 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S11586.E1.L1
ERR10036207 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S11587.E1.L1
ERR10036209 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S11589.E1.L1
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ERR10036212 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Rookery Hill Bishopstone" S14534.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036213 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Rookery Hill Bishopstone" S14535.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036214 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Rookery Hill Bishopstone" S14536.Y1.E1.L1
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ERR10036217 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Rookery Hill Bishopstone" S14540.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036218 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Rookery Hill Bishopstone" S14541.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036219 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Rookery Hill Bishopstone" S14542.Y1.E1.L1
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ERR10036229 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill" S17270.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036230 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill" S17271.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036231 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton East Mill" S17272.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036233 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton East Mill" S17274.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036235 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton East Mill" S17276.Y1.E1.L1
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ERR10036238 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20598.E1.L1
ERR10036239 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20600.E1.L1
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ERR10036241 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20602.E1.L1
ERR10036242 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20603.E1.L1
ERR10036243 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20604.E1.L1
ERR10036244 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20605.E1.L1
ERR10036245 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20607.E1.L1
ERR10036246 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Sussex Apple Down West Chichester" S20608.E1.L1
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ERR10036250 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20639.E1.L1
ERR10036251 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20640.E1.L1
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ERR10036255 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20644.E1.L1
ERR10036256 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20645.E1.L1
ERR10036257 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20646.E1.L1
ERR10036258 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20648.E1.L1
ERR10036259 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20649.E1.L1
ERR10036260 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20650.E1.L1
ERR10036261 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20651.E1.L1
ERR10036262 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20652.E1.L1
ERR10036263 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20653.E1.L1
ERR10036264 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20654.E1.L1
ERR10036265 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20655.E1.L1
ERR10036266 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20656.E1.L1
ERR10036267 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20657.E1.L1
ERR10036269 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20659.E1.L1
ERR10036270 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20660.E1.L1
ERR10036271 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20661.E1.L1
ERR10036273 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20665.E1.L1
ERR10036274 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20666.E1.L1
ERR10036275 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20667.E1.L1
ERR10036276 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20668.E1.L1
ERR10036277 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20669.E1.L1
ERR10036278 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20670.E1.L1
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ERR10036280 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20672.E1.L1
ERR10036281 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20673.E1.L1
ERR10036282 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20674.E1.L1
ERR10036283 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20675.E1.L1
ERR10036285 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20677.E1.L1
ERR10036286 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20678.E1.L1
ERR10036287 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20679.E1.L1
ERR10036288 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20680.E1.L1
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ERR10036291 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Lincolnshire Lincoln Lincoln Castle" S3044.L1
ERR10036292 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Lincolnshire Lincoln Lincoln Castle" S3045.L1
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ERR10036295 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND001.A0101
ERR10036296 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND002.A0101
ERR10036297 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND003.A0101
ERR10036298 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND004.A0101
ERR10036300 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND006.A0101
ERR10036302 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND008.A0101
ERR10036303 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND009.A0101
ERR10036304 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND010.A0101
ERR10036305 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND011.A0101
ERR10036306 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND012.A0101
ERR10036307 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND013.A0101
ERR10036308 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND014.A0101
ERR10036309 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND015.A0101
ERR10036310 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND016.A0101
ERR10036311 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND017.A0101
ERR10036312 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Issendorf" ISS001.A0101
ERR10036313 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Issendorf" ISS002.A0101
ERR10036314 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL001.B0102
ERR10036315 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL002.B0102
ERR10036316 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL003.B0102
ERR10036317 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL004.B0102
ERR10036318 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL006.B0102
ERR10036319 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL007.B0102
ERR10036320 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL008.B0102
ERR10036321 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL009.B0102
ERR10036323 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL013.B0102
ERR10036324 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL014.B0102
ERR10036325 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL015.B0102
ERR10036326 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL016.B0102
ERR10036327 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL017.A0102
ERR10036328 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL018.B0102
ERR10036329 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL019.B0102
ERR10036330 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL020.A0102
ERR10036331 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL021.A0102
ERR10036332 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL022.B0102
ERR10036333 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL023.B0102
ERR10036334 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL024.B0102
ERR10036335 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL025.B0102
ERR10036336 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL026.B0102
ERR10036337 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL027.B0102
ERR10036338 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL028.B0102
ERR10036339 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL030.A0102
ERR10036340 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL031.B0102
ERR10036341 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL032.B0102
ERR10036342 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL033.B0102
ERR10036343 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL034.A0102
ERR10036344 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL035.B0102
ERR10036345 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL037.A0102
ERR10036346 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL038.A0102
ERR10036347 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL041.B0102
ERR10036348 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL042.A0102
ERR10036349 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL043.B0102
ERR10036350 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL044.B0102
ERR10036351 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL045.B0102
ERR10036352 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL047.B0102
ERR10036353 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN001.A0101
ERR10036354 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN002.A0101
ERR10036355 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN003.A0101
ERR10036356 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN004.A0101
ERR10036357 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN005.A0101
ERR10036359 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN007.A0101
ERR10036360 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN008.A0101
ERR10036361 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN009.A0101
ERR10036362 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN010.A0101
ERR10036363 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN011.A0101
ERR10036365 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN013.A0101
ERR10036366 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN014.A0101
ERR10036367 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN015.A0101
ERR10036368 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK001.A0101
ERR10036369 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK002.A0101
ERR10036370 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK003.A0101
ERR10036371 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK004.A0101
ERR10036372 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK005.A0101
ERR10036373 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK006.A0101
ERR10036374 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK007.A0101
ERR10036375 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK008.A0101
ERR10036376 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK009.A0101
ERR10036377 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK010.A0101
ERR10036378 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK011.A0101
ERR10036379 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK012.A0101
ERR10036380 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK013.A0101
ERR10036382 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK015.A0101
ERR10036383 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK016.A0101
ERR10036384 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU001.A0201
ERR10036385 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU002.A0201
ERR10036386 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU003.A0201
ERR10036387 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU004.A0201
ERR10036388 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU005.A0201
ERR10036389 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU006.A0201
ERR10036390 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU007.A0201
ERR10036391 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU008.A0201
ERR10036392 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU009.A0201
ERR10036393 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Liebenau" LBU010.A0101
ERR10036394 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Friesland Midlum" MDM001.A0101
ERR10036395 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Friesland Midlum" MDM002.A0101
ERR10036396 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Friesland Midlum" MDM003.A0101
ERR10036397 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Friesland Midlum" MDM004.A0101
ERR10036398 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Friesland Midlum" MDM005.A0101
ERR10036399 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Friesland Midlum" MDM006.A0101
ERR10036400 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Friesland Midlum" MDM007.A0101
ERR10036401 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI001.A0101
ERR10036402 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI002.A0101
ERR10036403 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI003.A0101
ERR10036404 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI004.A0101
ERR10036405 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI005.A0101
ERR10036406 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI006.A0101
ERR10036407 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI007.A0101
ERR10036408 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI008.A0101
ERR10036409 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI009.A0101
ERR10036410 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI010.A0101
ERR10036411 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI011.A0101
ERR10036413 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI013.A0101
ERR10036414 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI015.A0101
ERR10036415 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI016.A0101
ERR10036416 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI017.A0101
ERR10036418 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH002.A0101
ERR10036419 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH003.A0101
ERR10036420 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH004.A0101
ERR10036421 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH005.A0101
ERR10036422 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH006.A0101
ERR10036423 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH007.A0101
ERR10036424 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH008.A0101
ERR10036425 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH009.A0101
ERR10036426 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED001.B0101
ERR10036427 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED003.A0101
ERR10036428 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED004.A0101
ERR10036429 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED005.A0101
ERR10036430 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED006.A0101
ERR10036431 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED007.B0101
ERR10036432 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED008.A0101
ERR10036434 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED010.A0101
ERR10036435 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED011.B0101
ERR10036436 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED012.B0101
ERR10036437 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED013.A0101
ERR10036438 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED014.A0101
ERR10036439 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED015.A0101
ERR10036440 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED016.A0101
ERR10036441 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED017.A0101
ERR10036442 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED018.A0101
ERR10036443 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED019.B0101
ERR10036444 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED020.A0101
ERR10036445 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED021.A0101
ERR10036446 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Schortens" SRS001.A0101
ERR10036447 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Schortens" SRS002.A0101
ERR10036448 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Schortens" SRS003.A0101
ERR10036449 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Schortens" SRS004.A0101
ERR10036450 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG001.A0101
ERR10036451 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG002.A0101
ERR10036452 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG003.A0101
ERR10036453 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG004.A0101
ERR10036455 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG006.A0101
ERR10036456 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG007.A0101
ERR10036457 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG008.A0101
ERR10036458 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG009.A0101
ERR10036459 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG010.A0101
ERR10036460 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG011.A0101
ERR10036461 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG012.A0101
ERR10036462 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG013.A0101
ERR10036463 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG014.A0101
ERR10036464 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG015.A0101
ERR10036465 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Zetel" ZET001.A0101
ERR10036466 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Zetel" ZET002.A0101

[Africanwidow]

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1V0hxis4W652QdSKdf2DBEzv8TdXH_SWx/view


[SPOILER]ERR10036003 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN016.A0201
ERR10036006 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK003.A0201
ERR10036008 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK005.A0201
ERR10036025 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK022.A0201
ERR10036037 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK034.A0201
ERR10036040 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK037.A0201
ERR10036052 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK049.A0201
ERR10036060 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK057.A0201
ERR10036067 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK064.A0201
ERR10036071 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK068.A0201
ERR10036082 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU005.A0101
ERR10036086 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU009.A0101
ERR10036090 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU013.A0101
ERR10036103 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN007.A0101
ERR10036129 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO010.A0101
ERR10036135 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO017.A0101
ERR10036140 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO024.A0101
ERR10036151 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD011.A0101
ERR10036152 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD012.A0101
ERR10036153 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD013.A0101
ERR10036164 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hiddestorf" HID004.A0101
ERR10036174 Germany Europe Germany "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Haeven" HVN010.A0101
ERR10036175 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill" S0531.E1.L1
ERR10036190 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11569.E1.L1
ERR10036195 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S11575.E1.L1
ERR10036208 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S11588.E1.L1
ERR10036210 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S11590.E1.L1
ERR10036228 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill" S17269.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036232 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton East Mill" S17273.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036234 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire Norton East Mill" S17275.Y1.E1.L1
ERR10036247 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S20636.E1.L1
ERR10036248 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Dorset Worth Matravers" S20637.E1.L1
ERR10036252 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20641.E1.L1
ERR10036253 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20642.E1.L1
ERR10036268 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20658.E1.L1
ERR10036272 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20663.E1.L1
ERR10036284 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Yorkshire West Heslerton" S20676.E1.L1
ERR10036299 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND005.A0101
ERR10036301 Germany Europe Germany "North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden" IND007.A0101
ERR10036322 Ireland Europe Ireland "Roscommon Kilteasheen The Bishop’s Seat" KIL012.A0102
ERR10036358 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN006.A0101
ERR10036364 Denmark Europe Denmark "Zealand Sct. Clements Copenhagen" KPN012.A0101
ERR10036381 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Suffolk RAF Lakenheath" LAK014.A0101
ERR10036412 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Oakington" OAI012.A0101
ERR10036417 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Polhill" POH001.A0101
ERR10036433 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Norfolk Sedgeford" SED009.A0101
ERR10036454 Germany Europe Germany "Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt" SWG005.A0101
ERR10035988 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN001.A0101
ERR10035989 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN002.A0101
ERR10035990 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN003.A0101
ERR10035991 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN004.A0101
ERR10035992 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN005.A0101
ERR10035993 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN006.A0101
ERR10035994 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN007.A0101
ERR10035995 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN008.A0101
ERR10035996 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN009.A0101
ERR10035997 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN010.A0101
ERR10035998 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN011.A0101
ERR10035999 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN012.A0201
ERR10036000 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN013.A0201
ERR10036001 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN014.A0201
ERR10036002 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten" ADN015.A0201
ERR10036004 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK001.A0201
ERR10036005 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK002.A0201
ERR10036007 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK004.A0201
ERR10036009 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK006.A0201
ERR10036010 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK007.A0201
ERR10036011 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK008.A0201
ERR10036012 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK009.A0201
ERR10036013 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK010.A0201
ERR10036014 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK011.A0201
ERR10036015 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK012.A0201
ERR10036016 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK013.A0201
ERR10036017 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK014.A0201
ERR10036018 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK015.A0201
ERR10036019 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK016.A0201
ERR10036020 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK017.A0201
ERR10036021 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK018.A0201
ERR10036022 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK019.A0201
ERR10036023 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK020.A0201
ERR10036024 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK021.A0201
ERR10036026 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK023.A0201
ERR10036027 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK024.A0201
ERR10036028 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK025.A0201
ERR10036029 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK026.A0201
ERR10036030 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK027.A0201
ERR10036031 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK028.A0201
ERR10036032 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK029.A0201
ERR10036033 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK030.A0201
ERR10036034 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK031.A0201
ERR10036035 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK032.A0201
ERR10036036 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK033.A0201
ERR10036038 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK035.A0201
ERR10036039 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK036.A0201
ERR10036041 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK038.A0201
ERR10036042 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK039.A0201
ERR10036043 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK040.A0201
ERR10036044 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK041.A0201
ERR10036045 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK042.A0201
ERR10036046 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK043.A0201
ERR10036047 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK044.A0201
ERR10036048 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK045.A0201
ERR10036049 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK046.A0201
ERR10036050 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK047.A0201
ERR10036051 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK048.A0201
ERR10036053 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK050.A0201
ERR10036054 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK051.A0201
ERR10036055 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK052.A0201
ERR10036056 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK053.A0201
ERR10036057 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK054.A0201
ERR10036058 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK055.A0201
ERR10036059 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK056.A0201
ERR10036061 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK058.A0201
ERR10036062 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK059.A0201
ERR10036063 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK060.A0201
ERR10036064 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK061.A0201
ERR10036065 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK062.A0201
ERR10036066 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK063.A0201
ERR10036068 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK065.A0201
ERR10036069 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK066.A0201
ERR10036070 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK067.A0201
ERR10036072 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK069.A0201
ERR10036073 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK070.A0201
ERR10036074 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK071.A0201
ERR10036075 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK072.A0201
ERR10036076 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK073.A0201
ERR10036077 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Dover Buckland" BUK074.A0201
ERR10036078 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU001.A0101
ERR10036079 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU002.A0101
ERR10036080 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU003.A0101
ERR10036081 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU004.A0101
ERR10036083 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU006.A0101
ERR10036084 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU007.A0101
ERR10036085 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU008.A0101
ERR10036087 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU010.A0101
ERR10036088 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU011.A0101
ERR10036089 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU012.A0101
ERR10036091 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU014.A0101
ERR10036092 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU015.A0101
ERR10036093 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU016.A0101
ERR10036094 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU017.A0101
ERR10036095 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Drantum" DRU018.A0101
ERR10036096 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN001.A0101
ERR10036097 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN001.B0101
ERR10036098 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN002.A0101
ERR10036099 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN003.A0101
ERR10036100 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN004.A0101
ERR10036101 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN005.A0101
ERR10036102 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN006.A0101
ERR10036104 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN008.A0101
ERR10036105 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN009.A0101
ERR10036106 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN010.A0101
ERR10036107 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN011.A0101
ERR10036108 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN012.A0101
ERR10036109 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN013.A0101
ERR10036110 Germany Europe Germany "Lower Saxony Dunum" DUN014.A0101
ERR10036111 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS001.A0101
ERR10036112 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS002.A0101
ERR10036113 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS004.A0101
ERR10036114 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS005.A0101
ERR10036115 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Kent Eastry Updown" EAS006.A0101
ERR10036116 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY001.A0101
ERR10036117 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY002.A0101
ERR10036118 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY003.A0101
ERR10036119 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY004.A0101
ERR10036120 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY005.A0101
ERR10036121 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Ely" ELY006.A0101
ERR10036122 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO001.A0101
ERR10036123 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO002.A0101
ERR10036124 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO004.A0101
ERR10036125 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO005.A0101
ERR10036126 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO006.A0101
ERR10036127 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO007.A0101
ERR10036128 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO008.A0101
ERR10036130 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO012.A0101
ERR10036131 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO013.A0101
ERR10036132 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO014.A0101
ERR10036133 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO015.A0101
ERR10036134 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO016.A0101
ERR10036136 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO019.A0101
ERR10036137 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO020.A0101
ERR10036138 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO021.A0101
ERR10036139 Netherlands Europe Netherlands "Groningen Groningen" GRO023.A0101
ERR10036141 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD001.A0101
ERR10036142 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD002.A0101
ERR10036143 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD003.A0101
ERR10036144 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD004.A0101
ERR10036145 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD005.A0101
ERR10036146 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD006.A0101
ERR10036147 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD007.A0101
ERR10036148 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD008.A0101
ERR10036149 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD009.A0101
ERR10036150 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD010.A0101
ERR10036154 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD014.A0101
ERR10036155 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD015.A0101
ERR10036156 United Kingdom Europe United Kingdom "Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close" HAD016.A0101
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On what basis have you labelled and dated them? For example, there are no Dutch South samples in the Saxon paper so I'm curious what samples you used for them and on how you decided the time-period.. Same applies to the Norway and Sweden samples..

[Graham]

On what basis have you labelled and dated them? For example, there are no Dutch South samples in the Saxon paper so I'm curious what samples you used for them and on how you decided the time-period.. Same applies to the Norway and Sweden samples..

There are iron age samples outwith this paper dated and located, but have to do a bit of searching.



NLD_LIA:I17750,0.133173,0.123895,0.070144,0.048773 ,0.038469,0.016733,0.009635,0.001615,-0.003272,-0.010387,-0.010393,0.006594,-0.016055,-0.007294,0.018729,0.017767,0.007432,0.001774,0.007 416,0.005253,0.004866,0.003215,0.010723,0.018195,-0.003473
NLD_MIA_LIA:I12906,0.120652,0.13405,0.054682,0.041 021,0.037545,0.014223,0.010575,0.005538,0.003068,0 .010934,0.000487,0.016935,-0.003122,-0.004542,0.010722,-0.004906,-0.020079,0.003927,-0.000628,0.011506,0.01148,0.012489,-0.004807,-0.001446,0.006706
NLD_MIA_LIA:I12907,0.138864,0.131003,0.060716,0.06 3954,0.038469,0.013666,0.00047,-0.004615,0.005931,-0.007107,0.003085,0.013038,-0.014123,-0.019267,0.032166,0.009414,0.009388,-0.000887,0.008799,0.005878,0.008735,0.011994,-0.005053,0.022172,-0.022393

I12906 Netherlands_MIA_LIA Zeeland, Veere-N57
I12907 Netherlands_MIA_LIA Noord-Holland, Uitgeest-Dorregeest
I17750 Netherlands_LIA Noord-Holland, Velsen-Hoogoventerrein




https://i.ibb.co/4YDtvrq/image.png

[Africanwidow]

There are iron age samples outwith this paper dated and located, but have to do a bit of searching.



NLD_LIA:I17750,0.133173,0.123895,0.070144,0.048773 ,0.038469,0.016733,0.009635,0.001615,-0.003272,-0.010387,-0.010393,0.006594,-0.016055,-0.007294,0.018729,0.017767,0.007432,0.001774,0.007 416,0.005253,0.004866,0.003215,0.010723,0.018195,-0.003473
NLD_MIA_LIA:I12906,0.120652,0.13405,0.054682,0.041 021,0.037545,0.014223,0.010575,0.005538,0.003068,0 .010934,0.000487,0.016935,-0.003122,-0.004542,0.010722,-0.004906,-0.020079,0.003927,-0.000628,0.011506,0.01148,0.012489,-0.004807,-0.001446,0.006706
NLD_MIA_LIA:I12907,0.138864,0.131003,0.060716,0.06 3954,0.038469,0.013666,0.00047,-0.004615,0.005931,-0.007107,0.003085,0.013038,-0.014123,-0.019267,0.032166,0.009414,0.009388,-0.000887,0.008799,0.005878,0.008735,0.011994,-0.005053,0.022172,-0.022393

I12906 Netherlands_MIA_LIA Zeeland, Veere-N57
I12907 Netherlands_MIA_LIA Noord-Holland, Uitgeest-Dorregeest
I17750 Netherlands_LIA Noord-Holland, Velsen-Hoogoventerrein




https://i.ibb.co/4YDtvrq/image.png

Appreciate it. I agree, really keen for the individually dated and labelled samples. Will unravel a lot about how we can model Northwest Europe on G25 accordingly.

[Africanwidow]

AS samples in CvG:


ADN001,-0.0061,-0.0053,0.0011,-0.0051,-0.0031,0.0029,-0.0024,-0.0033,-0.0035,0,0.0043,-0.0033,0.0113,0,0.0088,-0.0016,0.0047,0.0045,0.0033,0.0026,0.0006,-0.0002,0.0013,-0.0004,-0.0005
ADN002,-0.0317,-0.004,0.0065,0,0.0123,0.0062,-0.0006,-0.0034,-0.0051,0.004,0.0002,-0.0028,-0.0074,-0.0051,0.0061,-0.0005,-0.0076,0.0106,0.0008,0.0064,0.0011,-0.001,0.0013,-0.0084,0.0014
ADN003,-0.023,-0.007,-0.0034,0.0032,-0.0012,0.0031,-0.005,-0.0012,-0.0057,0.0007,0.0034,0.0032,0.0026,0.0034,-0.0104,-0.0061,0.0017,-0.0041,-0.0028,0.0011,0.0066,-0.0016,-0.002,-0.0028,0.0024
ADN004,-0.0283,-0.0085,-0.0065,-0.0026,-0.0006,-0.0032,-0.0051,-0.0025,0.0037,-0.005,0.001,-0.0008,-0.0069,0.0024,-0.0065,-0.0113,-0.004,-0.0072,-0.0064,0.0022,0.016,0.0015,-0.0022,0.0045,0.0098
ADN005,-0.0148,-0.0058,-0.0066,0.0004,-0.0029,0.0054,-0.0081,-0.0094,-0.006,0.0063,0.0026,0.0017,0.0078,-0.0016,0.0026,-0.0021,-0.0057,-0.0087,0.0054,0.0001,-0.0058,-0.0014,0.0047,0.0015,0.0034
ADN006.bam,-0.0278,-0.0038,0.0004,-0.0014,-0.0071,-0.0064,-0.0014,-0.0007,0.0067,0.0042,0.0018,-0.0015,0.0021,0.0048,-0.0055,-0.0035,-0.005,0.001,-0.0073,0.0072,0.0014,-0.0058,-0.0101,-0.0097,0.0013
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ADN008.bam,-0.0105,-0.0108,0.0109,-0.0085,0.0067,0.0033,0.0065,0.0065,0.0019,0.0062,-0.0003,-0.0029,0.0084,0.0042,0.0007,0,-0.0013,0.0013,0.0006,0.0057,-0.002,-0.0028,0.0018,-0.0034,-0.0037
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ADN013.bam,-0.0308,-0.0089,0.0066,-0.0007,0.009,0.0015,-0.0046,0.0057,-0.0015,-0.0004,0.0134,0.0068,0.0045,0.004,-0.0106,0.0007,-0.0005,-0.0026,0.0005,0.0078,0.0062,-0.0057,0.0027,-0.0083,0
ADN014.bam,0.0023,-0.0125,0.0022,-0.0016,0.0084,-0.0011,-0.0035,0.0015,-0.0006,-0.007,-0.0004,0.0086,-0.0008,0.0044,-0.0023,-0.0022,0.0022,-0.0009,0.0032,-0.0023,0,-0.0018,0.0084,0.0044,-0.0099
ADN015.bam,0.0006,0.0004,-0.0045,-0.0088,0.0016,-0.0064,0.0005,0.007,-0.0004,-0.0033,0.0053,0.0104,-0.0044,-0.0023,-0.007,-0.0019,0.006,0.002,0.0021,0.0122,0.0029,-0.0086,0.0106,-0.0005,0.0041
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BUK001.bam,-0.0356,0.0015,-0.0034,0.0002,0.008,0.0014,0.0046,-0.0031,-0.0071,-0.0019,-0.0057,0.0044,-0.0096,-0.0036,0.0057,-0.0004,-0.0101,-0.0041,-0.0086,-0.0053,0.0098,-0.0017,0.0065,-0.0005,0.0047
BUK002.bam,-0.0246,0.002,0.0091,0.0063,-0.0048,0.0041,-0.0007,-0.0068,0.0017,0.0054,-0.0061,-0.0011,-0.002,-0.0141,-0.008,-0.0084,0.0098,-0.0064,-0.0004,0.0032,0.0107,0.002,0.001,-0.0042,0.0067
BUK003.bam,-0.0332,-0.0018,0.0016,0.0019,0.0043,-0.0061,-0.0005,-0.0029,-0.0035,0.0029,0.0057,-0.0024,0.0025,-0.0036,-0.005,0.0079,-0.0047,-0.0001,0.0023,-0.0082,0.0035,0.0005,-0.0003,-0.001,0.0023
BUK004.bam,-0.0332,-0.0063,0.0116,-0.0046,0.0008,0.0035,0.0071,-0.0014,-0.0002,-0.0054,0,0.0041,-0.0021,0,-0.0016,0.004,-0.0005,-0.0076,-0.0041,-0.006,0.0067,0.0001,-0.0115,0.0058,-0.0038
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BUK006.bam,-0.0309,-0.011,-0.0135,-0.0071,0.0007,0.0012,-0.0041,0.0048,-0.0068,0.0037,0.0012,0.0002,-0.0049,-0.0068,0.0088,0.0001,-0.0023,-0.0112,0.002,0.0026,0.0052,0.0021,-0.0026,0.002,0.0059
BUK007.bam,-0.0328,-0.0024,0.0099,-0.0054,0.0136,0.0025,-0.0031,-0.0098,-0.0051,0.0016,0.0041,-0.003,-0.0001,0.0025,0.0061,-0.0033,-0.0023,-0.0073,0.0114,0.0039,-0.0039,-0.0056,-0.0034,0.0033,0.0088
BUK008.bam,-0.0363,-0.0015,-0.0038,0.0003,0.0115,-0.0008,-0.007,0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0059,-0.0022,0,-0.0072,-0.0013,-0.0094,-0.0081,-0.0019,0.0019,0.0018,-0.0006,-0.0037,0,-0.0012,-0.0035,0.0073
BUK009.bam,-0.037,-0.0071,0.0039,0.0029,0.0157,-0.0023,0.0009,-0.0062,-0.0076,-0.003,-0.001,-0.0008,0.0002,0.0055,-0.0024,-0.001,-0.0026,-0.006,-0.0023,-0.0016,0.0005,-0.006,0.0013,-0.0082,0.003
BUK010.bam,-0.0352,-0.0143,0.0057,-0.002,-0.0058,0.0058,-0.0078,0.0065,0.0075,0.007,-0.0037,0.0074,0.0014,-0.0004,0.0063,-0.009,-0.0026,0.0001,-0.0121,-0.0012,-0.0015,0.011,-0.0044,-0.0069,-0.0067
BUK011.bam,-0.011,-0.0076,-0.0052,-0.0031,0.006,-0.0021,-0.0023,0.003,0.0025,0.002,-0.0011,-0.0046,0.001,-0.0003,-0.0088,0.006,-0.0087,-0.0026,-0.0037,-0.0011,-0.0056,-0.0102,0.0034,0.002,-0.0055
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BUK040.bam,-0.0377,-0.0112,0.0048,-0.0017,-0.0073,-0.0026,0.0036,0.0072,0.0043,-0.0036,-0.0071,-0.0045,-0.0043,-0.0099,-0.0006,-0.0012,-0.007,-0.0093,0.0007,-0.0054,-0.0008,0.0067,-0.0086,-0.0001,-0.0075
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ZET002,-0.016,-0.0376,-0.0183,0.005,-0.0158,-0.0271,0.0497,0.0732,-0.0123,-0.0154,-0.0219,0.0088,-0.0465,0.0185,0.0368,-0.0151,0.0141,-0.0256,0.0068,0.0029,-0.0086,-0.0209,-0.0095,-0.0721,0.0018

[Nmiito]

Imo phenotypically English people look way closer to the Irish than to the Germans and Dutch.
What's the replacement rate for all of England?

[Africanwidow]

Imo phenotypically English people look way closer to the Irish than to the Germans and Dutch.
What's the replacement rate for all of England?

The average modern-day English person is roughly 40% Anglo-Saxon so that's your replacement rate for England.

Anyways, the Anglo-Saxons mixed eventually with the Britons and Gauls who lived in Eastern England and created a hybrid population overtime. It's still not clear wether the Gauls became present already in pre-Saxon England or post Early Medieval England.

Nevertheless this new 'Anglo-Saxon' population were the one's who were responsible for the further expansion into Britain and mixed overtime with the 'pure' Britons they encountered. This should also make perfect sense since Anglo-Saxon ancestry has a strong West-East gradient in Britain.

[Septentrion]

But over time native Britons (mostly via women) were assimilated into Anglo-Saxon culture.

Abstract from a new study coming.
https://www.e-a-a.org/EAA2020virtual/Programme.aspx?WebsiteKey=79538f04-4210-43d4-90c1-704213a00c84&hkey=e5eed11c-a2ea-404a-86f3-482344cb3829&Program=2#Program

Hence the dearth of Celtic culture in England from early on. A mass replacement event explains that.

I agree with this, as it is not politically correct.

[Septentrion]

Imo phenotypically English people look way closer to the Irish than to the Germans and Dutch.
What's the replacement rate for all of England?

The English look in between. As they don’t have the strong CM cast of the Irish

[Septentrion]

The average modern-day English person is roughly 40% Anglo-Saxon so that's your replacement rate for England.

Anyways, the Anglo-Saxons mixed eventually with the Britons and Gauls who lived in Eastern England and created a hybrid population overtime. It's still not clear wether the Gauls became present already in pre-Saxon England or post Early Medieval England.

Nevertheless this new 'Anglo-Saxon' population were the one's who were responsible for the further expansion into Britain and mixed overtime with the 'pure' Britons they encountered. This should also make perfect sense since Anglo-Saxon ancestry has a strong West-East gradient in Britain.

Gauls were not present in Britain, rather in France, Switzerland, etc… Get your facts straight. There was a difference between the Ancient Britons and Gauls. Despite the fact that they were Celtic people.

[J. Ketch]

The English look in between. As they don’t have the strong CM cast of the Irish
I agree that the English look basically halfway in between overall, and not that much like either. Although they are genetically closer to Dutch.


Gauls were not present in Britain, rather in France, Switzerland, etc… Get your facts straight. There was a difference between the Ancient Britons and Gauls. Despite the fact that they were Celtic people.
That's the thing though Septentrion, this study will be saying that Gauls were present in England in large numbers, alongside Anglo-Saxons and native Britons, and that three-way mixture is what has created the English ethnogenesis.

[J.S.]

Is there anyone to work on these files to get the Plink format?
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB50940?show=reads

[Africanwidow]

The paper is finally out

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05247-2

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Date, coverage and haplogroup of the samples


Country Region Site Sample Date Coverage Lat and Long Sex Y-DNA mtDNA
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN001 829 72,36% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H56
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN002 750 71,00% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a U5a2c3a
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN003 770 70,11% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN004 750 22,76% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a2 / S21728 H5e1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN005 856 76,97% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN006 750 76,75% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA J1b1a1b
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN007 750 75,30% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 V
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN008 883 78,96% 52.359733, 9.869503 M I1~ / CTS8597 H3af
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN009 750 69,00% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN010 750 75,20% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN011 750 69,49% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA K1a4a1a2a
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN012 750 2,56% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b / PF6527 H+195+146
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN013 715 68,88% 52.359733, 9.869503 M I2a1b1a2b1a1a~ / FGC33292 H1a1c
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN014 750 75,75% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 H
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN015 750 78,65% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA H1e
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN016 750 0,16% 52.359733, 9.869503 F? NA W1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK001 600 43,46% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 HV9a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK002 600 31,23% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1e1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK003 600 48,04% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1g1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK004 600 18,96% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1g1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK005 498 59,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T1a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK006 600 29,11% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 H4a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK007 600 30,47% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 H24a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK008 485 38,86% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA V2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK009 600 58,37% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 J1b1a1b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK010 600 52,85% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a1a / S1741 HV9
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK011 600 34,88% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 J1c3f
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK012 600 21,21% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 H105a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK013 463 0,20% 51.139792, 1.30071 M NA NA
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK014 600 9,25% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK015 600 8,53% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / FGC10273 H2a2a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK016 600 45,85% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1e2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK017 600 17,17% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H6a1b3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK018 600 68,31% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2a5~ / S359 U5b2a2a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK019 600 52,92% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA J1c3f
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK020 600 47,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5b2b3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK021 600 48,65% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK022 600 4,91% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 J1c3c (?)
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK023 600 32,02% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1 / L23 J1c3f
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK024 600 15,66% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b2a / L39 / I2a1b2a2b2a / BY14039 U5a1b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK025 600 45,68% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b / S493 H4a1a4b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK026 600 12,31% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK027 600 29,93% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a / S498 H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK028 600 52,05% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a1a2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK029 600 47,20% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H39
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK030 600 58,75% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK031 600 29,80% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H2a2a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK032 600 31,89% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1b1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK033 600 40,74% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a1a1+16362
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK034 600 58,86% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1bw
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK035 580 18,47% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b / L48 H6a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK036 600 34,68% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1e2c
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK037 600 48,84% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3579 H3b6
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK038 600 61,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2 / Z58 H
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK039 480 57,07% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA X2l
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK040 600 55,77% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 J2a1a1a2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK041 600 50,16% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK042 600 43,51% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 H5a1c1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK043 600 50,14% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK044 600 55,55% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK045 600 59,61% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T1a1c
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK046 600 53,25% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA K2a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK047 600 44,37% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK048 578 59,48% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 H1a5
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK049 600 62,63% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2a7~ / CTS11567 H3k1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK050 600 61,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a2a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK051 600 39,09% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / FGC10273 V1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK052 600 58,71% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2a1a1b~ / A9128 W4a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK053 600 44,12% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b1a2b1a1~ / S25248 H1c2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK054 600 11,43% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA I4a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK055 600 58,42% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 U5a1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK056 600 50,27% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a1b1d1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK057 600 52,43% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK058 600 53,85% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA HV2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK059 485 56,51% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a / S498 H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK060 600 22,60% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 T1a1+@152
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK061 600 2,55% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA V+@72 (?)
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK062 600 59,75% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA K1a+195
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK063 600 11,52% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK064 600 58,48% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 T1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK065 600 10,74% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK066 600 45,83% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK067 600 40,38% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H24a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK068 600 15,44% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b1~ / CTS5279 T1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK069 600 51,87% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H2a1g
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK070 600 35,14% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 J2a1a1a2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK071 600 49,09% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5b3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK072 600 0,24% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA NA
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK073 600 58,86% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1a2a1a1a / Z141 / I1a2a1a1a1a2b~ / S1990 H1c2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK074 600 28,39% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2a1a6
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU001 720 57,17% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA HV+16311
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU002 750 43,06% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA U2e2a
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU003 831 62,44% 52.81474, 8.192343 M R1a1a1b1a3a2b1~ / YP1258 H11a2a
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU004 750 47,24% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA U5b1c2b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU005 750 23,93% 52.81474, 8.192343 M I1~ / FGC7747 H4a1a4b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU006 855 72,28% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA K1a+195
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU007 750 47,92% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H51
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU008 750 1,46% 52.81474, 8.192343 F (cont) NA T2b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU009 750 36,23% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA K1a4a1a2b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU010 750 0,14% 52.81474, 8.192343 F (cont) NA K2a11
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU011 831 39,96% 52.81474, 8.192343 M I1a~ / CTS9857 / I1a1b / L22 K
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU012 750 43,57% 52.81474, 8.192343 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a1a2b / FGC12057 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU013 750 66,55% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA K1a4d
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU014 795 67,90% 52.81474, 8.192343 M I1~ / Z2886 H17b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU015 792 61,26% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H31a
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU016 750 60,92% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA U3a1
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU017 750 71,64% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H1bd
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU018 750 71,67% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H31a
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN001.A 829 17,09% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b / CTS12478 U2e2a1a
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN001.B 829 28,11% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U2e2a1a
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN002 938 49,42% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 H1
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN003 800 0,79% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I / CTS8742 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN004 800 0,32% 53.596232, 7.645448 M BT / M9159 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN005 751 30,62% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I1~ / CTS8597 / I1a1b1 / L22 X
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN006 800 38,27% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 J2b2
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN007 714 54,94% 53.596232, 7.645448 F NA H1c3b
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN008 800 2,11% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I2 / AM00525 / I2a1a1b~ / Y4200 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN009 800 19,49% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 NA (H3au)
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN010 800 42,36% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a / S265 H1au1
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN011 723 70,95% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 U4b1b1
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN012 800 14,51% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I2a1b1~ / CTS7391 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN013 792 27,93% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H58
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN014 800 0,28% 53.596232, 7.645448 M BT / M9365 NA
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS001 630 84,46% 51.245326, 1.303369 F NA U5b1c2b
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS002 650 38,81% 51.245326, 1.303369 F NA U5b1c2b
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS004 601 34,66% 51.245326, 1.303369 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 H3+16311
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS005 650 1,16% 51.245326, 1.303369 M NA I2
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS006 650 65,33% 51.245326, 1.303369 M E1b1b1a1b1a / Page102 I4a
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY001 492 34,68% 52.400055, 0.260712 F NA J1c2b
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY002 477 87,14% 52.400055, 0.260712 F NA H1bb
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY003 600 46,64% 52.400055, 0.260712 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P311 HV9a1a
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY004 600 22,44% 52.400055, 0.260712 M I1~ / FGC3444 U5a1a1
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY005 490 94,67% 52.400055, 0.260712 M I1a2b1c1a~ / FGC30250 U5a1a1
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY006 600 44,07% 52.400055, 0.260712 F NA H26a
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO001 1093 62,54% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA H1a1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO002 885 67,70% 53.21728, 6.565521 M I2a1a1b1a1~ / Y4231 U5a1i1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO004 1100 16,30% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J1c2c
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO005 1040 68,54% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY192.1 U5b1b1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO006 1037 26,34% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA T2b
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO007 1008 78,23% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b / Z19 U7b
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO008 1013 68,39% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1e1a / S25186 J2b1a3
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO010 973 82,00% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO012 908 76,95% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1a1 / AM01884 T2b1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO013 883 80,51% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b3 / S23189 T1a1b
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO014 883 82,75% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO015 1050 74,89% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO016 1100 73,93% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b6 / S26063 J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO017 875 73,67% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b / L51 / R1b1a1b1a2a / CTS6889 J1b1a1+146C
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO019 945 32,40% 53.21728, 6.565521 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / CTS10743 / I2a1b1a2b1a1a2~ / Y7148 K1a4d
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO020 1100 16,39% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO021 818 66,77% 53.21728, 6.565521 M I1~ / FGC7747 / I1a1b1a1b3a~ / FGC21579 J1c
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO023 730 84,19% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b / Z350 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b4 / S3251.2 T2b8
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO024 1070 85,64% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1b1a1a~ / CTS8289 H3b7
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD001 573 93,23% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1i / FGC9657 U4c1a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD002 479 90,69% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA J1c5a1
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD003 500 38,71% 52.196792, 0.170347 M I1~ / CTS5887 / I1a2 / Z58 J1c2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD004 500 62,02% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA V10a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD005 500 93,27% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1b / S493 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 T2b13
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD006 476 12,86% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1b1a / S375 HV6
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD007 500 44,23% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA K1c1
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD008 500 62,31% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA H11a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD009 500 68,44% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1e2a / S25007 T2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD010 487 68,81% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA U5a2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD011 500 77,39% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1 / S509 K2a6
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD012 479 80,08% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA HV6
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD013 488 66,99% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA H2c
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD014 500 81,21% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA K1a4a1a2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD015 500 67,57% 52.196792, 0.170347 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2 / Z58 T2b24
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD016 522 67,08% 52.196792, 0.170347 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2 / Z58 J1c5a1
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD017 482 78,33% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a3a / DF100 H4a1a1a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD018 573 72,87% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 U4c1a
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID001.A 400 33,91% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID001.B 400 54,25% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID002.A 400 81,01% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2e / H15a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID002.B 400 59,27% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H15a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID003 479 16,95% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 T2b3+151
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID004 480 70,38% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 K1a4a1e
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN001 300 9,00% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 HV0f
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN002 300 47,81% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 F NA H2a2a1
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN003 300 11,83% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 H1af1b
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN004 300 62,87% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 J1c
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN005 300 78,12% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 H2a2a1b
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN006 300 54,49% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2a1c / S15627 U2e1
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN007 300 14,80% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M I1 / L843 H10e
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN008 300 55,90% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M I1~ / FGC10273 I4a1
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN009 300 0,30% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M (?) NA NA
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN010 300 29,23% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M I1 / Z2887 / I1a2 / Z58 H2a2a1
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I0531 705 16,87% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA I2c
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0763 500 15,38% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA H4a1a2a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0764 500 14,19% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA J1c2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0765 500 25,60% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA H5a1g1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0766 500 74,84% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA K2b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0767 500 20,16% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA J2a1a1c
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0768 500 6,95% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA K2b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0771 500 13,94% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA U5a1b
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0772 500 17,26% 52.26136, 0.06869 M I1a2a / Z59 H1b1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0775 500 13,86% 52.26136, 0.06869 M I1 / M253 J2a1a1a2
England Cambridgeshire Linton I0790 786 6,95% 52.0991, 0.277 M I1 / M253 U8b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Linton I0791 786 31,99% 52.0991, 0.277 F NA U8b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0792 750 10,73% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA T2f
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11567 600 7,81% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 K1a2a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11568 600 2,72% 50.5968, -2.0382 M I1 / M253 K1a2a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11569 600 23,57% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA T2a1a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11570 600 3,15% 50.5968, -2.0382 M NA U5b1
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11571 600 22,49% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA H11a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11573 600 5,03% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11574 600 6,22% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11575 600 0,66% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11576 600 8,15% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA H1bb
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11577 600 7,33% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 H1e1a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11578 600 4,26% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 H1bb
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11579 600 26,19% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA U5b2c1
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11580 600 2,34% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS241 T2a1a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11581 600 17,73% 50.5968, -2.0382 M I2a1a2a / L161.1 H5c
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11582 600 2,25% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1 / P297 T2a1a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11583 550 38,99% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1a2, R1b1a1b1a1a1c, R1b1a1b1a1a1d, R1b1a1b1a1a1e / FGC14875, S263, FGC396, S12025 H1c1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11584 525 30,18% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1a1, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b, R1b1a1b1a1a1d / S497, S352, Z159, S1743, FGC396 H1q
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11585 550 45,83% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H1b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11586 575 42,28% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c / S461 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5 / DF21 X2b4a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11587 550 54,18% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA U5a1a1e
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11588 550 19,63% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 K1d1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11589 550 62,28% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b2b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11590 550 53,88% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I2a1b2a / S154 K1a4a1a+195
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14533 600 55,00% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA T2
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14534 600 69,74% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA J1c3
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14535 600 56,36% 50.789115, 0.082351 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1a, R1b1a1b1a1a2b3c, R1b1a1b1a1a2c1, R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S255, PF6578, L21, S233 U5b1c1a1
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14536 600 59,52% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA K1c2
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14538 600 62,00% 50.789115, 0.082351 M R1b1a1b1a1a2b1a1 / S144 K2b1b
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14539 600 35,01% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA I3a
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14540 600 2,50% 50.789115, 0.082351 M NA X2b5
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14541 600 67,34% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA H5b
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14542 600 62,05% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA W1c
England Cornwall Bude, Widemouth Bay I16383 700 22,05% 50.789848, -4.554473 M I1 / M253 / I1a1b1 / L22 U5a2a1
England Cornwall Newquay, Crantock I16385 700 8,14% 50.40315, -5.112038 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1a1, R1b1a1b1a1a2e1b / L20, L1199 H7d2a
England Cornwall Newquay, Crantock I16389 700 15,82% 50.40315, -5.112038 M R1b1a1b1b / CTS1078 H1ad
England Yorkshire Clapdale, Fox Holes Cave I16392 715 14,02% 54.138487, -2.374045 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5c / S5488 H3g1
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I16508 655 61,69% 52.062352, -0.81617 M I1a3 / S243 J1c5
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I16509 636 69,37% 52.062352, -0.81617 M I1a1b1 / L22 U5b2a1b
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I16510 620 68,84% 52.062352, -0.81617 F NA H
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17268 780 57,38% 54.594544, -1.309398 M I1a2a / S246 H1a
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17269 750 60,02% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA J2a1a1a2
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17270 750 56,41% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA J1b1a1d
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17271 750 60,63% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA H5a6
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17272 550 55,54% 54.594544, -1.309398 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2 / S268 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b / S1743 H5
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17273 550 59,70% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA H1c2
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17274 550 58,51% 54.594544, -1.309398 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1 / S170 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1a1, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b / S352, Z159 T2e1
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17275 550 56,85% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA K1a4a1a+195
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17276 550 76,58% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA U5a1f1a1
England Durham Hartlepool, Olive Street I17277 750 57,50% 54.697647, -1.181035 M R1b1a1b1a1a2e / S232 / R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S233 K2a6
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20597 570 4,40% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA H5b1
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20598 492 1,64% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA H1a1
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20600 542 0,56% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 U5a2d
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20601 525 5,57% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA H1ag1
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20602 630 8,91% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b, R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / Z19, L21 H1+16189
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20603 650 3,63% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 T2b+150
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20604 500 0,27% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 U NA NA
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20605 500 18,21% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA T2c1d+152
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20607 550 19,88% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b1 / L23 / R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 K1a4d
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20608 522 11,18% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 I1
England Dorset Worth Matravers I20636 600 3,07% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I20637 600 45,28% 50.5968, -2.0382 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2b / S296.1 J1c1b1a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20638 550 44,03% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a / DF29^^ / I1a2b / S296.1 H1+16278
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20639 550 45,94% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2b / S296.1 H59a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20640 550 76,80% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2a / S246 U5a1a1d
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20641 550 64,90% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I2a1b2a / S154 H1a3b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20642 525 8,27% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA K1a4a1a+195
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20643 550 30,76% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H7
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20644 550 80,70% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 H1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20645 550 24,48% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 H1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20646 550 65,90% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2b / S296.1 T2f1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20648_d 550 1,34% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20649 525 58,17% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2a / S246 U2e2a1a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20650 575 67,92% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 H1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20651_d 525 0,74% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20652 550 83,12% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c, R1b1a1b1a1a1d / S263, FGC396 K2a7
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20653 550 47,20% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA K1c2
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20654 500 79,69% 54.170989, -0.605739 M J2b / M12 / J2b1 / M205 T1a3a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20655 550 69,55% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b4+152
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20656 550 72,64% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2b / S296.1 I4a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20657_d 550 1,47% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20658 575 74,45% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b33
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20659 550 72,68% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA J1c2e
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20660 550 71,70% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H10e
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20661 550 72,16% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2b / S296.1 T2b4a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20663 550 1,06% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20665_d 525 2,01% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20666 550 14,34% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1 / M253 J1c3f
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20667 525 28,94% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H6a1b3
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20668 575 74,04% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA V+@16298
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20669 550 22,41% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H6a1b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20670 525 71,08% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b2b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20671 550 77,08% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 J1c2
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20672 550 13,88% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA I1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20673 550 54,19% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1a1a1 / M417 / R1a1a1b1a2b, R1a1a1b2a / CTS1211, S340 T2f1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20674 550 66,13% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a3 / S243 T2f1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20675_d 550 3,82% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20676 550 30,65% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA U5a2c3
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20677 525 79,52% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 H1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20678 550 65,25% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA U5a1b3
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20679 550 78,28% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 X2b4
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20680 525 74,20% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2+16189
England Lincolnshire Lincoln, Lincoln Castle I3011 1053 33,33% 53.234533, -0.540804 M T1a1a / L208 H1a3
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I3037 680 55,13% 52.062352, -0.81617 F NA W
England Lincolnshire Lincoln, Lincoln Castle I3044 1055 67,28% 53.234533, -0.540804 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a / S271 U4a1b
England Lincolnshire Lincoln, Lincoln Castle I3045 1053 3,41% 53.234533, -0.540804 M NA H4a1a2
England Yorkshire Ribblesdale, Selside Grike I3056 720 35,86% 54.160599, -2.328012 F NA U5a2c3a
England Kent Folkestone, Dover Hill I5372_d 525 0,63% 51.094068, 1.193037 M NA R
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND001 600 47,10% 50.846122, 6.357818 M G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2a1a / S23438 / G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2a1a3b~ / Z44118 U5b2a1a2
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND002 600 79,16% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S233 V3c
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND003 600 62,41% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S139 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 / T2b
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND004 600 51,95% 50.846122, 6.357818 F NA U8b1b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND005 600 74,23% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 T2g1a1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND006 600 45,41% 50.846122, 6.357818 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3570 H13a1a
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND007 600 75,40% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY.192.1 J2b1a1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND008 600 61,63% 50.846122, 6.357818 M G2a2b2a1a1b1a / CTS11352 / G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2a1a / S23438 H2a2
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND009 600 55,47% 50.846122, 6.357818 M E1b1b1a1b1a / PF2211 R0a (?)
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND010 600 61,49% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1a1a~ / F3337 / R1a1a1a1d2b~ / Y290 H8c
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND011 600 20,87% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U5b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND012 600 69,91% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U5b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND013 600 74,76% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS241 H3b1b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND014 600 55,18% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1b3a1a1 / CTS9219 T2
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND015 600 12,79% 50.846122, 6.357818 M G2a2 / CTS4367 / G2a2b2a / P303 H3h3 (?)
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND016 600 11,17% 50.846122, 6.357818 M I1~ / FGC7747 T2f1a1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND017 600 58,53% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 / S139 U3a1
Germany Lower Saxony Issendorf ISS001 336 11,79% 53.48764, 9.513178 F NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Issendorf ISS002 475 20,76% 53.48764, 9.513178 M I1 / CTS11534 T2e
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL001 950 71,55% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA T2b+152
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL002 950 13,48% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U1a1a3
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL003 950 65,87% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA H3as
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL004 950 72,27% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U5a1f1a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL006 950 76,74% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA H4a1a3a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL007 950 7,17% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c / Z260 T2b19b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL008 950 21,56% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA U4a1a2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL009 950 68,20% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1 / DF104^^ K1a4a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL012 950 70,86% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 V3
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL013 950 70,65% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA H13a1a4
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL014 950 43,43% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a / DF109 J1c1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL015 950 17,15% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 V10a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL016 950 78,66% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2b2a / CTS3087 J1c
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL017 950 1,75% 54.00684, -8.202308 M CT / M9032 H1o
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL018 950 2,87% 54.00684, -8.202308 M I2a1a2~ / AM01260 H1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL019 950 3,34% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b / L1348 K1c2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL020 950 4,58% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4b2c1 / Z2186 V1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL021 950 17,47% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA NA
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL022 950 72,55% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a2a1 / F1265.2 U4b1b2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL023 950 76,05% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA J2a1a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL024 950 4,93% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 J1c3f
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL025 950 77,51% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1~ / L21 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 U5a1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL026 950 53,54% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2b3a1a / FGC11788 T2b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL027 950 73,44% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a2~ / S1307 H7a1b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL028 950 60,86% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA K2b1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL030 950 8,24% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 U5a1a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL031 950 7,71% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA T2e
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL032 950 47,14% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U4a1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL033 950 76,62% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1 / DF104^^ K1a4a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL034 950 65,95% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4c / S10707 H3ao
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL035 950 55,80% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H1b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL037 950 79,57% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1 / DF104^^ H13a1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL038 950 8,17% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 I4a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL041 950 61,06% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a / DF109 V3a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL042 950 63,45% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA J1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL043 950 72,55% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY192.1 I2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL044 950 74,09% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a / DF105 U5b2c2b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL045 950 4,27% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 U5a1g
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL047 950 67,16% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN001 1150 51,55% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H3v+16093
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN002 1150 38,89% 55.675268, 12.568294 M R1a1a1b1a3a1a / CTS4179 HV9a1a
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN003 1150 70,00% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H31
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN004 1150 60,29% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H2a1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN005 1150 45,30% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA U2e2a1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN006 1150 55,76% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA T2b5a1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN007 1150 56,88% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H1b
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN008 1150 44,54% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H3h
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN009 1150 34,65% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA W1+119
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN010 1150 0,95% 55.675268, 12.568294 M BT / M8947 / I / CTS11540 I2
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN011 1150 64,99% 55.675268, 12.568294 M G2a2b2a1a1b1a / CTS11605 H6a1a
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN012 1150 69,80% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H10c1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN013 1150 47,89% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA I2d
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN014 1150 59,06% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA HV+16311
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN015 1150 36,56% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA V3c
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK001 571 80,71% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I2a1b1a2b1a1~ / CTS1977 H2a1g
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK002 480 82,62% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I1a2 / Z58 J1c2c2
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK003 475 67,38% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U2e1g
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK004 483 68,34% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3579 / I2a1b1a2b1a2b3~ / Y17504 H23
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK005 500 71,95% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA T2b
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK006 500 77,39% 52.413832, 0.521962 M (XXY) I2a1a1b1a1a~ / Y4252 K1c1
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK007 570 81,41% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1a1 / L163 H6a1a3
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK008 490 62,36% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA H5a1g1a
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK009 500 76,61% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I1a2 / Z58 K1a1b2a1a
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK010 522 72,53% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 J1c4
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK011 506 78,61% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA T2b4+152
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK012 493 78,82% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA V3a1
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK013 500 69,94% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a2 / S21728 J1c2c
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK014 500 62,63% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA K1a1b2a1a
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK015 500 68,34% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3579 / I2a1b1a2b1a2a1a1a1a1a / Z190 J1c4
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK016 473 0,00% 52.413832, 0.521962 M BT / M9005 H1 (?)
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU001 550 0,13% 52.605277, 9.090713 F NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU002 550 0,18% 52.605277, 9.090713 M BT / M9143 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU003 550 0,21% 52.605277, 9.090713 M BT / M9336 / I / U179 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU004 550 0,13% 52.605277, 9.090713 F? NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU005 550 0,31% 52.605277, 9.090713 M NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU006 860 17,90% 52.605277, 9.090713 F NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU007 550 0,33% 52.605277, 9.090713 F? NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU008 550 0,18% 52.605277, 9.090713 M BT / M9356 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU009 550 0,10% 52.605277, 9.090713 F? NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU010 550 2,25% 52.605277, 9.090713 M I1 / Z2885 / I1a3 / S243 NA
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM001 536 88,06% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA H5a1
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM002 493 79,44% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA J1c3
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM003 469 72,85% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA U5b2b3
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM004 592 68,89% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA K2a6
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM005 533 97,12% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA U4a1a
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM006 468 45,41% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA H1
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM007 519 82,31% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA H5b1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI001 500 57,77% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a1a1 / CTS2509 J2a1a1a2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI002 500 30,30% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1 / CTS7650 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2a / S1688 HV9a1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI003 500 58,27% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA H5a1g1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI004 559 97,25% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA K2b1a1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI005 500 93,03% 52.260128, 0.061219 M I1a2a2a1~ / FGC12742 U5b2b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI006 596 41,68% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 X2b4a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI007 559 89,22% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA J2a1a1c
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI008 541 79,85% 52.260128, 0.061219 M I1a2a / Z59 H4a1a1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI009 494 76,92% 52.260128, 0.061219 M I1a2 / Z58 H18b
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI010 481 72,93% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA H24a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI011 500 79,85% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA T2+16189
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI012 476 75,04% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5b1a1a / S281 I2a2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI013 490 75,06% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 U4a2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI015 497 70,23% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA V
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI016 483 66,31% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA H1+16189
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI017 500 34,83% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA V1a
England Kent Polhill POH001 632 32,49% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L11 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2 / S511 J1c3f
England Kent Polhill POH002 700 46,38% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA K1a13a
England Kent Polhill POH003 700 65,15% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2a1d2 / DF94 H11a2a
England Kent Polhill POH004 610 68,67% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA H24a
England Kent Polhill POH005 720 59,03% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA K1d
England Kent Polhill POH006 709 31,16% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1a1a1b1 / PF6217 / R1a1a1b1a3a1~ / H3
England Kent Polhill POH007 700 55,04% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA V2b
England Kent Polhill POH008 573 68,56% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a / PF6543 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1b / FGC7559 J2a1a1a2
England Kent Polhill POH009 624 65,64% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a4b1 / S387 U4b1b1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED001 775 1,60% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA NA
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED003 720 41,35% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2f~ / Z154 H5
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED004 775 64,54% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA H
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED005 775 62,42% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a / S1159 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY192.1 H5a1c1a
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED006 751 22,93% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1a1a1~ / M782 / R1a1a1b1a3a1 / L448 NA
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED007 775 7,33% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I1~ / FGC3444 / I1a2a2 / Z2041 H1a1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED008 775 50,48% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA H1g1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED009 769 41,19% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I1~ / FGC7747 / I1a2a1a1d1a1a1b1~ / S14669 H10a1a1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED010 775 33,87% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA T2b11
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED011 -277 2,13% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1 / M694 T2
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED012 775 13,09% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA J1c1b1a
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED013 775 63,01% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA U5b2a1b
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED014 795 51,90% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I1a2a1a1a / Z141 H5b2
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED015 775 21,44% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA K1a+195
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED016 796 36,83% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA U3a1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED017 775 41,37% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / CTS10743 T2b13
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED018 775 49,82% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a / S229 H1b5
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED019 775 28,26% 52.899651, 0.544309 M NA H1bh
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED020 829 70,53% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a1a / S1217 V
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED021 749 24,91% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a / S229 V
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS001 792 14,03% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS002 800 1,87% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1a1a1~ / CTS5979 / R1a1a1a1d~, R1a1a1b1a3a1a1a1a1a~ / YP284, Y20050 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS003 800 49,92% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1a1a1~ / F3551 / R1a1a1a1d2b~, R1a1a1b1a3a2b1b1 / Y290, Y29905 T1a1a1
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS004 781 67,08% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a1a / S1741 H6a1a2b1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG001 1140 80,41% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 U5a1b1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG002 1175 86,08% 54.520535, 9.559718 F NA J2a1a1a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG003 1140 55,88% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1~ / S471 K1c2
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG004 1105 71,32% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2a2a5~ / Y5385 K1b2a2
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG005 1105 66,32% 54.520535, 9.559718 F NA K1a13
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG006 1105 78,68% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a1a1~ / S1217 U5a1c1a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG007 1105 71,74% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1~ / FGC7747 / I1a3a2b / Y21381 H1a1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG008 1140 80,30% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1a2 / Z58 H5a1c1a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG009 1105 19,12% 54.520535, 9.559718 M NO1 / CTS8274 H2a2a1c
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG010 1105 57,94% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I2a1b1a2b1~ / FGC3587 H1c2
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG011 1105 51,46% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a / L51 J2b1a3
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG012 1105 70,00% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a~ / Z335 H7a1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG013 1175 69,44% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a1a2 / Z8175 U8a1b
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG014 1105 8,01% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P311 H11a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG015 1105 51,43% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2a1a1d1a / S247 V+@16298
Germany Lower Saxony Zetel ZET001 735 8,46% 53.418071, 7.973378 M R1b1a1b / PF6527 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Zetel ZET002 750 0,68% 53.418071, 7.973378 F NA K1a4a1a

[J.S.]

Date, coverage and haplogroup of the samples



If there are Frankish samples, can you post them?

[J. Ketch]

Great to finally have the paper as a reference, although basically just confirming what we'd seen in the previews. The question of Norse/Danish influence vs Anglo-Saxon still remains vague, and I still can't get my head around the France IA influence, when and where exactly most of it came to England. From how evenly it's spread over the bulk of England, parallel with Anglo-Saxon ancestry, you would think it came early-ish, mostly alongside Anglo-Saxons as part of the Frankish influence the paper mentions, but then it's not seen in the early medieval sites outside Southern England below the Thames. However that is possibly just a sampling issue, since Frankish objects are found in good numbers in the Midlands, East Anglia, and East Yorkshire. I personally don't believe the majority of France IA ancestry in English came after 1066 with Normans, although no doubt a significant percentage of it did. 40+% French in East Anglia coming with Normans is just not credible IMO, there is no historical or other evidence that it was a hotspot of Norman/French migration in the later Middle Ages, let alone having such a drastic population replacement.

https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05247-2/MediaObjects/41586_2022_5247_Fig5_HTML.png?as=webp
https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05247-2/MediaObjects/41586_2022_5247_Fig12_ESM.jpg?as=webp
https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05247-2/MediaObjects/41586_2022_5247_Fig13_ESM.jpg?as=webp

[J. Ketch]

That finally puts the basic ancestral proportions of the English to rest though. I've been frustrated for years with the inadequacy of earlier studies on this question, particularly the 2016 Schiffels paper that extrapolated the English to be mainly native Briton from a few Celtic and Anglo-Saxon samples, which many people took as gospel. We can finally acknowledge that the English are not mostly Brittonic; are heavily Germanic and Anglo-Saxon; are a different people to Welsh and Scottish; and are transitional between them and Dutch/Flemish.

[Russki]

That finally puts the basic ancestral proportions of the English to rest though. I've been frustrated for years with the inadequacy of earlier studies on this question, particularly the 2016 Schiffels paper that extrapolated the English to be mainly native Briton from a few Celtic and Anglo-Saxon samples, which many people took as gospel. We can finally acknowledge that the English are not mostly Brittonic; are heavily Germanic and Anglo-Saxon; are a different people to Welsh and Scottish; and are transitional between them and Dutch/Flemish.


If you take West Germanic as simply Germanic rather than Gaulish-Jastorf mix.

Otherwise it's 1/3 Jastorf, 1/3 Gaul, 1/3 native Briton (simplified).

[J. Ketch]

If you take West Germanic as simply Germanic rather than Gaulish-Jastorf mix.

Otherwise it's 1/3 Jastorf, 1/3 Gaul, 1/3 native Briton (simplified).
I take Germanic as equivalent to CNE/Lower Saxony EMA, which if you look at figure 13b above is about 40-45% on average for England, with around 30% native Briton (with much variation), and about 25-30% Gaulish, with East Anglia being an outlier there.

'West Germanic' is irrelevant to genetic discussion, West Germanic ranges from Austrians to Frisians to British.

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Modern-day Northwest Europeans vs their IA counterparts

https://i.imgur.com/IQ7OaJj.png
https://i.imgur.com/gM6s7Is.png
https://i.imgur.com/ob8laSR.png


Denmark_Pre-Viking,0.1252055,0.1291415,0.065618833,0.0544255,0 .042520667,0.019104,0.002976667,0.007999667,0.0062 72,-0.007228833,-0.004953,0.001948333,-0.0077055,-0.003509167,0.017326667,0.0012375,-0.0122125,0.002639333,0.004315667,0.001604833,0.00 57815,0.004265833,-0.001561167,0.008495167,0.0002395
England_IA,0.129338492,0.135044578,0.060620611,0.0 46992529,0.039762672,0.01626025,0.00253975,0.00453 5734,0.007257217,0.006301348,-0.004834508,0.006446139,-0.015074443,-0.014870615,0.021278619,0.006059992,-0.00585393,0.001578922,0.001392918,0.003102902,0.0 05560369,0.00365693,-0.002250283,0.005456922,-0.000703258
France_North_IA,0.128620105,0.140784368,0.05519847 4,0.034527,0.042712263,0.010436368,0.001645,0.0030 84842,0.010000105,0.011970158,-0.001487053,0.005560895,-0.011853737,-0.007960474,0.013957789,0.001723684,-0.009765053,0.003033842,0.003989211,0.000645053,0. 000735579,0.002746421,-0.000901737,-0.003824211,-0.001058789
Germany_North_Roman,0.11837588,0.13087637,0.066891 75,0.062944625,0.041546125,0.023461625,-0.0035545,0.00775925,0.003604625,-0.00829175,-0.00576475,0.004065125,-0.006559625,-0.0109925,0.02563425,0.011618125,-0.009876625,-0.00007925,0.004258125,0.00925425,0.008625375,0.00 5116,0.000446625,0.011733625,-0.001077625
Netherlands_IA,0.130327333,0.127449,0.063104667,0. 062554333,0.037801833,0.016872667,0.003994833,0.00 3153667,-0.001158833,-0.008473833,-0.005142333,0.0071685,-0.013899667,-0.016904667,0.024927333,0.0028065,-0.0039765,-0.000865833,0.0022835,0.005502833,0.006239,0.00521 4,0.002095167,0.0092985,-0.001097667
Norway_Pre-Viking,0.1257745,0.127449167,0.0739785,0.0646,0.04 2674667,0.023752167,0.0061885,0.0101535,0.00286316 7,-0.010995,-0.003951333,0.001024167,-0.0059465,-0.007959333,0.021579333,0.010076667,-0.004042,0.002766167,0.003435833,0.005398333,0.009 213,0.000144167,-0.000493,0.007952833,0.003153333
Scotland_IA,0.130177737,0.131430895,0.062423526,0. 057732,0.034548895,0.021357263,0.003364316,0.00572 0368,0.002422,0.000508316,-0.004213579,0.006641421,-0.014263632,-0.015268895,0.025208263,0.005827,-0.013429526,0.001500211,0.000899789,0.004719421,0. 006619895,0.004497,-0.000895316,0.007166421,-0.000296158
Sweden_Pre-Viking,0.126913,0.127957,0.0705215,0.062662,0.0457 005,0.0211955,0.0019975,0.006923,0.0065445,-0.006652,0.000812,0.002248,-0.004534,-0.0009635,0.019408,0.0018565,-0.010887,0.0023435,0.007353,0.003877,0.0016225,0.0 041425,0.0013555,0.0159055,0.0007185
BelgianA,0.1297584,0.14061713,0.054506467,0.031374 067,0.0383046,0.0141306,0.003666,0.0055537333,0.00 68038667,0.0068521333,-0.0049906667,0.0051554,-0.011337933,-0.0056976667,0.014793533,-0.00067193333,-0.0108306,0.0013006667,0.0024972667,-0.00021686667,0.003552,0.0025225333,0.00059153333, 0.0080732,0.00058273333
BelgianB,0.12846827,0.141091,0.0504586,0.0280364,0 .0386328,0.010504733,0.0035093333,0.0049998,0.0063 402667,0.011517267,-0.0041354667,0.0040963333,-0.0108522,-0.010908867,0.0125768,0.0050118667,-0.0021556667,0.0024407333,0.0013660667,0.000275066 67,0.0038515333,0.0034376,-0.00070653333,0.0093023333,-0.0022032667
BelgianC,0.1268748,0.14298667,0.0532494,0.02314833 3,0.0405818,0.0095009333,0.00141,0.0047384,0.01082 6067,0.014396533,-0.0031611333,0.0063144667,-0.012269467,-0.0093032,0.012033867,0.0017148,-0.0049545333,0.0010978667,0.0015922,0.00036666667, 0.0027284,0.0028440667,-0.0011420667,0.0093344667,-0.0019318667
Danish,0.13124785,0.13506538,0.066377901,0.0524376 54,0.041302938,0.019456938,0.0051584444,0.00740140 74,0.0034365185,-0.002558,-0.0053588148,0.0034801852,-0.008506679,-0.0070934691,0.018669111,0.0061171358,-0.0065192593,0.0020474198,0.0032402099,0.004346172 8,0.0056396914,0.0024348889,0.00069234568,0.013773 951,0.00020109877
Dutch,0.1274407,0.13417834,0.060271163,0.04407588, 0.040843518,0.016397428,0.005402259,0.0072633133,0 .0042087289,0.0019244518,-0.0056346506,0.0044274036,-0.0098456265,-0.0086760542,0.01783003,0.0056230843,-0.0065161145,0.0017476928,0.003908741,0.0028160723 ,0.004480006,0.0033848193,-0.0000051385542,0.013892114,-0.00065574699
English,0.13185505,0.137043,0.061788263,0.044013,0 .039229947,0.016748105,0.0049844737,0.0057447895,0 .0052637368,0.0056781053,-0.0047690526,0.0056161053,-0.012589211,-0.010350737,0.020615263,0.0035520526,-0.010368895,0.004094,0.003685,0.0029618947,0.00593 68947,0.0034036316,-0.0032693158,0.013793842,0.000031578947
English_Cornwall,0.13019623,0.13975246,0.061354615 ,0.043182615,0.041901308,0.016411538,0.0034346154, 0.0063902308,0.0064819231,0.0069669231,-0.0046342308,0.0064787692,-0.013745462,-0.010247615,0.020754846,0.003172,-0.012527,0.0021146154,0.0037613077,0.0032419231,0. 0048087692,0.0038712308,-0.00075838462,0.014367077,0.00069092308
French_Brittany,0.13146573,0.13834055,0.05785035,0 .039284875,0.03916875,0.015813075,0.0031549,0.0042 1135,0.008186,0.0094899,-0.005131425,0.005590025,-0.01436805,-0.013101675,0.0183426,0.004398675,-0.007301575,0.0012795,-0.00046195,0.001772675,0.0044671,0.00178685,-0.00125405,0.010546525,0.0006586
French_Nord,0.12827521,0.14054315,0.051357061,0.02 5605091,0.038272818,0.0088906061,0.0010966667,0.00 44193939,0.0083730303,0.012016636,-0.003484,0.0040328182,-0.010861303,-0.0081823333,0.011199091,0.0025432121,-0.0046069394,0.0022266364,0.004094697,0.0010307879 ,0.0021326667,0.0015249394,-0.0015724242,0.007470697,0.000014545455
French_Paris,0.12717136,0.14143555,0.050431273,0.0 23990091,0.040902727,0.0093048182,0.0027985455,0.0 054543636,0.011602182,0.018173909,-0.0077060909,0.0068120909,-0.012906545,-0.010384364,0.013769545,0.0060630909,-0.0018255455,0.0046643636,0.0027081818,-0.00097781818,0.0022007273,0.0035747273,-0.0012325455,0.011140545,-0.0019050909
French_Pas-de-Calais,0.12786133,0.140482,0.054305333,0.026809,0. 042161667,0.012736333,0.0041516667,0.0013073333,0. 0085216667,0.012452667,-0.0080113333,0.002198,-0.010009667,-0.012019,0.013662667,0.008132,-0.000478,0.001816,-0.003645,0.004252,0.0099826667,0.0014426667,-0.002547,0.0059043333,-0.001437
French_Seine-Maritime,0.1360185,0.1370965,0.0452545,0.0295545,0 .039084,0.0167335,0.00423,-0.000692,0.003988,0.006014,-0.003735,0.0074935,-0.0075815,-0.0016515,0.0142505,0.0035135,-0.0079535,-0.002344,0.0009425,-0.0050025,0.0039305,0.0055025,0.000863,0.0042775,-0.0044905
German,0.13026259,0.13737923,0.057981114,0.0387068 48,0.040003494,0.015646139,0.0040665316,0.00578648 1,0.003526038,0.00188,-0.0044132911,0.0023732152,-0.0053705949,-0.0025417089,0.0085125063,0.0032912911,-0.0032727975,0.0016630506,0.0033668734,0.001719126 6,0.0031399873,0.0020050253,0.000071810127,0.00830 51772,0.00027741772
German_Erlangen,0.1285691,0.13723285,0.056162791,0 .038075433,0.038592642,0.015097493,0.0042230299,0. 005441806,0.0040996418,-0.00011149254,-0.0031192985,0.0012100746,-0.0037031493,0.001891791,0.004430194,0.0018166567,-0.0018311493,0.0018001194,0.0031105672,0.000597253 73,-0.00031471642,0.001360194,0.0018303582,0.006702820 9,0.0000017164179
German_Hamburg,0.12828529,0.13399012,0.063467176,0 .048526,0.040061706,0.020375471,0.0075617647,0.009 1082941,0.0029597059,-0.0035588824,-0.0038781765,0.000088176471,-0.0025097059,0.00075288235,0.0094365294,0.00326794 12,-0.0045557647,0.0025561765,0.0039926471,0.000684235 29,0.0017395294,0.0015565882,0.0027185294,0.007350 3529,-0.0010354118
Icelandic,0.13269867,0.13362667,0.067819,0.0563096 67,0.039366333,0.022961917,0.0033488333,0.00851883 33,0.0026418333,0.000060666667,-0.0054805833,0.00517025,-0.0063675,-0.0090830833,0.0230725,0.0052924167,-0.011690917,0.0019109167,0.0017389167,0.0038873333 ,0.0092545,0.00280275,-0.00084216667,0.014017917,0.00082825
Irish,0.13336052,0.13409771,0.061168941,0.0488642, 0.037787988,0.019351706,0.0032928118,0.0047128706, 0.0035683294,0.0029264588,-0.0069711882,0.0058395412,-0.014189188,-0.014076341,0.025935306,0.0052146235,-0.011145553,0.0018944353,0.00059741176,0.0017758,0 .0051145412,0.0012787059,0.00029287059,0.014407353 ,0.00066074118
Norwegian,0.1320917,0.1294546,0.068051375,0.054530 475,0.040322775,0.019870925,0.004159525,0.00609192 5,0.00615105,-0.002286975,-0.004644425,0.004275025,-0.009235525,-0.0101497,0.02025285,0.006556575,-0.007200425,0.0033097,0.00297585,0.00410815,0.0056 80575,0.004089825,0.0008873,0.01410725,-0.00006885
Orcadian,0.1306689,0.1342528,0.0629793,0.04845,0.0 387149,0.0175423,0.001786,0.0039229,0.0050312,0.00 1786,-0.0068367,0.0048108,-0.0119078,-0.0108308,0.0223531,0.0030364,-0.0123864,0.0034712,0.0026774,0.0003001,0.0049539, 0.0022504,-0.0021567,0.0100374,-0.0005988
Scottish,0.13146568,0.13423125,0.062265357,0.04704 2643,0.039105964,0.017281214,0.0035502143,0.005175 6071,0.0035718929,0.0028246429,-0.0056140357,0.0050473214,-0.011680607,-0.011973143,0.023023964,0.0031253571,-0.011254929,0.0027736429,0.0025499286,0.0014516071 ,0.0042246071,0.0033076429,-0.00065589286,0.013556071,-0.00076982143
Shetlandic,0.13431133,0.133373,0.060842,0.04791166 7,0.040417667,0.019429333,0.00423,0.0046923333,0.0 03545,-0.0041306667,-0.0039513333,0.006744,-0.011545667,-0.012615333,0.021308,0.0026076667,-0.0087356667,0.001436,0.002975,-0.0024596667,0.0032026667,0.0026793333,0.006285333 3,0.018797667,0.0026743333
Swedish,0.1321925,0.12588546,0.072642386,0.0589714 85,0.040263287,0.020789812,0.0063799901,0.00929434 65,0.0036490396,-0.0066633168,-0.0042028317,0.00053264356,-0.0030453168,-0.0033520198,0.014593317,0.0058654752,-0.0051056733,0.0016218713,0.0029906733,0.005014772 3,0.0067726832,0.0025256436,0.0012532178,0.0115940 2,0.00021221782
Welsh,0.1319779,0.13816285,0.0601319,0.0430236,0.0 4059215,0.0166218,0.0033135,0.00639205,0.0062789,0 .0043372,-0.00423025,0.00591215,-0.0129112,-0.01097545,0.02059545,0.00570795,-0.00870315,0.00235635,0.003086,0.00200715,0.004984 9,0.0038518,-0.00001235,0.0112243,0.00080825

[J.S.]

Modern-day Northwest Europeans vs their IA counterparts



Actually, French North IA is rather Eastern than really Northern.

[Tongio]

Date, coverage and haplogroup of the samples


Country Region Site Sample Date Coverage Lat and Long Sex Y-DNA mtDNA
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN001 829 72,36% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H56
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN002 750 71,00% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a U5a2c3a
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN003 770 70,11% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN004 750 22,76% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a2 / S21728 H5e1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN005 856 76,97% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN006 750 76,75% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA J1b1a1b
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN007 750 75,30% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 V
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN008 883 78,96% 52.359733, 9.869503 M I1~ / CTS8597 H3af
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN009 750 69,00% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN010 750 75,20% 52.359733, 9.869503 M J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1~ / CTS9038 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN011 750 69,49% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA K1a4a1a2a
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN012 750 2,56% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b / PF6527 H+195+146
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN013 715 68,88% 52.359733, 9.869503 M I2a1b1a2b1a1a~ / FGC33292 H1a1c
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN014 750 75,75% 52.359733, 9.869503 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 H
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN015 750 78,65% 52.359733, 9.869503 F NA H1e
Germany Lower Saxony Hannover-Anderten ADN016 750 0,16% 52.359733, 9.869503 F? NA W1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK001 600 43,46% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 HV9a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK002 600 31,23% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1e1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK003 600 48,04% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1g1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK004 600 18,96% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1g1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK005 498 59,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T1a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK006 600 29,11% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 H4a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK007 600 30,47% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 H24a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK008 485 38,86% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA V2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK009 600 58,37% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 J1b1a1b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK010 600 52,85% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a1a / S1741 HV9
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK011 600 34,88% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 J1c3f
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK012 600 21,21% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 H105a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK013 463 0,20% 51.139792, 1.30071 M NA NA
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK014 600 9,25% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK015 600 8,53% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / FGC10273 H2a2a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK016 600 45,85% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1e2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK017 600 17,17% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H6a1b3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK018 600 68,31% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2a5~ / S359 U5b2a2a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK019 600 52,92% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA J1c3f
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK020 600 47,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5b2b3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK021 600 48,65% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK022 600 4,91% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 J1c3c (?)
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK023 600 32,02% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1 / L23 J1c3f
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK024 600 15,66% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b2a / L39 / I2a1b2a2b2a / BY14039 U5a1b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK025 600 45,68% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b / S493 H4a1a4b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK026 600 12,31% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK027 600 29,93% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a / S498 H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK028 600 52,05% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a1a2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK029 600 47,20% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H39
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK030 600 58,75% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK031 600 29,80% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H2a2a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK032 600 31,89% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1b1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK033 600 40,74% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a1a1+16362
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK034 600 58,86% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1bw
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK035 580 18,47% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b / L48 H6a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK036 600 34,68% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1e2c
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK037 600 48,84% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3579 H3b6
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK038 600 61,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2 / Z58 H
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK039 480 57,07% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA X2l
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK040 600 55,77% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b / S511 J2a1a1a2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK041 600 50,16% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK042 600 43,51% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 H5a1c1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK043 600 50,14% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK044 600 55,55% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2b
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK045 600 59,61% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T1a1c
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK046 600 53,25% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA K2a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK047 600 44,37% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK048 578 59,48% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 H1a5
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK049 600 62,63% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2a7~ / CTS11567 H3k1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK050 600 61,81% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a2a1a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK051 600 39,09% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / FGC10273 V1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK052 600 58,71% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2a1a1b~ / A9128 W4a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK053 600 44,12% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b1a2b1a1~ / S25248 H1c2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK054 600 11,43% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA I4a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK055 600 58,42% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 U5a1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK056 600 50,27% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5a1b1d1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK057 600 52,43% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK058 600 53,85% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA HV2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK059 485 56,51% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a / S498 H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK060 600 22,60% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 T1a1+@152
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK061 600 2,55% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA V+@72 (?)
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK062 600 59,75% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA K1a+195
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK063 600 11,52% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK064 600 58,48% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 T1a1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK065 600 10,74% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK066 600 45,83% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H1c3a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK067 600 40,38% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H24a
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK068 600 15,44% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I2a1b1~ / CTS5279 T1
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK069 600 51,87% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA H2a1g
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK070 600 35,14% 51.139792, 1.30071 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 J2a1a1a2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK071 600 49,09% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA U5b3
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK072 600 0,24% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA NA
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK073 600 58,86% 51.139792, 1.30071 M I1a2a1a1a / Z141 / I1a2a1a1a1a2b~ / S1990 H1c2
England Kent Dover Buckland BUK074 600 28,39% 51.139792, 1.30071 F NA T2a1a6
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU001 720 57,17% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA HV+16311
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU002 750 43,06% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA U2e2a
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU003 831 62,44% 52.81474, 8.192343 M R1a1a1b1a3a2b1~ / YP1258 H11a2a
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU004 750 47,24% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA U5b1c2b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU005 750 23,93% 52.81474, 8.192343 M I1~ / FGC7747 H4a1a4b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU006 855 72,28% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA K1a+195
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU007 750 47,92% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H51
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU008 750 1,46% 52.81474, 8.192343 F (cont) NA T2b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU009 750 36,23% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA K1a4a1a2b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU010 750 0,14% 52.81474, 8.192343 F (cont) NA K2a11
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU011 831 39,96% 52.81474, 8.192343 M I1a~ / CTS9857 / I1a1b / L22 K
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU012 750 43,57% 52.81474, 8.192343 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a1a2b / FGC12057 H2a2a1
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU013 750 66,55% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA K1a4d
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU014 795 67,90% 52.81474, 8.192343 M I1~ / Z2886 H17b
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU015 792 61,26% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H31a
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU016 750 60,92% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA U3a1
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU017 750 71,64% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H1bd
Germany Lower Saxony Drantum DRU018 750 71,67% 52.81474, 8.192343 F NA H31a
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN001.A 829 17,09% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b / CTS12478 U2e2a1a
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN001.B 829 28,11% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U2e2a1a
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN002 938 49,42% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 H1
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN003 800 0,79% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I / CTS8742 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN004 800 0,32% 53.596232, 7.645448 M BT / M9159 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN005 751 30,62% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I1~ / CTS8597 / I1a1b1 / L22 X
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN006 800 38,27% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 J2b2
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN007 714 54,94% 53.596232, 7.645448 F NA H1c3b
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN008 800 2,11% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I2 / AM00525 / I2a1a1b~ / Y4200 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN009 800 19,49% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 NA (H3au)
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN010 800 42,36% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a / S265 H1au1
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN011 723 70,95% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 U4b1b1
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN012 800 14,51% 53.596232, 7.645448 M I2a1b1~ / CTS7391 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN013 792 27,93% 53.596232, 7.645448 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H58
Germany Lower Saxony Dunum DUN014 800 0,28% 53.596232, 7.645448 M BT / M9365 NA
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS001 630 84,46% 51.245326, 1.303369 F NA U5b1c2b
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS002 650 38,81% 51.245326, 1.303369 F NA U5b1c2b
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS004 601 34,66% 51.245326, 1.303369 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 H3+16311
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS005 650 1,16% 51.245326, 1.303369 M NA I2
England Kent Eastry Updown EAS006 650 65,33% 51.245326, 1.303369 M E1b1b1a1b1a / Page102 I4a
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY001 492 34,68% 52.400055, 0.260712 F NA J1c2b
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY002 477 87,14% 52.400055, 0.260712 F NA H1bb
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY003 600 46,64% 52.400055, 0.260712 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P311 HV9a1a
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY004 600 22,44% 52.400055, 0.260712 M I1~ / FGC3444 U5a1a1
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY005 490 94,67% 52.400055, 0.260712 M I1a2b1c1a~ / FGC30250 U5a1a1
England Cambridgeshire Ely ELY006 600 44,07% 52.400055, 0.260712 F NA H26a
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO001 1093 62,54% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA H1a1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO002 885 67,70% 53.21728, 6.565521 M I2a1a1b1a1~ / Y4231 U5a1i1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO004 1100 16,30% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J1c2c
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO005 1040 68,54% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY192.1 U5b1b1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO006 1037 26,34% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA T2b
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO007 1008 78,23% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b / Z19 U7b
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO008 1013 68,39% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1e1a / S25186 J2b1a3
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO010 973 82,00% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO012 908 76,95% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1a1 / AM01884 T2b1
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO013 883 80,51% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b3 / S23189 T1a1b
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO014 883 82,75% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO015 1050 74,89% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO016 1100 73,93% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b6 / S26063 J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO017 875 73,67% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b / L51 / R1b1a1b1a2a / CTS6889 J1b1a1+146C
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO019 945 32,40% 53.21728, 6.565521 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / CTS10743 / I2a1b1a2b1a1a2~ / Y7148 K1a4d
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO020 1100 16,39% 53.21728, 6.565521 F NA J2a1a1a2
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO021 818 66,77% 53.21728, 6.565521 M I1~ / FGC7747 / I1a1b1a1b3a~ / FGC21579 J1c
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO023 730 84,19% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b / Z350 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b4 / S3251.2 T2b8
Netherlands Groningen Groningen GRO024 1070 85,64% 53.21728, 6.565521 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1b1a1a~ / CTS8289 H3b7
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD001 573 93,23% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1i / FGC9657 U4c1a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD002 479 90,69% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA J1c5a1
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD003 500 38,71% 52.196792, 0.170347 M I1~ / CTS5887 / I1a2 / Z58 J1c2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD004 500 62,02% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA V10a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD005 500 93,27% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1b / S493 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b / DF95 T2b13
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD006 476 12,86% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1b1a / S375 HV6
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD007 500 44,23% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA K1c1
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD008 500 62,31% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA H11a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD009 500 68,44% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1e2a / S25007 T2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD010 487 68,81% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA U5a2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD011 500 77,39% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1 / S509 K2a6
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD012 479 80,08% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA HV6
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD013 488 66,99% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA H2c
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD014 500 81,21% 52.196792, 0.170347 F NA K1a4a1a2b
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD015 500 67,57% 52.196792, 0.170347 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2 / Z58 T2b24
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD016 522 67,08% 52.196792, 0.170347 M I1~ / Z2886 / I1a2 / Z58 J1c5a1
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD017 482 78,33% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a3a / DF100 H4a1a1a
England Cambridgeshire Hatherdene Close HAD018 573 72,87% 52.196792, 0.170347 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 U4c1a
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID001.A 400 33,91% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID001.B 400 54,25% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID002.A 400 81,01% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2e / H15a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID002.B 400 59,27% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H15a1
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID003 479 16,95% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 T2b3+151
Germany Lower Saxony Hiddestorf HID004 480 70,38% 52.280438, 9.712492 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 K1a4a1e
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN001 300 9,00% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 HV0f
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN002 300 47,81% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 F NA H2a2a1
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN003 300 11,83% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 H1af1b
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN004 300 62,87% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 J1c
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN005 300 78,12% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 H2a2a1b
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN006 300 54,49% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2a1c / S15627 U2e1
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN007 300 14,80% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M I1 / L843 H10e
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN008 300 55,90% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M I1~ / FGC10273 I4a1
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN009 300 0,30% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M (?) NA NA
Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Häven HVN010 300 29,23% 53.73855878, 11.63176417 M I1 / Z2887 / I1a2 / Z58 H2a2a1
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I0531 705 16,87% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA I2c
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0763 500 15,38% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA H4a1a2a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0764 500 14,19% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA J1c2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0765 500 25,60% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA H5a1g1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0766 500 74,84% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA K2b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0767 500 20,16% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA J2a1a1c
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0768 500 6,95% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA K2b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0771 500 13,94% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA U5a1b
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0772 500 17,26% 52.26136, 0.06869 M I1a2a / Z59 H1b1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0775 500 13,86% 52.26136, 0.06869 M I1 / M253 J2a1a1a2
England Cambridgeshire Linton I0790 786 6,95% 52.0991, 0.277 M I1 / M253 U8b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Linton I0791 786 31,99% 52.0991, 0.277 F NA U8b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington I0792 750 10,73% 52.26136, 0.06869 F NA T2f
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11567 600 7,81% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 K1a2a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11568 600 2,72% 50.5968, -2.0382 M I1 / M253 K1a2a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11569 600 23,57% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA T2a1a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11570 600 3,15% 50.5968, -2.0382 M NA U5b1
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11571 600 22,49% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA H11a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11573 600 5,03% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11574 600 6,22% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11575 600 0,66% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11576 600 8,15% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA H1bb
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11577 600 7,33% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 H1e1a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11578 600 4,26% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 H1bb
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11579 600 26,19% 50.5968, -2.0382 F NA U5b2c1
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11580 600 2,34% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS241 T2a1a
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11581 600 17,73% 50.5968, -2.0382 M I2a1a2a / L161.1 H5c
England Dorset Worth Matravers I11582 600 2,25% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1 / P297 T2a1a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11583 550 38,99% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1a2, R1b1a1b1a1a1c, R1b1a1b1a1a1d, R1b1a1b1a1a1e / FGC14875, S263, FGC396, S12025 H1c1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11584 525 30,18% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1a1, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b, R1b1a1b1a1a1d / S497, S352, Z159, S1743, FGC396 H1q
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11585 550 45,83% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H1b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11586 575 42,28% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c / S461 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5 / DF21 X2b4a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11587 550 54,18% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA U5a1a1e
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11588 550 19,63% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 K1d1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11589 550 62,28% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b2b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I11590 550 53,88% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I2a1b2a / S154 K1a4a1a+195
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14533 600 55,00% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA T2
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14534 600 69,74% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA J1c3
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14535 600 56,36% 50.789115, 0.082351 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1a, R1b1a1b1a1a2b3c, R1b1a1b1a1a2c1, R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S255, PF6578, L21, S233 U5b1c1a1
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14536 600 59,52% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA K1c2
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14538 600 62,00% 50.789115, 0.082351 M R1b1a1b1a1a2b1a1 / S144 K2b1b
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14539 600 35,01% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA I3a
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14540 600 2,50% 50.789115, 0.082351 M NA X2b5
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14541 600 67,34% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA H5b
England Sussex Rookery Hill, Bishopstone I14542 600 62,05% 50.789115, 0.082351 F NA W1c
England Cornwall Bude, Widemouth Bay I16383 700 22,05% 50.789848, -4.554473 M I1 / M253 / I1a1b1 / L22 U5a2a1
England Cornwall Newquay, Crantock I16385 700 8,14% 50.40315, -5.112038 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1a1, R1b1a1b1a1a2e1b / L20, L1199 H7d2a
England Cornwall Newquay, Crantock I16389 700 15,82% 50.40315, -5.112038 M R1b1a1b1b / CTS1078 H1ad
England Yorkshire Clapdale, Fox Holes Cave I16392 715 14,02% 54.138487, -2.374045 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5c / S5488 H3g1
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I16508 655 61,69% 52.062352, -0.81617 M I1a3 / S243 J1c5
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I16509 636 69,37% 52.062352, -0.81617 M I1a1b1 / L22 U5b2a1b
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I16510 620 68,84% 52.062352, -0.81617 F NA H
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17268 780 57,38% 54.594544, -1.309398 M I1a2a / S246 H1a
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17269 750 60,02% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA J2a1a1a2
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17270 750 56,41% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA J1b1a1d
England Yorkshire Norton Bishops Mill I17271 750 60,63% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA H5a6
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17272 550 55,54% 54.594544, -1.309398 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2 / S268 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b / S1743 H5
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17273 550 59,70% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA H1c2
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17274 550 58,51% 54.594544, -1.309398 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1 / S170 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1a1, R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b / S352, Z159 T2e1
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17275 550 56,85% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA K1a4a1a+195
England Yorkshire Norton East Mill I17276 550 76,58% 54.594544, -1.309398 F NA U5a1f1a1
England Durham Hartlepool, Olive Street I17277 750 57,50% 54.697647, -1.181035 M R1b1a1b1a1a2e / S232 / R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S233 K2a6
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20597 570 4,40% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA H5b1
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20598 492 1,64% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA H1a1
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20600 542 0,56% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 U5a2d
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20601 525 5,57% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA H1ag1
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20602 630 8,91% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 / R1b1a1b1a1a1b, R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / Z19, L21 H1+16189
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20603 650 3,63% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 T2b+150
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20604 500 0,27% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 U NA NA
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20605 500 18,21% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 F NA T2c1d+152
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20607 550 19,88% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b1 / L23 / R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 K1a4d
England Sussex Apple Down, West Chichester I20608 522 11,18% 50.83744661, -0.774879439 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 I1
England Dorset Worth Matravers I20636 600 3,07% 50.5968, -2.0382 M R1b1a1b / PF6517 HV6
England Dorset Worth Matravers I20637 600 45,28% 50.5968, -2.0382 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2b / S296.1 J1c1b1a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20638 550 44,03% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a / DF29^^ / I1a2b / S296.1 H1+16278
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20639 550 45,94% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2b / S296.1 H59a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20640 550 76,80% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2a / S246 U5a1a1d
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20641 550 64,90% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I2a1b2a / S154 H1a3b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20642 525 8,27% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA K1a4a1a+195
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20643 550 30,76% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H7
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20644 550 80,70% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 H1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20645 550 24,48% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 H1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20646 550 65,90% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2b / S296.1 T2f1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20648_d 550 1,34% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20649 525 58,17% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2a / S246 U2e2a1a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20650 575 67,92% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 H1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20651_d 525 0,74% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20652 550 83,12% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c, R1b1a1b1a1a1d / S263, FGC396 K2a7
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20653 550 47,20% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA K1c2
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20654 500 79,69% 54.170989, -0.605739 M J2b / M12 / J2b1 / M205 T1a3a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20655 550 69,55% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b4+152
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20656 550 72,64% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2b / S296.1 I4a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20657_d 550 1,47% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20658 575 74,45% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b33
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20659 550 72,68% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA J1c2e
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20660 550 71,70% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H10e
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20661 550 72,16% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2b / S296.1 T2b4a
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20663 550 1,06% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20665_d 525 2,01% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20666 550 14,34% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1 / M253 J1c3f
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20667 525 28,94% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H6a1b3
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20668 575 74,04% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA V+@16298
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20669 550 22,41% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA H6a1b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20670 525 71,08% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2b2b
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20671 550 77,08% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 J1c2
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20672 550 13,88% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA I1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20673 550 54,19% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1a1a1 / M417 / R1a1a1b1a2b, R1a1a1b2a / CTS1211, S340 T2f1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20674 550 66,13% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a3 / S243 T2f1a1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20675_d 550 3,82% 54.170989, -0.605739 U NA NA
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20676 550 30,65% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA U5a2c3
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20677 525 79,52% 54.170989, -0.605739 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 H1
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20678 550 65,25% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA U5a1b3
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20679 550 78,28% 54.170989, -0.605739 M I1a2 / Z58 X2b4
England Yorkshire West Heslerton I20680 525 74,20% 54.170989, -0.605739 F NA T2+16189
England Lincolnshire Lincoln, Lincoln Castle I3011 1053 33,33% 53.234533, -0.540804 M T1a1a / L208 H1a3
England Buckinghamshire Wolverton, Radcliffe School I3037 680 55,13% 52.062352, -0.81617 F NA W
England Lincolnshire Lincoln, Lincoln Castle I3044 1055 67,28% 53.234533, -0.540804 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a / S271 U4a1b
England Lincolnshire Lincoln, Lincoln Castle I3045 1053 3,41% 53.234533, -0.540804 M NA H4a1a2
England Yorkshire Ribblesdale, Selside Grike I3056 720 35,86% 54.160599, -2.328012 F NA U5a2c3a
England Kent Folkestone, Dover Hill I5372_d 525 0,63% 51.094068, 1.193037 M NA R
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND001 600 47,10% 50.846122, 6.357818 M G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2a1a / S23438 / G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2a1a3b~ / Z44118 U5b2a1a2
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND002 600 79,16% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S233 V3c
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND003 600 62,41% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 / S139 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 / T2b
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND004 600 51,95% 50.846122, 6.357818 F NA U8b1b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND005 600 74,23% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 T2g1a1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND006 600 45,41% 50.846122, 6.357818 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3570 H13a1a
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND007 600 75,40% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY.192.1 J2b1a1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND008 600 61,63% 50.846122, 6.357818 M G2a2b2a1a1b1a / CTS11352 / G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2a1a / S23438 H2a2
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND009 600 55,47% 50.846122, 6.357818 M E1b1b1a1b1a / PF2211 R0a (?)
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND010 600 61,49% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1a1a~ / F3337 / R1a1a1a1d2b~ / Y290 H8c
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND011 600 20,87% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U5b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND012 600 69,91% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U5b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND013 600 74,76% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS241 H3b1b1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND014 600 55,18% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1b3a1a1 / CTS9219 T2
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND015 600 12,79% 50.846122, 6.357818 M G2a2 / CTS4367 / G2a2b2a / P303 H3h3 (?)
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND016 600 11,17% 50.846122, 6.357818 M I1~ / FGC7747 T2f1a1
Germany North Rhine-Westphalia Alt-Inden IND017 600 58,53% 50.846122, 6.357818 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 / S139 U3a1
Germany Lower Saxony Issendorf ISS001 336 11,79% 53.48764, 9.513178 F NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Issendorf ISS002 475 20,76% 53.48764, 9.513178 M I1 / CTS11534 T2e
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL001 950 71,55% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA T2b+152
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL002 950 13,48% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U1a1a3
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL003 950 65,87% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA H3as
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL004 950 72,27% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U5a1f1a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL006 950 76,74% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA H4a1a3a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL007 950 7,17% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c / Z260 T2b19b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL008 950 21,56% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA U4a1a2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL009 950 68,20% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1 / DF104^^ K1a4a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL012 950 70,86% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 V3
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL013 950 70,65% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA H13a1a4
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL014 950 43,43% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a / DF109 J1c1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL015 950 17,15% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 V10a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL016 950 78,66% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2b2a / CTS3087 J1c
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL017 950 1,75% 54.00684, -8.202308 M CT / M9032 H1o
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL018 950 2,87% 54.00684, -8.202308 M I2a1a2~ / AM01260 H1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL019 950 3,34% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b / L1348 K1c2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL020 950 4,58% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4b2c1 / Z2186 V1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL021 950 17,47% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA NA
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL022 950 72,55% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a2a1 / F1265.2 U4b1b2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL023 950 76,05% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA J2a1a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL024 950 4,93% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 J1c3f
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL025 950 77,51% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1~ / L21 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 U5a1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL026 950 53,54% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a / CTS8221 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2b3a1a / FGC11788 T2b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL027 950 73,44% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a2~ / S1307 H7a1b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL028 950 60,86% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA K2b1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL030 950 8,24% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 U5a1a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL031 950 7,71% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA T2e
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL032 950 47,14% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U4a1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL033 950 76,62% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1 / DF104^^ K1a4a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL034 950 65,95% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4c / S10707 H3ao
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL035 950 55,80% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H1b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL037 950 79,57% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1 / DF104^^ H13a1a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL038 950 8,17% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 I4a
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL041 950 61,06% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a / DF109 V3a1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL042 950 63,45% 54.00684, -8.202308 F NA J1
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL043 950 72,55% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY192.1 I2
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL044 950 74,09% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a / DF105 U5b2c2b
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL045 950 4,27% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P310 U5a1g
Ireland Roscommon Kilteasheen, The Bishop’s Seat KIL047 950 67,16% 54.00684, -8.202308 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 H
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN001 1150 51,55% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H3v+16093
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN002 1150 38,89% 55.675268, 12.568294 M R1a1a1b1a3a1a / CTS4179 HV9a1a
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN003 1150 70,00% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H31
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN004 1150 60,29% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H2a1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN005 1150 45,30% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA U2e2a1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN006 1150 55,76% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA T2b5a1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN007 1150 56,88% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H1b
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN008 1150 44,54% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H3h
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN009 1150 34,65% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA W1+119
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN010 1150 0,95% 55.675268, 12.568294 M BT / M8947 / I / CTS11540 I2
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN011 1150 64,99% 55.675268, 12.568294 M G2a2b2a1a1b1a / CTS11605 H6a1a
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN012 1150 69,80% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA H10c1
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN013 1150 47,89% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA I2d
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN014 1150 59,06% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA HV+16311
Denmark Zealand Sct. Clements, Copenhagen KPN015 1150 36,56% 55.675268, 12.568294 F NA V3c
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK001 571 80,71% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I2a1b1a2b1a1~ / CTS1977 H2a1g
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK002 480 82,62% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I1a2 / Z58 J1c2c2
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK003 475 67,38% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 U2e1g
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK004 483 68,34% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3579 / I2a1b1a2b1a2b3~ / Y17504 H23
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK005 500 71,95% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA T2b
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK006 500 77,39% 52.413832, 0.521962 M (XXY) I2a1a1b1a1a~ / Y4252 K1c1
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK007 570 81,41% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1a1 / L163 H6a1a3
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK008 490 62,36% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA H5a1g1a
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK009 500 76,61% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I1a2 / Z58 K1a1b2a1a
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK010 522 72,53% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 / L21 J1c4
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK011 506 78,61% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA T2b4+152
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK012 493 78,82% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA V3a1
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK013 500 69,94% 52.413832, 0.521962 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a2 / S21728 J1c2c
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK014 500 62,63% 52.413832, 0.521962 F NA K1a1b2a1a
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK015 500 68,34% 52.413832, 0.521962 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / FGC3579 / I2a1b1a2b1a2a1a1a1a1a / Z190 J1c4
England Suffolk RAF Lakenheath LAK016 473 0,00% 52.413832, 0.521962 M BT / M9005 H1 (?)
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU001 550 0,13% 52.605277, 9.090713 F NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU002 550 0,18% 52.605277, 9.090713 M BT / M9143 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU003 550 0,21% 52.605277, 9.090713 M BT / M9336 / I / U179 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU004 550 0,13% 52.605277, 9.090713 F? NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU005 550 0,31% 52.605277, 9.090713 M NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU006 860 17,90% 52.605277, 9.090713 F NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU007 550 0,33% 52.605277, 9.090713 F? NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU008 550 0,18% 52.605277, 9.090713 M BT / M9356 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU009 550 0,10% 52.605277, 9.090713 F? NA NA
Germany Lower Saxony Liebenau LBU010 550 2,25% 52.605277, 9.090713 M I1 / Z2885 / I1a3 / S243 NA
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM001 536 88,06% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA H5a1
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM002 493 79,44% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA J1c3
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM003 469 72,85% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA U5b2b3
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM004 592 68,89% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA K2a6
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM005 533 97,12% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA U4a1a
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM006 468 45,41% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA H1
Netherlands Friesland Midlum MDM007 519 82,31% 53.18133, 5.4525 F NA H5b1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI001 500 57,77% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a1a1 / CTS2509 J2a1a1a2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI002 500 30,30% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1 / CTS7650 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2a / S1688 HV9a1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI003 500 58,27% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA H5a1g1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI004 559 97,25% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA K2b1a1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI005 500 93,03% 52.260128, 0.061219 M I1a2a2a1~ / FGC12742 U5b2b1a1
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI006 596 41,68% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 X2b4a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI007 559 89,22% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA J2a1a1c
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI008 541 79,85% 52.260128, 0.061219 M I1a2a / Z59 H4a1a1a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI009 494 76,92% 52.260128, 0.061219 M I1a2 / Z58 H18b
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI010 481 72,93% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA H24a
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI011 500 79,85% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA T2+16189
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI012 476 75,04% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5b1a1a / S281 I2a2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI013 490 75,06% 52.260128, 0.061219 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 U4a2
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI015 497 70,23% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA V
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI016 483 66,31% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA H1+16189
England Cambridgeshire Oakington OAI017 500 34,83% 52.260128, 0.061219 F NA V1a
England Kent Polhill POH001 632 32,49% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L11 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2 / S511 J1c3f
England Kent Polhill POH002 700 46,38% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA K1a13a
England Kent Polhill POH003 700 65,15% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c / S263 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2a1d2 / DF94 H11a2a
England Kent Polhill POH004 610 68,67% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA H24a
England Kent Polhill POH005 720 59,03% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA K1d
England Kent Polhill POH006 709 31,16% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1a1a1b1 / PF6217 / R1a1a1b1a3a1~ / H3
England Kent Polhill POH007 700 55,04% 51.239837, 0.66428 F NA V2b
England Kent Polhill POH008 573 68,56% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a / PF6543 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1b / FGC7559 J2a1a1a2
England Kent Polhill POH009 624 65,64% 51.239837, 0.66428 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a4b1 / S387 U4b1b1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED001 775 1,60% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA NA
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED003 720 41,35% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 / R1b1a1b1a1a1c2f~ / Z154 H5
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED004 775 64,54% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA H
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED005 775 62,42% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a / S1159 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1~ / BY192.1 H5a1c1a
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED006 751 22,93% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1a1a1~ / M782 / R1a1a1b1a3a1 / L448 NA
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED007 775 7,33% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I1~ / FGC3444 / I1a2a2 / Z2041 H1a1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED008 775 50,48% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA H1g1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED009 769 41,19% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I1~ / FGC7747 / I1a2a1a1d1a1a1b1~ / S14669 H10a1a1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED010 775 33,87% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA T2b11
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED011 -277 2,13% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1 / M694 T2
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED012 775 13,09% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA J1c1b1a
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED013 775 63,01% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA U5b2a1b
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED014 795 51,90% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I1a2a1a1a / Z141 H5b2
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED015 775 21,44% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA K1a+195
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED016 796 36,83% 52.899651, 0.544309 F NA U3a1
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED017 775 41,37% 52.899651, 0.544309 M I2a1b1a2b1a~ / CTS10743 T2b13
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED018 775 49,82% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a / S229 H1b5
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED019 775 28,26% 52.899651, 0.544309 M NA H1bh
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED020 829 70,53% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a1a / S1217 V
England Norfolk Sedgeford SED021 749 24,91% 52.899651, 0.544309 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a / S229 V
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS001 792 14,03% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1b1a1b1a1a / L151 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS002 800 1,87% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1a1a1~ / CTS5979 / R1a1a1a1d~, R1a1a1b1a3a1a1a1a1a~ / YP284, Y20050 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS003 800 49,92% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1a1a1~ / F3551 / R1a1a1a1d2b~, R1a1a1b1a3a2b1b1 / Y290, Y29905 T1a1a1
Germany Lower Saxony Schortens SRS004 781 67,08% 53.537728, 7.944676 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a1a / S1741 H6a1a2b1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG001 1140 80,41% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a1 / U106 U5a1b1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG002 1175 86,08% 54.520535, 9.559718 F NA J2a1a1a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG003 1140 55,88% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a2 / P312 / R1b1a1b1a1a2c1~ / S471 K1c2
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG004 1105 71,32% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2a2a5~ / Y5385 K1b2a2
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG005 1105 66,32% 54.520535, 9.559718 F NA K1a13
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG006 1105 78,68% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a1a1~ / S1217 U5a1c1a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG007 1105 71,74% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1~ / FGC7747 / I1a3a2b / Y21381 H1a1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG008 1140 80,30% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1a2 / Z58 H5a1c1a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG009 1105 19,12% 54.520535, 9.559718 M NO1 / CTS8274 H2a2a1c
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG010 1105 57,94% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I2a1b1a2b1~ / FGC3587 H1c2
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG011 1105 51,46% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a / L51 J2b1a3
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG012 1105 70,00% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2b1a~ / Z335 H7a1
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG013 1175 69,44% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a1a2 / Z8175 U8a1b
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG014 1105 8,01% 54.520535, 9.559718 M R1b1a1b1a1 / P311 H11a
Germany Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig Rathausmarkt SWG015 1105 51,43% 54.520535, 9.559718 M I1a2 / Z58 / I1a2a1a1d1a / S247 V+@16298
Germany Lower Saxony Zetel ZET001 735 8,46% 53.418071, 7.973378 M R1b1a1b / PF6527 NA
Germany Lower Saxony Zetel ZET002 750 0,68% 53.418071, 7.973378 F NA K1a4a1a


Now we know how J2b2a1-z1043 made its way to England.

[Africanwidow]

If you take West Germanic as simply Germanic rather than Gaulish-Jastorf mix.

Otherwise it's 1/3 Jastorf, 1/3 Gaul, 1/3 native Briton (simplified).


There is no such thing as a West Germanic genetic group. I don't understand how people are still retarded enough to confuse ethno-linguistic labels with AU genetics.

England_EMA/Continental Northern European (CNE) is pretty much identical to Jastorf Iron Age and it's spread or simply the spread of Germanic wether West or East is specific to the Early Middle Ages.

Navy blue is the core CNE/Jastorf IA zone known as the Bottleneck and from there you see that Germanic spread onwards during the EMA.

https://i.postimg.cc/MZCWWQZJ/Schermafbeelding-2022-09-15-om-08-17-22.png

[Africanwidow]

Great to finally have the paper as a reference, although basically just confirming what we'd seen in the previews. The question of Norse/Danish influence vs Anglo-Saxon still remains vague, and I still can't get my head around the France IA influence, when and where exactly most of it came to England. From how evenly it's spread over the bulk of England, parallel with Anglo-Saxon ancestry, you would think it came early-ish, mostly alongside Anglo-Saxons as part of the Frankish influence the paper mentions, but then it's not seen in the early medieval sites outside Southern England below the Thames. However that is possibly just a sampling issue, since Frankish objects are found in good numbers in the Midlands, East Anglia, and East Yorkshire. I personally don't believe the majority of France IA ancestry in English came after 1066 with Normans, although no doubt a significant percentage of it did. 40+% French in East Anglia coming with Normans is just not credible IMO, there is no historical or other evidence that it was a hotspot of Norman/French migration in the later Middle Ages, let alone having such a drastic population replacement.

https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05247-2/MediaObjects/41586_2022_5247_Fig5_HTML.png?as=webp
https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05247-2/MediaObjects/41586_2022_5247_Fig12_ESM.jpg?as=webp
https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05247-2/MediaObjects/41586_2022_5247_Fig13_ESM.jpg?as=webp

The question of Danish vikings and Anglo-Saxons will be irrelevant for a long while since they were both CNE anyways. Norwegian vikings is another story though.

I agree with French IA... Seems clear to me that Frankish influence correlates strongly with French IA admixture otherwise it would account for a significant portion of CNE in South-Eastern England which would drastically reduce Anglo-Saxon admixture. That to me is telling that the Franks weren't most likely Germanic in the proper sense (aka CNE) but were forced to migrate southwards due to the incoming Saxon pirates from the north.... Some of the old tribes in the Netherlands gathered around as the 'free Franks' to wield resistance against the Saxons with the big knives.

[J.S.]

I agree with French IA... Seems clear to me that Frankish influence correlates strongly with French IA admixture otherwise it would account for a significant portion of CNE in South-Eastern England which would drastically reduce Anglo-Saxon admixture. That to me is telling that the Franks weren't most likely Germanic in the proper sense (aka CNE) but were forced to migrate southwards due to the incoming Saxon pirates from the north.... Some of the old tribes in the Netherlands gathered around as the 'free Franks' to wield resistance against the Saxons with the big knives.
https://youtu.be/BBUea_HM83s?t=2134

[Africanwidow]

https://youtu.be/BBUea_HM83s?t=2134

He's making an assumption since no one knows what the Franks genetically were, but I generally with what he says. France today is still very much Gaulish and the genetic Frankish input in France is pretty much speculation at this point.

[Roy]

There is no such thing as a West Germanic genetic group. I don't understand how people are still retarded enough to confuse ethno-linguistic labels with AU genetics.

England_EMA/Continental Northern European (CNE) is pretty much identical to Jastorf Iron Age and it's spread or simply the spread of Germanic wether West or East is specific to the Early Middle Ages.

Navy blue is the core CNE/Jastorf IA zone known as the Bottleneck and from there you see that Germanic spread onwards during the EMA.

https://i.postimg.cc/MZCWWQZJ/Schermafbeelding-2022-09-15-om-08-17-22.png

Is there any sample that is 100% CNE? What is this based on even?

[Africanwidow]

Is there any sample that is 100% CNE? What is this based on even?

Yes, there are 100% CNE samples even samples from Early Anglo-Saxons England. Fresh off the boat pirates... I am practically 100% CNE too.

To quantitatively estimate these ancestry compositions, we decomposed ancestral sources using a supervised clustering approach implemented in the software ADMIXTURE48. Specifically, we assembled modern populations into two metapopulations that serve as proxies for the source ancestries in early medieval England defined above: CNE (n = 407) and WBI (n = 667). We confirmed that these two present-day metapopulations accurately represent the ancient admixture sources by testing their relationships to the ancient individuals from England using FST statistics and F4 statistics of the form F4(Yoruba, Test; WBI, CNE) (Extended Data Fig. 1 and 2).

The ancient genomes fall onto a separate cline, with most of the early medieval individuals from Dutch, German and Danish sites plotting on top of present-day continental northern Europeans (CNEs; northern Germans and Danish), whereas Bronze and Iron Age individuals from Britain and Ireland cluster together with WBI (Fig. 2b). Of note, in contrast to the preceding Bronze and Iron Age individuals from Britain and Ireland, the majority of the early medieval samples from England (England EMA) plot together with the ancient individuals from the continental North Sea area along with the present-day CNEs. The divergence between prehistoric and early medieval individuals from England is also seen in the distribution of genetic distances (FST) as well as shared alleles (F4) on both the population (Extended Data Fig. 1) and the individual scale (Supplementary Fig. 3.3).

[celticdragongod]

That finally puts the basic ancestral proportions of the English to rest though. I've been frustrated for years with the inadequacy of earlier studies on this question, particularly the 2016 Schiffels paper that extrapolated the English to be mainly native Briton from a few Celtic and Anglo-Saxon samples, which many people took as gospel. We can finally acknowledge that the English are not mostly Brittonic; are heavily Germanic and Anglo-Saxon; are a different people to Welsh and Scottish; and are transitional between them and Dutch/Flemish.

So the Welsh and the Scots are native to Britain while the English are just German invaders.

[celticdragongod]

Modern-day Northwest Europeans vs their IA counterparts

https://i.imgur.com/IQ7OaJj.png
https://i.imgur.com/gM6s7Is.png
https://i.imgur.com/ob8laSR.png


Denmark_Pre-Viking,0.1252055,0.1291415,0.065618833,0.0544255,0 .042520667,0.019104,0.002976667,0.007999667,0.0062 72,-0.007228833,-0.004953,0.001948333,-0.0077055,-0.003509167,0.017326667,0.0012375,-0.0122125,0.002639333,0.004315667,0.001604833,0.00 57815,0.004265833,-0.001561167,0.008495167,0.0002395
England_IA,0.129338492,0.135044578,0.060620611,0.0 46992529,0.039762672,0.01626025,0.00253975,0.00453 5734,0.007257217,0.006301348,-0.004834508,0.006446139,-0.015074443,-0.014870615,0.021278619,0.006059992,-0.00585393,0.001578922,0.001392918,0.003102902,0.0 05560369,0.00365693,-0.002250283,0.005456922,-0.000703258
France_North_IA,0.128620105,0.140784368,0.05519847 4,0.034527,0.042712263,0.010436368,0.001645,0.0030 84842,0.010000105,0.011970158,-0.001487053,0.005560895,-0.011853737,-0.007960474,0.013957789,0.001723684,-0.009765053,0.003033842,0.003989211,0.000645053,0. 000735579,0.002746421,-0.000901737,-0.003824211,-0.001058789
Germany_North_Roman,0.11837588,0.13087637,0.066891 75,0.062944625,0.041546125,0.023461625,-0.0035545,0.00775925,0.003604625,-0.00829175,-0.00576475,0.004065125,-0.006559625,-0.0109925,0.02563425,0.011618125,-0.009876625,-0.00007925,0.004258125,0.00925425,0.008625375,0.00 5116,0.000446625,0.011733625,-0.001077625
Netherlands_IA,0.130327333,0.127449,0.063104667,0. 062554333,0.037801833,0.016872667,0.003994833,0.00 3153667,-0.001158833,-0.008473833,-0.005142333,0.0071685,-0.013899667,-0.016904667,0.024927333,0.0028065,-0.0039765,-0.000865833,0.0022835,0.005502833,0.006239,0.00521 4,0.002095167,0.0092985,-0.001097667
Norway_Pre-Viking,0.1257745,0.127449167,0.0739785,0.0646,0.04 2674667,0.023752167,0.0061885,0.0101535,0.00286316 7,-0.010995,-0.003951333,0.001024167,-0.0059465,-0.007959333,0.021579333,0.010076667,-0.004042,0.002766167,0.003435833,0.005398333,0.009 213,0.000144167,-0.000493,0.007952833,0.003153333
Scotland_IA,0.130177737,0.131430895,0.062423526,0. 057732,0.034548895,0.021357263,0.003364316,0.00572 0368,0.002422,0.000508316,-0.004213579,0.006641421,-0.014263632,-0.015268895,0.025208263,0.005827,-0.013429526,0.001500211,0.000899789,0.004719421,0. 006619895,0.004497,-0.000895316,0.007166421,-0.000296158
Sweden_Pre-Viking,0.126913,0.127957,0.0705215,0.062662,0.0457 005,0.0211955,0.0019975,0.006923,0.0065445,-0.006652,0.000812,0.002248,-0.004534,-0.0009635,0.019408,0.0018565,-0.010887,0.0023435,0.007353,0.003877,0.0016225,0.0 041425,0.0013555,0.0159055,0.0007185
BelgianA,0.1297584,0.14061713,0.054506467,0.031374 067,0.0383046,0.0141306,0.003666,0.0055537333,0.00 68038667,0.0068521333,-0.0049906667,0.0051554,-0.011337933,-0.0056976667,0.014793533,-0.00067193333,-0.0108306,0.0013006667,0.0024972667,-0.00021686667,0.003552,0.0025225333,0.00059153333, 0.0080732,0.00058273333
BelgianB,0.12846827,0.141091,0.0504586,0.0280364,0 .0386328,0.010504733,0.0035093333,0.0049998,0.0063 402667,0.011517267,-0.0041354667,0.0040963333,-0.0108522,-0.010908867,0.0125768,0.0050118667,-0.0021556667,0.0024407333,0.0013660667,0.000275066 67,0.0038515333,0.0034376,-0.00070653333,0.0093023333,-0.0022032667
BelgianC,0.1268748,0.14298667,0.0532494,0.02314833 3,0.0405818,0.0095009333,0.00141,0.0047384,0.01082 6067,0.014396533,-0.0031611333,0.0063144667,-0.012269467,-0.0093032,0.012033867,0.0017148,-0.0049545333,0.0010978667,0.0015922,0.00036666667, 0.0027284,0.0028440667,-0.0011420667,0.0093344667,-0.0019318667
Danish,0.13124785,0.13506538,0.066377901,0.0524376 54,0.041302938,0.019456938,0.0051584444,0.00740140 74,0.0034365185,-0.002558,-0.0053588148,0.0034801852,-0.008506679,-0.0070934691,0.018669111,0.0061171358,-0.0065192593,0.0020474198,0.0032402099,0.004346172 8,0.0056396914,0.0024348889,0.00069234568,0.013773 951,0.00020109877
Dutch,0.1274407,0.13417834,0.060271163,0.04407588, 0.040843518,0.016397428,0.005402259,0.0072633133,0 .0042087289,0.0019244518,-0.0056346506,0.0044274036,-0.0098456265,-0.0086760542,0.01783003,0.0056230843,-0.0065161145,0.0017476928,0.003908741,0.0028160723 ,0.004480006,0.0033848193,-0.0000051385542,0.013892114,-0.00065574699
English,0.13185505,0.137043,0.061788263,0.044013,0 .039229947,0.016748105,0.0049844737,0.0057447895,0 .0052637368,0.0056781053,-0.0047690526,0.0056161053,-0.012589211,-0.010350737,0.020615263,0.0035520526,-0.010368895,0.004094,0.003685,0.0029618947,0.00593 68947,0.0034036316,-0.0032693158,0.013793842,0.000031578947
English_Cornwall,0.13019623,0.13975246,0.061354615 ,0.043182615,0.041901308,0.016411538,0.0034346154, 0.0063902308,0.0064819231,0.0069669231,-0.0046342308,0.0064787692,-0.013745462,-0.010247615,0.020754846,0.003172,-0.012527,0.0021146154,0.0037613077,0.0032419231,0. 0048087692,0.0038712308,-0.00075838462,0.014367077,0.00069092308
French_Brittany,0.13146573,0.13834055,0.05785035,0 .039284875,0.03916875,0.015813075,0.0031549,0.0042 1135,0.008186,0.0094899,-0.005131425,0.005590025,-0.01436805,-0.013101675,0.0183426,0.004398675,-0.007301575,0.0012795,-0.00046195,0.001772675,0.0044671,0.00178685,-0.00125405,0.010546525,0.0006586
French_Nord,0.12827521,0.14054315,0.051357061,0.02 5605091,0.038272818,0.0088906061,0.0010966667,0.00 44193939,0.0083730303,0.012016636,-0.003484,0.0040328182,-0.010861303,-0.0081823333,0.011199091,0.0025432121,-0.0046069394,0.0022266364,0.004094697,0.0010307879 ,0.0021326667,0.0015249394,-0.0015724242,0.007470697,0.000014545455
French_Paris,0.12717136,0.14143555,0.050431273,0.0 23990091,0.040902727,0.0093048182,0.0027985455,0.0 054543636,0.011602182,0.018173909,-0.0077060909,0.0068120909,-0.012906545,-0.010384364,0.013769545,0.0060630909,-0.0018255455,0.0046643636,0.0027081818,-0.00097781818,0.0022007273,0.0035747273,-0.0012325455,0.011140545,-0.0019050909
French_Pas-de-Calais,0.12786133,0.140482,0.054305333,0.026809,0. 042161667,0.012736333,0.0041516667,0.0013073333,0. 0085216667,0.012452667,-0.0080113333,0.002198,-0.010009667,-0.012019,0.013662667,0.008132,-0.000478,0.001816,-0.003645,0.004252,0.0099826667,0.0014426667,-0.002547,0.0059043333,-0.001437
French_Seine-Maritime,0.1360185,0.1370965,0.0452545,0.0295545,0 .039084,0.0167335,0.00423,-0.000692,0.003988,0.006014,-0.003735,0.0074935,-0.0075815,-0.0016515,0.0142505,0.0035135,-0.0079535,-0.002344,0.0009425,-0.0050025,0.0039305,0.0055025,0.000863,0.0042775,-0.0044905
German,0.13026259,0.13737923,0.057981114,0.0387068 48,0.040003494,0.015646139,0.0040665316,0.00578648 1,0.003526038,0.00188,-0.0044132911,0.0023732152,-0.0053705949,-0.0025417089,0.0085125063,0.0032912911,-0.0032727975,0.0016630506,0.0033668734,0.001719126 6,0.0031399873,0.0020050253,0.000071810127,0.00830 51772,0.00027741772
German_Erlangen,0.1285691,0.13723285,0.056162791,0 .038075433,0.038592642,0.015097493,0.0042230299,0. 005441806,0.0040996418,-0.00011149254,-0.0031192985,0.0012100746,-0.0037031493,0.001891791,0.004430194,0.0018166567,-0.0018311493,0.0018001194,0.0031105672,0.000597253 73,-0.00031471642,0.001360194,0.0018303582,0.006702820 9,0.0000017164179
German_Hamburg,0.12828529,0.13399012,0.063467176,0 .048526,0.040061706,0.020375471,0.0075617647,0.009 1082941,0.0029597059,-0.0035588824,-0.0038781765,0.000088176471,-0.0025097059,0.00075288235,0.0094365294,0.00326794 12,-0.0045557647,0.0025561765,0.0039926471,0.000684235 29,0.0017395294,0.0015565882,0.0027185294,0.007350 3529,-0.0010354118
Icelandic,0.13269867,0.13362667,0.067819,0.0563096 67,0.039366333,0.022961917,0.0033488333,0.00851883 33,0.0026418333,0.000060666667,-0.0054805833,0.00517025,-0.0063675,-0.0090830833,0.0230725,0.0052924167,-0.011690917,0.0019109167,0.0017389167,0.0038873333 ,0.0092545,0.00280275,-0.00084216667,0.014017917,0.00082825
Irish,0.13336052,0.13409771,0.061168941,0.0488642, 0.037787988,0.019351706,0.0032928118,0.0047128706, 0.0035683294,0.0029264588,-0.0069711882,0.0058395412,-0.014189188,-0.014076341,0.025935306,0.0052146235,-0.011145553,0.0018944353,0.00059741176,0.0017758,0 .0051145412,0.0012787059,0.00029287059,0.014407353 ,0.00066074118
Norwegian,0.1320917,0.1294546,0.068051375,0.054530 475,0.040322775,0.019870925,0.004159525,0.00609192 5,0.00615105,-0.002286975,-0.004644425,0.004275025,-0.009235525,-0.0101497,0.02025285,0.006556575,-0.007200425,0.0033097,0.00297585,0.00410815,0.0056 80575,0.004089825,0.0008873,0.01410725,-0.00006885
Orcadian,0.1306689,0.1342528,0.0629793,0.04845,0.0 387149,0.0175423,0.001786,0.0039229,0.0050312,0.00 1786,-0.0068367,0.0048108,-0.0119078,-0.0108308,0.0223531,0.0030364,-0.0123864,0.0034712,0.0026774,0.0003001,0.0049539, 0.0022504,-0.0021567,0.0100374,-0.0005988
Scottish,0.13146568,0.13423125,0.062265357,0.04704 2643,0.039105964,0.017281214,0.0035502143,0.005175 6071,0.0035718929,0.0028246429,-0.0056140357,0.0050473214,-0.011680607,-0.011973143,0.023023964,0.0031253571,-0.011254929,0.0027736429,0.0025499286,0.0014516071 ,0.0042246071,0.0033076429,-0.00065589286,0.013556071,-0.00076982143
Shetlandic,0.13431133,0.133373,0.060842,0.04791166 7,0.040417667,0.019429333,0.00423,0.0046923333,0.0 03545,-0.0041306667,-0.0039513333,0.006744,-0.011545667,-0.012615333,0.021308,0.0026076667,-0.0087356667,0.001436,0.002975,-0.0024596667,0.0032026667,0.0026793333,0.006285333 3,0.018797667,0.0026743333
Swedish,0.1321925,0.12588546,0.072642386,0.0589714 85,0.040263287,0.020789812,0.0063799901,0.00929434 65,0.0036490396,-0.0066633168,-0.0042028317,0.00053264356,-0.0030453168,-0.0033520198,0.014593317,0.0058654752,-0.0051056733,0.0016218713,0.0029906733,0.005014772 3,0.0067726832,0.0025256436,0.0012532178,0.0115940 2,0.00021221782
Welsh,0.1319779,0.13816285,0.0601319,0.0430236,0.0 4059215,0.0166218,0.0033135,0.00639205,0.0062789,0 .0043372,-0.00423025,0.00591215,-0.0129112,-0.01097545,0.02059545,0.00570795,-0.00870315,0.00235635,0.003086,0.00200715,0.004984 9,0.0038518,-0.00001235,0.0112243,0.00080825

Distance to: CDG_scaled
0.01700079 Scottish
0.01720419 Shetlandic
0.01810893 English_Cornwall
0.01849197 Irish
0.01901992 Welsh
0.01905220 English
0.01923543 Orcadian
0.01935998 Danish
0.01968105 Dutch
0.02022026 Norwegian
0.02186691 Icelandic
0.02364574 Scotland_IA
0.02433280 England_IA
0.02452254 French_Brittany
0.02509882 Denmark_Pre-Viking
0.02795790 German_Hamburg
0.02830424 Sweden_Pre-Viking
0.02844862 BelgianA
0.02860468 German
0.02958334 Netherlands_IA
0.02970450 Swedish
0.03369175 German_Erlangen
0.03388828 Germany_North_Roman
0.03561688 France_North_IA
0.03634164 Norway_Pre-Viking

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 1.4100% / 0.01410038
42.6 English_Cornwall
38.4 Shetlandic
15.4 Sweden_Pre-Viking
3.6 Scotland_IA

[J. Ketch]

So the Welsh and the Scots are native to Britain while the English are just German invaders.
No. The English, Welsh and Scottish are all native to Britain. Possibly only the Welsh are mostly descended from Celtic Britons, Brittonic ancestry in England ranges from 11 to 57%.

[zebruh]

Whats so surprising about this. Its always been said vikings were ruthless

[Africanwidow]

No. The English, Welsh and Scottish are all native to Britain. Possibly only the Welsh are mostly descended from Celtic Britons, Brittonic ancestry in England ranges from 11 to 57%.

The Welsh and Scottish are still 30% German invader ;)

No one in Britain is 'pure' Celtic or Germanic. Just varying degrees of admixture from different NW European groups. But you'll get individuals that are 80% CNE or WBI they are just not the norm in England.

[J. Ketch]

The Welsh and Scottish are still 30% German invader ;)

No one in Britain is 'pure' Celtic or Germanic. Just varying degrees of admixture from different NW European groups. But you'll get individuals that are 80% CNE or WBI they are just not the norm in England.
Yep, you can certainly say the English were German invaders in the EMA and the Welsh the natives (though the Scots were Irish invaders into Northern Britain at that time), but too much water has flown under the bridge since then with too much cultural and genetic mixing. It's like saying the Frisians aren't native to Friesland. The English are the descendants of the Iceni, Catuvellauni, Trinovantes, Brigantes etc, and I'm proud to have that as part of my English ancestry as well as the Anglo-Saxon.

Do you think there are 80% CNE types still in Britain? I'm not sure after 1000+ years of evening out in the genepool, I assumed that in any given region people would only be around 10% more or less than the average.

[Africanwidow]

Yep, you can certainly say the English were German invaders in the EMA and the Welsh the natives (though the Scots were Irish invaders into Northern Britain at that time), but too much water has flown under the bridge since then with too much cultural and genetic mixing. It's like saying the Frisians aren't native to Friesland. The English are the descendants of the Iceni, Catuvellauni, Trinovantes, Brigantes etc, and I'm proud to have that as part of my English ancestry as well as the Anglo-Saxon.

Do you think there are 80% CNE types still in Britain? I'm not sure after 1000+ years of evening out in the genepool, I assumed that in any given region people would only be around 10% more or less than the average.

Well, the Frisians aren't native to Friesland but that is beyond the point. Too much time has past for it to be any relevant today.

Modelling with CvG using the prelim samples there is a range from 0-80% in CNE. I'm aware it's not a full-proof method for individuals like in your case for example... but I nailed the averages from the paper for the British Isles.

https://i.postimg.cc/13ss4Xz7/Papa-jang.png

English and British samples including myself on the PCA:

https://i.postimg.cc/vHCW5RnV/Jansak.png

[Firenna]

Great to finally have the paper as a reference, although basically just confirming what we'd seen in the previews. The question of Norse/Danish influence vs Anglo-Saxon still remains vague, and I still can't get my head around the France IA influence, when and where exactly most of it came to England. From how evenly it's spread over the bulk of England, parallel with Anglo-Saxon ancestry, you would think it came early-ish, mostly alongside Anglo-Saxons as part of the Frankish influence the paper mentions, but then it's not seen in the early medieval sites outside Southern England below the Thames. However that is possibly just a sampling issue, since Frankish objects are found in good numbers in the Midlands, East Anglia, and East Yorkshire. I personally don't believe the majority of France IA ancestry in English came after 1066 with Normans, although no doubt a significant percentage of it did. 40+% French in East Anglia coming with Normans is just not credible IMO, there is no historical or other evidence that it was a hotspot of Norman/French migration in the later Middle Ages, let alone having such a drastic population replacement.

It can be explained by continuous low intensity migration from Northern France to Southern Britain given the close geographic proximity and higher population density in the mainland.

[Davystayn]

Interesting that Germany has such high France IA, at 48%, much higher than Eng at 30%. Would be interesting to see Denmark stats, seeing as France IA is absent in Norway.

[Africanwidow]

Interesting that Germany has such high France IA, at 48%, much higher than Eng at 30%. Would be interesting to see Denmark stats, seeing as France IA is absent in Norway.

Unfortunately, no Danish samples.

[celticdragongod]

Yep, you can certainly say the English were German invaders in the EMA and the Welsh the natives (though the Scots were Irish invaders into Northern Britain at that time), but too much water has flown under the bridge since then with too much cultural and genetic mixing. It's like saying the Frisians aren't native to Friesland. The English are the descendants of the Iceni, Catuvellauni, Trinovantes, Brigantes etc, and I'm proud to have that as part of my English ancestry as well as the Anglo-Saxon.

Do you think there are 80% CNE types still in Britain? I'm not sure after 1000+ years of evening out in the genepool, I assumed that in any given region people would only be around 10% more or less than the average.

Are you saying that the Irish invaders exterminated the people who had lived in Scotland before they arrived? If yes, do you have any evidence to back up this belief?

[J. Ketch]

Are you saying that the Irish invaders exterminated the people who had lived in Scotland before they arrived? If yes, do you have any evidence to back up this belief?
Exterminated? :confused: I'm not a Hollywood director, replacing history with atrocity propaganda.

Gaels from Ulster invaded and settled in Northern Britain in the Early Middle Ages, supplanting the native Britons/Picts and their language, and giving rise to the Kingdom of Scotland - just as the Anglo-Saxons were doing in Southern Britain, giving rise to the Kingdom of England.
https://thesoundingline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ltZT9FO.png
https://i0.wp.com/starkeycomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Brit-and-Irish-Gif.gif?fit=550%2C750&ssl=1

[coolfrenchguy]

Exterminated? :confused: I'm not a Hollywood director, replacing history with atrocity propaganda.

Gaels from Ulster invaded and settled in Northern Britain in the Early Middle Ages, supplanting the native Britons/Picts and their language, and giving rise to the Kingdom of Scotland - just as the Anglo-Saxons were doing in Southern Britain, giving rise to the Kingdom of England.
https://thesoundingline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ltZT9FO.png
https://i0.wp.com/starkeycomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Brit-and-Irish-Gif.gif?fit=550%2C750&ssl=1

in french we says angleterre for england,angle for the angles and "terre" for land,something called anglia in the english language,
doesn't the angles who are the true exterminators with the saxons of the first inhabitants of this island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angles

https://www.cyclope.ovh/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/62a526aec64bb89c0c81323477080690.jpg
British man of the Saxon period


https://www.cyclope.ovh/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a7ef773a1bd4e2c2f1812ee414c3ca9d-731x1024.jpg
British man from the iron age

https://www.cyclope.ovh/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5bb1f8f9ad3ace6830d2ce24d3a6521d.jpg
Woman of Roman-British descent

[coolfrenchguy]

Interesting that Germany has such high France IA, at 48%, much higher than Eng at 30%. Would be interesting to see Denmark stats, seeing as France IA is absent in Norway.
it's probably related toward(s) the empire of carolus magnus and the frankish kingdom at this period of time,you should never minimised the role of the carolus magnus empire,it's almost the 3/4 of the modern western europe

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg/1024px-Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Europe_814.svg/1024px-Europe_814.svg.png

[celticdragongod]

Exterminated? :confused: I'm not a Hollywood director, replacing history with atrocity propaganda.

Gaels from Ulster invaded and settled in Northern Britain in the Early Middle Ages, supplanting the native Britons/Picts and their language, and giving rise to the Kingdom of Scotland - just as the Anglo-Saxons were doing in Southern Britain, giving rise to the Kingdom of England.
https://thesoundingline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ltZT9FO.png
https://i0.wp.com/starkeycomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Brit-and-Irish-Gif.gif?fit=550%2C750&ssl=1

But the Picts survived in Scotland. Most Scots probably have some Pictish ancestry.

[celticdragongod]

No. The English, Welsh and Scottish are all native to Britain. Possibly only the Welsh are mostly descended from Celtic Britons, Brittonic ancestry in England ranges from 11 to 57%.

The Scots and the Welsh would have the most native ancestry while the English would have the least since they would be most closely related to the Anglo-Saxon invaders.

[J. Ketch]

But the Picts survived in Scotland. Most Scots probably have some Pictish ancestry.
Well they didn't survive as an ethnic group. Their language went extinct and their territory is now called Scotland, not Pictland. They were assimilated into the Scottish nation, just as the Romano-Britons were assimilated into the English nation.

The Scots and the Welsh would have the most native ancestry while the English would have the least since they would be most closely related to the Anglo-Saxon invaders.
Most probably, but I'm sure there are Western English areas with more native Brittonic ancestry than the Scots, and Western parts of Scotland with less Brittonic ancestry than the English. I mean SW Scottish still cluster with Irish, and away from the Brittonic Welsh.

[Grace O'Malley]

Thanks to Matt who posted this on Eurogenes. It is simulated G25 but will do until the samples are available.

https://imgur.com/a/qirF9OP

https://i.imgur.com/A8rgoj2.png
https://i.imgur.com/g9NgWae.png

If anyone wants to try this model.


WBI_High_Steppe,0.128730,0.128300,0.062617,0.06155 3,0.030410,0.022574,0.002050,0.005672,-0.000362,-0.006610,-0.005840,0.005823,-0.013402,-0.016292,0.025785,0.003740,-0.010485,0.000061,0.002267,0.004058,0.005806,0.000 785,-0.001412,0.011609,-0.001410
WBI_Low_Steppe,0.129305,0.135141,0.060828,0.046345 ,0.039789,0.015908,0.002444,0.004403,0.007235,0.00 6982,-0.004418,0.006456,-0.015182,-0.015062,0.020936,0.006534,-0.005686,0.001864,0.001458,0.002626,0.005754,0.004 075,-0.002542,0.005046,-0.000728
CNE_High_Steppe,0.127468,0.128362,0.069381,0.06875 9,0.037263,0.025570,0.003734,0.008458,-0.002031,-0.012373,-0.006355,0.004424,-0.009147,-0.010311,0.027611,0.006331,-0.010648,0.001552,0.005925,0.007078,0.008500,0.002 255,0.000434,0.019884,-0.001466
CNE_Low_Steppe,0.128043,0.135203,0.067592,0.053551 ,0.046642,0.018904,0.004128,0.007190,0.005567,0.00 1218,-0.004933,0.005057,-0.010927,-0.009081,0.022762,0.009124,-0.005849,0.003355,0.005116,0.005645,0.008448,0.005 546,-0.000695,0.013320,-0.000783
CWE_High_Steppe,0.112584,0.124165,0.051700,0.05004 6,0.027339,0.020163,-0.002210,0.005569,0.000012,-0.005106,-0.006901,0.005746,-0.012063,-0.012609,0.018550,-0.000029,-0.012763,-0.001909,0.001048,-0.000329,0.003785,-0.002257,-0.000959,0.015695,-0.003657
CWE_Low_Steppe,0.113159,0.131006,0.049911,0.034837 ,0.036718,0.013496,-0.001816,0.004301,0.007609,0.008485,-0.005479,0.006379,-0.013843,-0.011379,0.013701,0.002764,-0.007964,-0.000106,0.000240,-0.001762,0.003733,0.001033,-0.002089,0.009132,-0.002974

Use this below to get the combined result.


WBI,0.128730,0.128300,0.062617,0.061553,0.030410,0 .022574,0.002050,0.005672,-0.000362,-0.006610,-0.005840,0.005823,-0.013402,-0.016292,0.025785,0.003740,-0.010485,0.000061,0.002267,0.004058,0.005806,0.000 785,-0.001412,0.011609,-0.001410
WBI,0.129305,0.135141,0.060828,0.046345,0.039789,0 .015908,0.002444,0.004403,0.007235,0.006982,-0.004418,0.006456,-0.015182,-0.015062,0.020936,0.006534,-0.005686,0.001864,0.001458,0.002626,0.005754,0.004 075,-0.002542,0.005046,-0.000728
CNE,0.127468,0.128362,0.069381,0.068759,0.037263,0 .025570,0.003734,0.008458,-0.002031,-0.012373,-0.006355,0.004424,-0.009147,-0.010311,0.027611,0.006331,-0.010648,0.001552,0.005925,0.007078,0.008500,0.002 255,0.000434,0.019884,-0.001466
CNE,0.128043,0.135203,0.067592,0.053551,0.046642,0 .018904,0.004128,0.007190,0.005567,0.001218,-0.004933,0.005057,-0.010927,-0.009081,0.022762,0.009124,-0.005849,0.003355,0.005116,0.005645,0.008448,0.005 546,-0.000695,0.013320,-0.000783
CWE,0.112584,0.124165,0.051700,0.050046,0.027339,0 .020163,-0.002210,0.005569,0.000012,-0.005106,-0.006901,0.005746,-0.012063,-0.012609,0.018550,-0.000029,-0.012763,-0.001909,0.001048,-0.000329,0.003785,-0.002257,-0.000959,0.015695,-0.003657
CWE,0.113159,0.131006,0.049911,0.034837,0.036718,0 .013496,-0.001816,0.004301,0.007609,0.008485,-0.005479,0.006379,-0.013843,-0.011379,0.013701,0.002764,-0.007964,-0.000106,0.000240,-0.001762,0.003733,0.001033,-0.002089,0.009132,-0.002974

Target: Grace_scaled
Distance: 1.7804% / 0.01780439
65.0 WBI
35.0 CNE

[J.S.]

Thanks to Matt who posted this on Eurogenes. It is simulated G25 but will do until the samples are available.



If i am not wrong, Matt used 4 Sarrebourg samples for CWE. I dont really understand why, as we are not sure all of them are really locals.

[Grace O'Malley]

If i am not wrong, Matt used 4 Sarrebourg samples for CWE. I dont really understand why, as we are not sure all of them are really locals.

It will be good when the samples are available. I'm most interested in the Kilteasheen samples as they are from close to where my father comes from.

[J.S.]

It will be good when the samples are available. I'm most interested in the Kilteasheen samples as they are from close to where my father comes from.

How lucky you are to have such a study...

"France, unfortunately, was an absent subscriber in relation to genetic studies. Even today, for reasons I don't want to go into details, but rather political and administrative reasons, it is very difficult to carry out genetic studies on the French." Professor Luis Quintana-Murci

https://i.imgur.com/oxMhGp4.png
Translation:
Spoiler alert: even in the year 1000, this sentence was already true...! And not just because "the Gauls" never existed: the Middle Ages were woven with dense currents of immigration, in all directions and at all times.

The guy is a college student in Medieval History.

So, yes, you are (still) very very lucky...

[Albannach]

Worth mentioning that despite having a Gaelic surname that comes from the west of Scotland, I have what is thought to be Pictish Y-DNA, R1b-L1065, as do most of the chiefs of the major Scottish clans, also worth mentioning that Gaelic Kings became kings of Alba, the term Scotland was a later adoption, and originally these Gaelic speaking Kings were referred to as king of the Picts, not Kings of the Gaels or Scots, then, of course, there is the Kingdom of Strathclyde which survived into the 12th century, unless there was some undocumented mass genocide then Scots have plenty of Brythonic ancestry.

Target: Albannach_scaled
Distance: 2.1375% / 0.02137513
68.6 WBI
31.4 CNE

[Africanwidow]

Distance to: Africanwidow
0.02150433 CNE_Low_Steppe
0.02588305 CNE_High_Steppe
0.02781625 WBI_High_Steppe
0.03123942 WBI_Low_Steppe
0.04114940 CWE_High_Steppe
0.04733266 CWE_Low_Steppe

Target: Africanwidow
Distance: 1.8876% / 0.01887581
56.8 CNE_Low_Steppe
43.2 CNE_High_Steppe

[RyoHazuki]

Target: Ryo_scaled
Distance: 3.2395% / 0.03239514 | ADC: 0.25x RC
47.8 CWE_Low_Steppe
34.6 CNE_Low_Steppe
17.6 CWE_High_Steppe

Target: Ryo_scaled
Distance: 3.2395% / 0.03239512
52.4 CWE_Low_Steppe
30.0 CNE_Low_Steppe
13.0 CWE_High_Steppe
4.6 CNE_High_Steppe

[RyoHazuki]

Thanks to Matt who posted this on Eurogenes. It is simulated G25 but will do until the samples are available.

https://imgur.com/a/qirF9OP

https://i.imgur.com/A8rgoj2.png
https://i.imgur.com/g9NgWae.png

If anyone wants to try this model.


WBI_High_Steppe,0.128730,0.128300,0.062617,0.06155 3,0.030410,0.022574,0.002050,0.005672,-0.000362,-0.006610,-0.005840,0.005823,-0.013402,-0.016292,0.025785,0.003740,-0.010485,0.000061,0.002267,0.004058,0.005806,0.000 785,-0.001412,0.011609,-0.001410
WBI_Low_Steppe,0.129305,0.135141,0.060828,0.046345 ,0.039789,0.015908,0.002444,0.004403,0.007235,0.00 6982,-0.004418,0.006456,-0.015182,-0.015062,0.020936,0.006534,-0.005686,0.001864,0.001458,0.002626,0.005754,0.004 075,-0.002542,0.005046,-0.000728
CNE_High_Steppe,0.127468,0.128362,0.069381,0.06875 9,0.037263,0.025570,0.003734,0.008458,-0.002031,-0.012373,-0.006355,0.004424,-0.009147,-0.010311,0.027611,0.006331,-0.010648,0.001552,0.005925,0.007078,0.008500,0.002 255,0.000434,0.019884,-0.001466
CNE_Low_Steppe,0.128043,0.135203,0.067592,0.053551 ,0.046642,0.018904,0.004128,0.007190,0.005567,0.00 1218,-0.004933,0.005057,-0.010927,-0.009081,0.022762,0.009124,-0.005849,0.003355,0.005116,0.005645,0.008448,0.005 546,-0.000695,0.013320,-0.000783
CWE_High_Steppe,0.112584,0.124165,0.051700,0.05004 6,0.027339,0.020163,-0.002210,0.005569,0.000012,-0.005106,-0.006901,0.005746,-0.012063,-0.012609,0.018550,-0.000029,-0.012763,-0.001909,0.001048,-0.000329,0.003785,-0.002257,-0.000959,0.015695,-0.003657
CWE_Low_Steppe,0.113159,0.131006,0.049911,0.034837 ,0.036718,0.013496,-0.001816,0.004301,0.007609,0.008485,-0.005479,0.006379,-0.013843,-0.011379,0.013701,0.002764,-0.007964,-0.000106,0.000240,-0.001762,0.003733,0.001033,-0.002089,0.009132,-0.002974

Use this below to get the combined result.


WBI,0.128730,0.128300,0.062617,0.061553,0.030410,0 .022574,0.002050,0.005672,-0.000362,-0.006610,-0.005840,0.005823,-0.013402,-0.016292,0.025785,0.003740,-0.010485,0.000061,0.002267,0.004058,0.005806,0.000 785,-0.001412,0.011609,-0.001410
WBI,0.129305,0.135141,0.060828,0.046345,0.039789,0 .015908,0.002444,0.004403,0.007235,0.006982,-0.004418,0.006456,-0.015182,-0.015062,0.020936,0.006534,-0.005686,0.001864,0.001458,0.002626,0.005754,0.004 075,-0.002542,0.005046,-0.000728
CNE,0.127468,0.128362,0.069381,0.068759,0.037263,0 .025570,0.003734,0.008458,-0.002031,-0.012373,-0.006355,0.004424,-0.009147,-0.010311,0.027611,0.006331,-0.010648,0.001552,0.005925,0.007078,0.008500,0.002 255,0.000434,0.019884,-0.001466
CNE,0.128043,0.135203,0.067592,0.053551,0.046642,0 .018904,0.004128,0.007190,0.005567,0.001218,-0.004933,0.005057,-0.010927,-0.009081,0.022762,0.009124,-0.005849,0.003355,0.005116,0.005645,0.008448,0.005 546,-0.000695,0.013320,-0.000783
CWE,0.112584,0.124165,0.051700,0.050046,0.027339,0 .020163,-0.002210,0.005569,0.000012,-0.005106,-0.006901,0.005746,-0.012063,-0.012609,0.018550,-0.000029,-0.012763,-0.001909,0.001048,-0.000329,0.003785,-0.002257,-0.000959,0.015695,-0.003657
CWE,0.113159,0.131006,0.049911,0.034837,0.036718,0 .013496,-0.001816,0.004301,0.007609,0.008485,-0.005479,0.006379,-0.013843,-0.011379,0.013701,0.002764,-0.007964,-0.000106,0.000240,-0.001762,0.003733,0.001033,-0.002089,0.009132,-0.002974

Target: Grace_scaled
Distance: 1.7804% / 0.01780439
65.0 WBI
35.0 CNE

Target: Ryo_scaled
Distance: 3.2395% / 0.03239512
65.4 CWE
34.6 CNE

[Flashball]

I added more French samples from the tene culture, to get something more accurate, keeping the other samples though

I added "german-like" to the CWE High steppe sample, because it is absolutely not French-like.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/822941122820440087/1024927755713921065/FrenchRESULTS2.png

[J.S.]

https://i.imgur.com/fvWAU4d.png
https://i.imgur.com/zNWXTiD.png
supplementary information
supplemnetary figure 4.5 qpWave Analysis
page 77-78
https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05247-2/MediaObjects/41586_2022_5247_MOESM1_ESM.docx

[Africanwidow]

I added more French samples from the tene culture, to get something more accurate, keeping the other samples though

I added "german-like" to the CWE High steppe sample, because it is absolutely not French-like.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/822941122820440087/1024927755713921065/FrenchRESULTS2.png

Would you mind posting the model?

[Davystayn]

I added more French samples from the tene culture, to get something more accurate, keeping the other samples though

I added "german-like" to the CWE High steppe sample, because it is absolutely not French-like.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/822941122820440087/1024927755713921065/FrenchRESULTS2.png

Really interesting, thanks

[Septentrion]

Did they kill all the Celts?

Germanic people are not a people to mess with. Go ask Romans and ask Ancient Britons.

[Mingle]

Hence the dearth of Celtic culture in England from early on. A mass replacement event explains that.
Celtic culture was already replaced with Romance culture in Southeast England before the English first arrived.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Roman.Britain.Romanisation.jpg/800px-Roman.Britain.Romanisation.jpg

[J. Ketch]

Celtic culture was already replaced with Romance culture in Southeast England before the English first arrived.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Roman.Britain.Romanisation.jpg/800px-Roman.Britain.Romanisation.jpg
To some extent, but it's difficult to say how much of the population there adopted Roman culture and Latin language. Only about 6% of the population of Roman Britain at the end of the 4th century was urbanised, while Roman culture was restricted mainly to the towns and not deep rooted, as it practically disappears in the sub-Roman period amongst the Britons.

[Mingle]

To some extent, but it's difficult to say how much of the population there adopted Roman culture and Latin language. Only about 6% of the population of Roman Britain at the end of the 4th century was urbanised, while Roman culture was restricted mainly to the towns and not deep rooted, as it practically disappears in the sub-Roman period amongst the Britons.
There have been at most around 10 Brythonic loanwords in Old English, but over 600 Latin loanwords in Old English. Brythonic loanwords in Old English are almost exclusively toponyms (which seem to be mainly transmitted by the medium of Latin e.g. *Londonjon > Londinium > London, so even these don't really count). And Latin loanwords in Old English aren't all fancy religious or legal terms, but include simpler words like wall, cheap, kettle, camp, history (stær), etc. If Southeast England was predominantly Celtic before the English came, then there shouldn't be virtually 0 Brythonic loanwords in Old English.

[J. Ketch]

There have been at most around 10 Brythonic loanwords in Old English, but over 600 Latin loanwords in Old English. Brythonic loanwords in Old English are almost exclusively toponyms (which seem to be mainly transmitted by the medium of Latin e.g. *Londonjon > Londinium > London, so even these don't really count). And Latin loanwords in Old English aren't all fancy religious or legal terms, but include simpler words like wall, cheap, kettle, camp, history (stær), etc. If Southeast England was predominantly Celtic before the English came, then there shouldn't be virtually 0 Brythonic loanwords in Old English.
That's a fair point but those Latin loanwords could have been brought in by the incoming Gaulish/Frankish population in Anglo-Saxon England. Remember that the genetic contribution of France IA people is larger than the contribution of Iron Age Britons in Southeast and East England according to the paper, and it apparently came after the Roman period, possibly as part of the conquering force alongside the Saxons. And East England had even less 'WBI' ancestry in the Middle Ages than now, judging by a recent paper late medieval Cambridgeshire had practically none.

[Mingle]

That's a fair point but those Latin loanwords could have been brought in by the incoming Gaulish/Frankish population in Anglo-Saxon England. Remember that the genetic contribution of France IA people is larger than the contribution of Iron Age Britons in Southeast and East England according to the paper, and it apparently came after the Roman period, possibly as part of the conquering force alongside the Saxons. And East England had even less 'WBI' ancestry in the Middle Ages than now, judging by a recent paper late medieval Cambridgeshire had practically none.
But if the Latin loanwords came into Old English via French IA people, then that means the Old English people got basically no loanwords at all from the local population (whether Brythonic or Romance). Having virtually no loanwords at all from the local population of Britain and only loanwords from other migrants (i.e. French IA) just seems implausible to me since interactions must have happened between the Old English and locals.

And considering that numerous English toponyms are derived from Latin/Latinized Brythonic toponyms (these Latin toponyms were from the Roman Britain period, so can't be from French IA), that means Latin words unrelated to French IA people were definitely borrowed in Old English. If toponyms could be taken from British Latin, then a lot of normal words (non-toponyms) could also be taken from them.

Still, there were hundreds of Latin loanwords in Old English. Even if some (or even most) were from French IA people, I doubt almost all of them were. Compare this to the loanwords from Brythonic which are basically non-existent.

[Ruggery]

Germanic people are not a people to mess with. Go ask Romans and ask Ancient Britons.

I still don't believe that is, if that were the case, 90% of the population of England would be indistinguishable from the Danes and Scandinavians and we know that this is not the case.

[DraviXi99]

I still don't believe that is, if that were the case, 90% of the population of England would be indistinguishable from the Danes and Scandinavians and we know that this is not the case.

True,england is probably a 50/50 of celtic britons and anglo - saxons.

[J. Ketch]

The study samples with <50% coverage filtered out

England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire:S3037__AD_680__Cov_5 5.13%,0.129758,0.147252,0.060716,0.049742,0.041238 ,0.023148,0.003525,0.002538,0.004295,-0.004556,-0.002436,0.004496,-0.008474,-0.005918,0.027416,0.012463,-0.002738,0.003294,0.001131,0.007879,0.003119,0.003 71,-0.001232,0.015303,-0.001796
England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire:S16508__AD_655__Cov_ 61.69%,0.129758,0.127957,0.065619,0.070737,0.04308 5,0.018686,0.00141,0.006692,0.009613,0.000729,-0.002436,0.004946,-0.017542,-0.014863,0.031351,0.008088,-0.015125,0.011655,0.00264,0.004627,0.00287,-0.001978,0.00037,0.020003,0.005149
England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire:S16509__AD_636__Cov_ 69.37%,0.134311,0.128972,0.066373,0.055879,0.04647 ,0.019243,0.009165,0.008077,-0.005318,-0.005467,-0.010393,0.002698,-0.008028,-0.026148,0.028773,0.020286,-0.002477,-0.005321,0.000503,0.00988,0.007237,0.008408,-0.002342,0.012893,0.001796
England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire:S16510__AD_620__Cov_ 68.84%,0.130897,0.142174,0.057322,0.048127,0.04185 4,0.01506,0.002585,0.001615,0.005318,-0.000547,0.002598,0.006894,-0.00996,-0.003165,0.020358,-0.00716,-0.019036,0.002407,0.010182,-0.006878,0.007112,0.007172,-0.011092,0.015183,0.001078
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:ELY002__AD_477__Cov_8 7.14%,0.12862,0.133034,0.062602,0.049419,0.044624, 0.015618,0.00846,0.006461,0.002659,-0.00164,-0.001949,0.006145,-0.009812,-0.014863,0.014386,0.014717,0.005085,0.001267,0.001 006,0.00963,0.006988,0.002102,-0.000986,0.025184,-0.002754
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:ELY005__AD_490__Cov_9 4.67%,0.132035,0.131003,0.067127,0.055879,0.042469 ,0.02008,0.006815,0.011307,0.000818,-0.003645,-0.00341,0.003897,-0.011744,-0.007294,0.021851,0.004375,-0.01356,0.00266,0.002514,0.010505,0.010107,0.01224 2,-0.00419,0.010483,-0.006227
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD001__AD_573__Cov_9 3.23%,0.12862,0.13405,0.062225,0.037468,0.041854,0 .013666,-0.003055,0.005769,0.004295,0.004556,-0.003085,0.008393,-0.012339,-0.011698,0.021444,0.000133,-0.013169,0.001647,-0.003394,-0.005378,0.010357,0.002968,0.002958,0.013616,-0.001796
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD002__AD_479__Cov_9 0.69%,0.129758,0.136081,0.062225,0.057817,0.040623 ,0.027331,0.00611,0.002538,-0.003681,-0.002551,-0.012017,0.001199,-0.011893,-0.010046,0.020629,0.009149,-0.00326,0.006841,0.012193,0.000875,0.011105,0.0032 15,0.000986,0.011206,0.000958
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD004__AD_500__Cov_6 2.02%,0.126344,0.133034,0.06939,0.059755,0.033237, 0.02008,0.003525,0.002308,0.00409,0.000729,-0.009094,0.005845,-0.008028,-0.022295,0.02253,0.007027,-0.015516,0.003927,0.010559,0.005628,0.006988,0.011 5,0.008627,0.010845,0.001676
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD005__AD_500__Cov_9 3.27%,0.125205,0.139128,0.070899,0.057494,0.047393 ,0.029841,-0.00047,0.011769,-0.001636,0.00164,-0.012017,0.00015,-0.005054,-0.003441,0.02823,-0.009281,-0.023208,-0.00114,0.005656,0.007629,0.016097,0.003462,0.0075 18,0.022774,0.002994
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD008__AD_500__Cov_6 2.31%,0.130897,0.132019,0.064865,0.063954,0.032314 ,0.02259,0.00235,0.010153,-0.008999,-0.007107,-0.006496,0.002398,-0.016947,-0.012524,0.011808,-0.00053,-0.020861,0.002914,0.005405,-0.001376,0.005241,0.004575,0.001356,0.014942,-0.002874
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD009__AD_500__Cov_6 8.44%,0.134311,0.136081,0.062225,0.05814,0.040007, 0.018128,0.00376,0.003231,0.008181,0.001276,-0.007307,0.006444,-0.009217,-0.013212,0.023344,0.007823,-0.007432,0.004181,0.00817,0.007879,0.006489,-0.00272,-0.007518,0.0241,-0.001197
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD010__AD_487__Cov_6 8.81%,0.126344,0.128972,0.062979,0.05814,0.037545, 0.02259,0.003055,0.003461,-0.000614,-0.008018,-0.005359,0.004796,-0.014866,-0.008808,0.021308,0.011005,-0.016037,0.012035,0.012067,0.012756,0.009109,0.005 564,0.008874,0.019039,0.001796
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD011__AD_500__Cov_7 7.39%,0.132035,0.13405,0.072784,0.070091,0.029236, 0.021753,0.00705,0.014307,-0.00225,-0.006014,-0.001461,0.001649,-0.010406,-0.011698,0.024973,0.015911,-0.007302,0.007221,0.000503,0.00075,0.01148,0.00173 1,0.005053,0.01928,-0.002994
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD012__AD_479__Cov_8 0.08%,0.12862,0.139128,0.062602,0.050065,0.043085, 0.018407,0.000705,-0.003461,0.009613,0.014397,-0.00065,0.006894,-0.015609,-0.006606,0.008686,0.006762,-0.011083,0.002534,0.000377,-0.000875,0.001872,0.002968,-0.00456,0.009278,-0.002515
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD013__AD_488__Cov_6 6.99%,0.130897,0.127957,0.063356,0.055233,0.031083 ,0.020638,-0.002115,0.000462,0.001841,-0.000547,-0.002436,0.005545,-0.010406,-0.018717,0.02538,0.011933,-0.010822,0.001394,0.003394,0.004627,0.008859,-0.000371,-0.007272,0.006868,-0.003712
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD014b__AD_500__Cov_ 81.21%,0.130897,0.129988,0.069767,0.059432,0.04339 3,0.021196,0.011516,0.005538,-0.002454,-0.00492,-0.000487,0.004196,-0.012487,-0.009083,0.02728,0.00411,-0.009648,0.002027,0.000126,0.003877,0.009608,0.006 554,0.010846,0.011688,-0.002155
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD015__AD_500__Cov_6 7.57%,0.126344,0.13405,0.067505,0.063631,0.042777, 0.015897,0.01081,0.008538,0.001432,-0.01057,-0.012017,0.003897,-0.009366,-0.015964,0.021851,0.007955,-0.001304,0.007095,0.006662,0.003502,0.011729,-0.003957,0.000739,0.013375,0.008981
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD016__AD_522__Cov_6 7.08%,0.126344,0.128972,0.075801,0.061047,0.0437,0 .02008,0.0094,0.007384,-0.000205,-0.008018,-0.003248,0.007194,-0.008771,-0.009634,0.026194,-0.002254,-0.011474,0.003294,0.00729,0.01063,0.007237,0.01545 7,0.006286,0.013014,0.001078
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD017__AD_482__Cov_7 8.33%,0.133173,0.13405,0.065242,0.052972,0.044008, 0.022032,0.001645,0.003692,-0.002659,-0.002187,0.001786,-0.004496,-0.011893,-0.021194,0.015336,0.019756,0.007302,0.00038,0.0038 97,0.006628,0.012852,0,-0.00456,0.009278,0.000958
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:HAD018__AD_573__Cov_7 2.87%,0.119514,0.13405,0.055437,0.041021,0.039392, 0.014223,-0.00329,0.005077,0.002454,0.007289,-0.000325,0.007643,-0.010555,-0.00867,0.018187,-0.001458,-0.014603,-0.008868,-0.002137,-0.001376,0.010606,0.001237,0.004314,0.014339,-0.001557
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI001__AD_500__Cov_5 7.77%,0.134311,0.139128,0.066373,0.0646,0.041238,0 .025937,0.00517,0.007154,-0.002454,-0.010023,-0.00682,0.004946,-0.008771,-0.011285,0.025108,0.01538,-0.002608,0.00228,0.00176,0.013131,0.001497,0.00840 8,-0.002588,0.014701,0.002994
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI003__AD_500__Cov_5 8.27%,0.133173,0.127957,0.06939,0.059109,0.053241, 0.022032,0.00517,0.014307,0.001636,0.000182,-0.012179,0.005995,-0.010704,-0.015827,0.026737,0.009944,-0.010431,0.003927,0.005908,0.01113,0.004367,-0.002349,-0.001725,0.010604,-0.00012
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI004__AD_559__Cov_9 7.25%,0.121791,0.135065,0.064865,0.048127,0.037238 ,0.015618,0.002585,0.004615,0.007158,0.003098,-0.007795,0.004946,-0.013825,-0.018579,0.022937,-0.001724,-0.023339,0.009502,-0.004777,0.008129,0.007986,0.001237,-0.003204,0.020967,-0.003952
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI005__AD_500__Cov_9 3.03%,0.132035,0.132019,0.067127,0.06783,0.043085, 0.02761,0.008225,0.011538,0.001432,-0.011481,-0.008444,0.006744,-0.005798,-0.011423,0.031351,-0.000663,-0.025555,0.011275,0.006788,0.003252,0.01148,0.0004 95,-0.000493,0.012652,-0.002155
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI007__AD_559__Cov_8 9.22%,0.126344,0.133034,0.064488,0.062016,0.031698 ,0.017849,0.000705,0.014769,0.004704,0.000547,-0.00065,0.008393,-0.012933,-0.012111,0.016015,-0.004906,-0.012386,0.006461,0.008547,0.002001,0.009109,0.000 247,0.003574,-0.000964,0.003832
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI008__AD_541__Cov_7 9.85%,0.133173,0.138112,0.055814,0.048773,0.040315 ,0.02008,-0.003525,0.003231,0.004909,0.003462,-0.009256,-0.00015,-0.00996,-0.007844,0.030537,0.011933,-0.008475,0.002534,-0.000628,0.004877,0.011105,0.006554,-0.003204,0.016749,-0.003592
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI009__AD_494__Cov_7 6.92%,0.130897,0.13405,0.069767,0.051034,0.046778, 0.021475,-0.0094,0.008538,0.0045,-0.00893,0.001461,0.007044,-0.01115,-0.006331,0.028637,0.009414,-0.010691,0.004941,0.004399,0.007379,0.009982,0.002 844,-0.000123,0.026751,-0.00491
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI010__AD_481__Cov_7 2.93%,0.136588,0.133034,0.07203,0.061693,0.042469, 0.023427,0.00987,-0.003923,-0.000205,-0.000364,-0.008282,0.003897,-0.017096,-0.008395,0.032437,0.012331,-0.006258,-0.002407,0.011941,0.005503,0,0.000247,0.002342,0.0 241,-0.002515
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI011__AD_500__Cov_7 9.85%,0.127482,0.133034,0.064111,0.059432,0.040315 ,0.018965,0.00705,0.006461,0.003886,-0.004556,-0.010718,0.001499,-0.008176,-0.006468,0.026601,0.013392,-0.010691,0.000887,0.00264,0.003627,0.007112,0.0003 71,-0.006902,0.013496,-0.001437
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI012__AD_476__Cov_7 5.04%,0.130897,0.135065,0.061094,0.04522,0.039392, 0.030678,0.00846,0.004615,0.005318,0.002187,0.0011 37,0.007343,-0.010109,-0.014175,0.017101,0.023071,0.008736,-0.000633,0.002011,0.013131,0.011729,0.008903,-0.001232,0.012773,0.002634
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI013__AD_490__Cov_7 5.06%,0.129758,0.137096,0.067505,0.057171,0.050163 ,0.028168,0.00799,0.015461,0.002454,0.001093,-0.006983,0.00045,-0.000892,-0.00234,0.02823,-0.001193,-0.022817,-0.001647,0.01257,0.007879,0.013102,0.011994,0.0054 23,0.019159,-0.002275
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI015__AD_497__Cov_7 0.23%,0.12862,0.135065,0.06675,0.066538,0.044008,0 .026495,0.001175,0.005769,-0.001227,0.00164,-0.00747,-0.0003,-0.013528,-0.019818,0.02728,0.016441,0.010561,0.006841,0.0105 59,0.005253,0.00549,0.003339,0.00456,0.006627,-0.00946
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:OAI016__AD_483__Cov_6 6.31%,0.12862,0.13405,0.059208,0.042959,0.043393,0 .01506,0.011516,0.004846,0.015953,0.01057,0.001786 ,0.003447,-0.00892,-0.013762,0.023615,-0.004773,-0.025555,-0.000253,-0.005782,0.003001,-0.00287,-0.000495,-0.001109,0.015062,0.006347
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire:S0766__AD_500__Cov_74 .84%,0.129758,0.140143,0.063356,0.055233,0.0437,0. 023427,0.008225,0.013384,0.004295,0.000182,-0.012179,0.008542,-0.013974,-0.012937,0.027144,0.016441,0.006519,-0.000253,-0.002137,0.015883,0.009109,0.008161,-0.006409,0.015544,0.003353
England_Saxon_Durham:S17277__AD_750__Cov_57.50%,0. 141141,0.139128,0.065996,0.058786,0.045239,0.01840 7,0.00752,0,-0.005318,0.006925,-0.008282,0.008692,-0.012339,-0.026424,0.024837,0.01127,-0.002999,0.003801,0.003394,0.002876,0.016845,-0.000124,-0.002588,0.00976,-0.006107
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK005__AD_498__Cov_59.81%,0.12 4067,0.133034,0.074293,0.074936,0.044624,0.029841, 0.005405,0.013384,0.002454,-0.007107,-0.008931,0.003747,-0.018137,-0.009358,0.026194,0.011933,-0.004694,-0.002534,0.013324,0.00963,0.017594,0.008779,0.0050 53,0.013737,-0.001676
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK009__AD_600__Cov_58.37%,0.12 0652,0.128972,0.073161,0.066215,0.045239,0.026495, 0.003995,0.008307,0.006136,-0.005103,-0.010068,0.008093,-0.005352,-0.007844,0.026601,0.004641,-0.014473,0.00038,0.007416,0.008629,0.016471,-0.001607,-0.011832,0.013978,0.001676
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK010__AD_600__Cov_52.85%,0.12 862,0.132019,0.072407,0.058463,0.044931,0.028168,0 .004935,0.011076,0.001227,-0.001822,-0.004547,0.002398,-0.008028,-0.011836,0.020901,0.008486,-0.008605,0.007221,0.004902,0.002501,0.006489,0.004 081,0.000493,0.016629,-0.003952
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK018__AD_600__Cov_68.31%,0.11 8376,0.125926,0.070522,0.055879,0.051086,0.022311, 0.00799,0.007154,-0.002045,-0.005649,0,0.005545,-0.010406,-0.010459,0.013029,0.018828,0.015385,0.000507,0.004 525,0.008004,0.013227,-0.001113,0.006039,0.012773,0.003473
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK019__AD_600__Cov_52.92%,0.10 5855,0.12491,0.041483,0.025517,0.036622,0.002789,0 .000705,0.006231,-0.002045,0.002369,-0.003248,0.001649,-0.013825,-0.000826,0.009772,0.002121,-0.003129,0.000507,0.000503,-0.007504,0.002371,-0.00507,-0.003821,0.003494,-0.007065
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK028__AD_600__Cov_52.05%,0.12 7482,0.126941,0.064488,0.057817,0.03693,0.016176,-0.000235,0.005307,0.006749,-0.000547,0.003573,0.006894,-0.010704,-0.011423,0.022122,-0.003182,-0.01356,0.000887,0.009302,-0.004002,0.009234,0.003339,-0.005546,0.015544,0.002994
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK030__AD_600__Cov_58.75%,0.11 9514,0.128972,0.071276,0.059109,0.043085,0.017291, 0.0047,0.004384,0.010635,-0.016948,0.000325,-0.001049,-0.002379,-0.015689,0.031216,0.003182,-0.007432,0.001647,-0.006159,0.004002,0.012977,0.002968,0.002465,0.021 087,0.002036
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK034__AD_600__Cov_58.86%,0.11 61,0.141159,0.055814,0.034561,0.047086,0.008367,-0.00705,0.005077,0.01268,0.014397,-0.006658,0.004646,-0.019623,-0.014588,0.021172,-0.009149,-0.014864,0.00152,0.004777,-0.002626,-0.000998,0.002226,-0.003328,0.001566,0.001557
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK038__AD_600__Cov_61.81%,0.11 2685,0.13405,0.057699,0.049742,0.036314,0.008925,-0.000705,0.000692,0.010022,0.002187,-0.008444,0.01139,-0.010258,-0.015964,0.024973,0.010077,0.007302,-0.004687,0.003268,0.003502,0.007112,0.005935,-0.001602,0.014339,-0.005269
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK039__AD_480__Cov_57.07%,0.12 5205,0.131003,0.066373,0.057817,0.036622,0.014781, 0.003055,0.005538,-0.005318,0.000364,-0.010718,0.007044,-0.012636,-0.010735,0.019951,0.004641,-0.007432,0.00114,0.000754,0.005503,0.011105,-0.001855,-0.008997,0.022292,0.001796
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK040__AD_600__Cov_55.77%,0.11 61,0.129988,0.06675,0.063631,0.039392,0.027052,0.0 03055,0.007846,0.002863,-0.00328,-0.002598,0.002398,-0.013082,-0.011698,0.031623,0.017634,-0.007171,-0.004434,0.004902,0.000625,0.013851,0.012984,-0.005176,0.008073,0.001078
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK041__AD_600__Cov_50.16%,0.12 0652,0.135065,0.06939,0.066538,0.041854,0.026495,0 .001645,0.010615,0.003477,-0.009112,-0.006333,0.003147,-0.009812,-0.007432,0.022258,0.009281,-0.010822,-0.000887,0.007039,0.015883,0.004367,0.008408,0.001 725,0.018195,-0.001557
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK043__AD_600__Cov_50.14%,0.11 3823,0.120848,0.074293,0.065569,0.043085,0.029841, 0.00047,0.008077,0.004704,-0.011116,-0.005359,0.008692,-0.012042,-0.016928,0.025244,0.010342,0.009257,0.000887,0.005 908,0.011005,0.005241,0.009892,0.007641,0.022051,0 .002515
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK044__AD_600__Cov_55.55%,0.12 7482,0.127957,0.065619,0.063954,0.038776,0.02008,-0.002115,0.009461,-0.000614,-0.011116,-0.00682,0.004946,-0.015461,-0.004817,0.032709,0.010607,0.012256,0.005828,0.008 17,0.009379,0.009234,0.005317,0.00037,0.015424,0.0 02515
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK045__AD_600__Cov_59.61%,0.11 61,0.136081,0.060339,0.06137,0.041546,0.0251,-0.00564,0.007615,0.008795,-0.007289,-0.01088,0.008093,-0.011298,-0.011973,0.028501,0.005834,-0.008996,0.000253,0.002514,0.003627,0.010731,-0.002597,0.011955,0.021449,0
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK046__AD_600__Cov_53.25%,0.11 2685,0.136081,0.055814,0.031331,0.043085,0.015339, 0.00094,0.01223,0.015953,0.002551,-0.008444,0.001649,-0.009068,-0.007432,0.017644,-0.001856,-0.016689,-0.004181,0.003017,-0.003252,-0.002745,0.011129,0.005669,0.009278,0.005269
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK048__AD_578__Cov_59.48%,0.12 0652,0.132019,0.062225,0.066215,0.045239,0.018407, 0.00423,0.009692,0.011658,-0.003462,-0.008607,0.000749,-0.009366,-0.003028,0.031351,0.006232,-0.012126,0.00076,-0.000126,0.005503,0.008984,0.002473,0.000123,0.022 654,-0.001317
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK049__AD_600__Cov_62.63%,0.12 2929,0.12491,0.059962,0.043282,0.042162,0.023427,0 .00376,0.006231,0.001841,0.001822,-0.008119,0.008393,-0.008176,-0.007432,0.014251,0.00411,-0.00339,-0.00076,0.001508,0.002501,0.006988,-0.001855,0.00037,0.000723,-0.003592
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK050__AD_600__Cov_61.81%,0.12 2929,0.138112,0.062979,0.058463,0.048009,0.020359, 0.00282,0.003692,0.002863,0.001093,-0.003248,0.001499,-0.013825,-0.013074,0.02823,0.019888,0.002738,0.00228,0.00339 4,0.012256,0.009608,0.015828,0.002465,0.012773,0.0 00958
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK055__AD_600__Cov_58.42%,0.12 7482,0.132019,0.064488,0.048773,0.037853,0.012271,-0.00423,0.005538,0.000614,0.005467,-0.01023,0.003597,-0.015015,-0.022157,0.017236,0.018828,0.009648,0.002154,0.002 263,0.004502,0.010731,0.003957,0.003204,0.01205,-0.000958
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK056__AD_600__Cov_50.27%,0.12 4067,0.132019,0.075424,0.045866,0.038469,0.021753,-0.00141,0.007615,0.001432,-0.004009,-0.005684,0.008393,-0.013825,-0.007982,0.024565,-0.008751,-0.018515,-0.001014,-0.001508,0.001126,0.010107,0.006677,-0.000493,0.012411,0.004071
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK057__AD_600__Cov_52.43%,0.11 3823,0.121864,0.064488,0.055556,0.046162,0.016176,-0.00047,0.003692,0.011044,0.008565,-0.006008,0.010191,-0.012487,-0.018441,0.023615,0.025192,0.0103,0.003421,0.00339 4,0.007379,0.009234,0.001731,-0.004807,0.006025,-0.003113
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK058__AD_600__Cov_53.85%,0.11 8376,0.131003,0.055814,0.041344,0.032621,0.018128,-0.002585,-0.000231,0.005931,0.010205,-0.005684,0.003747,-0.008028,-0.015414,0.013843,-0.001458,-0.015125,0.00266,0.00352,0.002251,0.009483,0.01038 7,-0.000986,-0.000964,0.003113
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK059__AD_485__Cov_56.51%,0.11 8376,0.132019,0.062602,0.052003,0.041238,0.021475, 0.00376,0.011538,0.003068,-0.007654,0.001786,0.003747,-0.019029,-0.009221,0.019272,-0.002652,-0.024643,0.004054,0.007919,0.003001,0.009358,0.010 263,-0.000616,0.003374,0.003473
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK062__AD_600__Cov_59.75%,0.12 1791,0.127957,0.061848,0.050388,0.038776,0.01757,-0.0047,0.008538,0.004295,0.001458,-0.012179,0.004346,-0.006987,-0.009358,0.021308,0.009944,-0.003781,0,0.002263,0.001626,0.007986,0.003586,-0.001849,0.015665,-0.000239
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK064__AD_600__Cov_58.48%,0.12 2929,0.138112,0.062979,0.052649,0.033237,0.029841,-0.003525,0.004615,0.012885,0.004009,-0.011042,0.006894,-0.010109,-0.007019,0.020901,-0.00769,-0.020731,-0.00228,-0.003017,0.008129,0.009234,0.002968,-0.005793,0.006025,0.004191
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK069__AD_600__Cov_51.87%,0.11 9514,0.136081,0.067505,0.047481,0.0397,0.026216,-0.004465,0.012923,0.006954,0.004374,-0.006658,0.005995,-0.012933,-0.003991,0.021037,-0.002519,-0.016559,0.005448,0.00352,-0.003377,0.012104,0.005935,-0.006162,0.002169,-0.000718
England_Saxon_Kent:BUK073__AD_600__Cov_58.86%,0.12 6344,0.122879,0.070899,0.06137,0.042469,0.022032,0 .00141,0.008769,-0.001841,-0.013668,-0.011854,0.000599,-0.009366,-0.018304,0.020087,0.012331,-0.01343,0.002914,0.011313,0.006253,0.005241,0.0044 51,0.000739,0.00976,-0.006466
England_Saxon_Kent:EAS001__AD_630__Cov_84.46%,0.12 5205,0.132019,0.053928,0.043928,0.038776,0.004741, 0.00329,0.006923,-0.00409,0.01385,0.002761,0.015286,-0.019623,-0.006881,0.015608,0.00411,-0.005607,-0.002914,0.006285,-0.004627,-0.000499,0.001731,0.007765,0.014701,0.000239
England_Saxon_Kent:EAS006__AD_650__Cov_65.33%,0.12 2929,0.129988,0.051666,0.037145,0.036622,0.019522, 0.00423,0.003923,-0.001227,0.006014,-0.001949,0.007793,-0.014569,-0.011836,0.009908,0.013524,0.011735,0.000253,0.009 804,0.002376,0.003244,0.001237,0.002218,0.015062,-0.001078
England_Saxon_Kent:POH003__AD_700__Cov_65.15%,0.12 862,0.133034,0.070144,0.069122,0.038161,0.034582,0 .00423,0.005769,0.009204,-0.010205,-0.001624,-0.000899,-0.004014,-0.003853,0.024973,0.009281,-0.01708,-0.002787,0.006034,0.006253,0.006738,0.001731,0.006 162,0.020123,0.001796
England_Saxon_Kent:POH004__AD_610__Cov_68.67%,0.12 9758,0.118817,0.06675,0.053295,0.050779,0.025379,0 .0047,0.007615,0.003681,0.002005,-0.002761,0.01124,-0.022448,-0.022295,0.028094,0.013789,0.00691,0.006588,0.0003 77,0.016633,0.014599,0.010634,-0.004683,0.021931,0.003233
England_Saxon_Kent:POH005__AD_720__Cov_59.03%,0.12 9758,0.136081,0.059585,0.055233,0.0397,0.015897,0. 010105,0.007846,0.008181,0.010023,-0.001299,0.005245,-0.00892,-0.014588,0.013301,0.01074,0.005346,0.00076,0.00565 6,0.001626,0.00549,0.004699,0.001109,0.005061,-0.00934
England_Saxon_Kent:POH007__AD_700__Cov_55.04%,0.13 3173,0.13405,0.064488,0.053295,0.040931,0.010598,-0.00564,0.009692,0.011658,0.007472,-0.003573,0.004496,-0.004311,-0.012799,0.017236,0.014585,-0.012778,-0.000633,0.007039,-0.003502,0.004866,0.006059,-0.000493,0.015062,0.002874
England_Saxon_Kent:POH008__AD_573__Cov_68.56%,0.13 2035,0.133034,0.066373,0.065569,0.049855,0.025937, 0.003995,0.008538,0.001227,0.006378,-0.000974,0.001948,-0.01115,-0.00867,0.019544,-0.00411,-0.022035,0.007601,0.010182,0.002501,0.006988,0.003 957,-0.001109,0.010122,-0.000479
England_Saxon_Kent:POH009__AD_624__Cov_65.64%,0.12 862,0.137096,0.069767,0.059109,0.044008,0.017291,0 .01034,0.008769,0.006136,0.00328,-0.005196,0.004196,-0.015163,-0.018992,0.023751,0.030628,0.00691,-0.000633,0.01257,0.008754,0.00861,0.000989,-0.002465,0.020846,-0.002155
England_Saxon_Lincolnshire:S3044__AD_1055__Cov_67. 28%,0.135449,0.132019,0.061094,0.056525,0.037853,0 .020359,0.003525,0.011538,-0.003681,-0.002005,-0.009743,0.001649,-0.001338,0.000688,0.017644,0.010077,-0.00339,0.00114,0.007919,-0.001501,0.004866,-0.006306,-0.001972,0.017593,0.001437
England_Saxon_Norfolk:SED004__AD_775__Cov_64.54%,0 .125205,0.128972,0.065996,0.050388,0.0397,0.023148 ,0.001175,0.000923,-0.00859,-0.006378,-0.005684,0.009591,-0.009217,-0.015138,0.021037,0.020419,0.009909,0.001267,0.000 503,0.005878,0.003868,0.009027,0,0.008796,0.004191
England_Saxon_Norfolk:SED005__AD_775__Cov_62.42%,0 .124067,0.13405,0.067882,0.052326,0.036007,0.02342 7,0.00423,0.007615,0.001636,-0.006925,-0.004222,0.001649,-0.006541,-0.015689,0.023344,0.007823,0.004303,-0.00076,0.000377,0.01038,0.009608,-0.002226,-0.002588,0.015544,0.002155
England_Saxon_Norfolk:SED008__AD_775__Cov_50.48%,0 .12862,0.133034,0.062979,0.055556,0.042469,0.02147 5,0.00846,0.011999,0.005931,-0.008201,-0.001624,0.010341,-0.008622,-0.000138,0.023751,0.00358,0.000782,0.005321,-0.00088,0.006003,0.009733,0.006677,-0.003451,0.019521,-0.000838
England_Saxon_Norfolk:SED013__AD_775__Cov_63.01%,0 .135449,0.140143,0.070899,0.055879,0.039084,0.0211 96,0.00141,0.013153,-0.002863,-0.002369,-0.006171,0.002248,-0.00446,-0.008395,0.020765,-0.003845,-0.028424,0.006714,0.010684,0.002751,0.009982,0.003 462,-0.008134,0.018316,0.002994
England_Saxon_Norfolk:SED014__AD_795__Cov_51.90%,0 .126344,0.139128,0.064111,0.052972,0.042162,0.0253 79,0.00517,-0.002308,0.002659,-0.007472,-0.009743,0.0003,-0.006838,-0.004266,0.013301,0.017502,0.013169,0.004307,0.004 902,0.012631,0.001622,-0.000866,0.003451,0.018677,-0.005029
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK001__AD_571__Cov_80.71%,0 .130897,0.131003,0.067505,0.060078,0.047701,0.0228 69,0.00564,0.010615,0.002659,-0.009294,-0.008769,0,-0.007879,-0.00055,0.016694,-0.004508,-0.0236,0.000887,0.00264,0.003752,0.003619,0.005812 ,-0.002095,0.014821,-0.002395
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK002__AD_480__Cov_82.62%,0 .125205,0.129988,0.060716,0.056202,0.045239,0.0145 02,-0.00423,0.010846,0.002454,0.000729,-0.002761,0.009591,-0.008622,-0.007707,0.019951,0.006099,-0.000652,0.006334,0.002137,0.009129,0.015722,0.002 597,-0.000123,0.012893,-0.013532
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK003__AD_475__Cov_67.38%,0 .121791,0.132019,0.066373,0.049419,0.047393,0.0167 33,-0.003995,0.008077,0.005522,-0.007472,0.007145,0.007493,-0.012785,-0.010872,0.026873,-0.005967,-0.015907,-0.00114,0.003394,0.003877,0.005116,0.00371,0.00061 6,0.012773,-0.001676
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK004__AD_483__Cov_68.34%,0 .119514,0.12491,0.068636,0.066538,0.046778,0.02788 9,0.00094,0.00923,-0.001227,-0.00492,-0.000487,-0.001798,-0.005649,-0.004954,0.025651,0.00053,-0.007693,0.003041,0.000754,0.007504,0.012353,0.002 968,-0.008504,0.01928,0.003233
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK005__AD_500__Cov_71.95%,0 .125205,0.129988,0.062602,0.060078,0.040623,0.0273 31,-0.00282,0.005769,0.001227,0.000729,-0.00682,0.01079,-0.011596,-0.007432,0.022122,0.015248,-0.000522,0.007855,0.006411,0.005628,0.008735,0.004 328,0.001109,0.018677,-0.005628
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK006__AD_500__Cov_77.39%,0 .124067,0.122879,0.06939,0.060724,0.038776,0.02314 8,-0.000235,0.005077,-0.001227,-0.007289,-0.009256,0.007194,-0.009514,-0.010459,0.031351,0.00305,-0.015776,0.000633,0.005154,0.004002,0.007362,0.010 758,0.000616,0.01928,-0.003473
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK007__AD_570__Cov_81.41%,0 .124067,0.131003,0.068259,0.056202,0.0437,0.009482 ,0.008225,0.002769,-0.002045,-0.004374,-0.004222,0.002997,-0.005798,-0.006331,0.022801,0.005701,-0.011995,0.004687,0.005405,0.006628,0.009733,0.009 027,-0.003081,0.013616,0.008861
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK008__AD_490__Cov_62.36%,0 .127482,0.13405,0.07467,0.066538,0.052933,0.020359 ,0.002585,0.011076,-0.00409,-0.009841,-0.002923,0.002847,-0.011893,-0.013349,0.03393,0.004641,-0.014733,0.000127,0.009302,0.001376,0.010606,0.000 247,-0.001972,0.010122,-0.002155
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK009__AD_500__Cov_76.61%,0 .127482,0.126941,0.067882,0.054587,0.04647,0.01840 7,0.009635,0.016384,0.010226,0.00164,-0.003248,0.003447,-0.00773,-0.007156,0.022801,0.004641,-0.002868,0.004434,0.003897,0.014132,0.003868,0.001 855,0.002835,0.018677,-0.006347
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK010__AD_522__Cov_72.53%,0 .122929,0.133034,0.060716,0.044574,0.039084,0.0237 06,0.004935,0.004846,0.003681,0.012028,-0.00682,0.006894,-0.012785,-0.009909,0.019815,0.006099,-0.011213,0.005194,0.003645,0.006503,0.016097,0.005 812,-0.001725,0.012652,-0.002994
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK011__AD_506__Cov_78.61%,0 .119514,0.141159,0.069013,0.056848,0.044008,0.0228 69,0.00893,0.009692,0.00859,0.001276,-0.007307,0.001349,-0.011744,-0.004817,0.025923,-0.00411,-0.032335,0.003167,0.009427,0.003752,0.00574,0.0082 85,0.002342,0.010724,-0.000359
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK012__AD_493__Cov_78.82%,0 .125205,0.140143,0.071276,0.050065,0.03416,0.01784 9,0.00188,0.000923,0.005522,0.00656,-0.003897,0.007343,-0.015609,-0.009221,0.026737,0.007027,0.003651,-0.001014,0.005908,0.011005,0.008485,0.004946,-0.004437,0.018798,0.002634
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK013__AD_500__Cov_69.94%,0 .118376,0.129988,0.064111,0.058786,0.046162,0.0248 21,0.006345,0.009923,0.001023,-0.007107,-0.005521,0.005545,-0.011744,-0.006744,0.023887,0.009546,-0.011474,0,0.005154,0.005378,0.01123,0.007666,-0.004807,0.020003,-0.000359
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK014__AD_500__Cov_62.63%,0 .121791,0.12491,0.068636,0.062985,0.039392,0.01171 3,-0.00094,0.013615,0.008181,0.000729,-0.006983,0.014837,-0.01442,-0.010872,0.019001,0.006232,0.001304,0.009375,0.004 022,0.018884,0.012603,0.002349,0.000493,0.022774,-0.007065
England_Saxon_Suffolk:LAK015__AD_500__Cov_68.34%,0 .129758,0.139128,0.067127,0.055233,0.041238,0.0242 63,-0.00141,0.006231,0.00409,-0.006378,-0.009094,0.005245,-0.008325,-0.010322,0.025787,0.005304,-0.021253,0.00076,0.007668,0.005253,0.012478,0.0064 3,0.003328,0.010242,-0.000838
England_Saxon_Sussex:S14533__AD_600__Cov_55.00%,0. 127482,0.136081,0.057322,0.031008,0.037545,0.00948 2,0.00329,0.002077,0.010635,0.006743,-0.000812,-0.00015,-0.011001,-0.014588,0.013165,0.009812,-0.001956,0.00152,-0.001383,-0.004377,0.010107,0.006059,-0.007888,0.008194,-0.004311
England_Saxon_Sussex:S14534__AD_600__Cov_69.74%,0. 129758,0.125926,0.054305,0.040698,0.030467,0.02119 6,0.00235,0.009923,0.003886,0.006378,-0.008607,0.005095,-0.015907,-0.007569,0.019408,0.002254,-0.015516,-0.00152,-0.001006,-0.0005,-0.005865,0.001731,-0.006779,0.013375,-0.005389
England_Saxon_Sussex:S14535__AD_600__Cov_56.36%,0. 127482,0.139128,0.05506,0.034561,0.057241,0.008088 ,0.004465,0.006,0.015544,0.023326,-0.005846,0.011839,-0.012933,-0.018717,0.016151,0.012994,0.007823,0.005574,0.007 542,0.010255,0.004243,0.009274,-0.0053,0.008555,-0.000958
England_Saxon_Sussex:S14536__AD_600__Cov_59.52%,0. 127482,0.14319,0.060339,0.033592,0.048932,0.018686 ,-0.001645,0.004384,0.005113,0.016766,-0.002273,0.009891,-0.018583,-0.016515,0.017779,0.004906,0.002477,-0.000253,0.006034,0,0.012228,0.004822,-0.010723,0.001687,-0.010897
England_Saxon_Sussex:S14538__AD_600__Cov_62.00%,0. 126344,0.135065,0.053174,0.034561,0.038776,0.01199 2,0.000235,0.003,0.006749,0.006196,-0.000487,0.004196,-0.012487,-0.008945,0.010586,0.003315,0.000652,0.002914,0.009 804,0.008379,0.006988,0.00507,0.001356,0.004699,-0.006227
England_Saxon_Sussex:S14541__AD_600__Cov_67.34%,0. 118376,0.13405,0.050157,0.036499,0.033852,0.020917 ,-0.002585,0.009,0.008385,0.00656,-0.008119,0.003597,-0.01442,-0.011698,0.021308,0.00716,0.005215,0,0.002388,0.00 6878,-0.002121,0.002968,-0.007272,0.00723,-0.010059
England_Saxon_Sussex:S14542__AD_600__Cov_62.05%,0. 130897,0.141159,0.061471,0.039406,0.032621,0.02314 8,0.002115,0.003692,0.008999,0.00492,-0.002111,0.007343,-0.011744,-0.015276,0.013165,-0.000663,-0.017471,0.003927,-0.002514,-0.001251,0.01435,0.003586,-0.003328,0.000361,-0.005628
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S11587__AD_550__Cov_54.18% ,0.130897,0.131003,0.061094,0.057494,0.040931,0.02 3706,-0.00141,0.001154,0.003886,0.002187,-0.008282,0.005695,-0.012933,-0.012524,0.020629,-0.001061,-0.009779,0.006841,0.01081,0.006878,0.012728,0.0007 42,0.005423,0.006989,-0.003592
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S11589__AD_550__Cov_62.28% ,0.122929,0.129988,0.059208,0.051034,0.037238,0.01 1992,0.00329,0.005538,0.00225,-0.00492,-0.00341,0.005695,-0.00996,-0.009358,0.019951,0.018165,0.015776,-0.002787,0.006285,0.014007,0.006364,0.006554,-0.002711,0.006748,0.006466
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S11590__AD_550__Cov_53.88% ,0.124067,0.126941,0.071276,0.058786,0.039392,0.01 255,0.006815,0.007615,-0.003272,-0.013485,-0.002436,0.007493,-0.008771,-0.01968,0.02348,0.022275,0.01017,-0.006081,0.003142,0.008879,0.009608,0.006059,0.007 518,0.020726,0.000239
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17268__AD_780__Cov_57.38% ,0.129758,0.131003,0.069767,0.063308,0.040007,0.02 1475,0.004465,0.002077,-0.00225,-0.004556,-0.008769,0.001948,-0.013974,-0.009634,0.02823,0.005171,-0.004433,0.005954,0.000503,0.008504,0.012603,0.004 081,0.005053,0.02169,0.001437
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17269__AD_750__Cov_60.02% ,0.132035,0.132019,0.068636,0.061693,0.042162,0.01 757,0.000235,0.013615,-0.001432,-0.011663,-0.004222,0.002698,-0.015312,-0.015964,0.025515,0.014983,0.008214,-0.00038,0.002137,0.018384,0.010606,0.000866,-0.001109,0.009881,-0.006107
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17270__AD_750__Cov_56.41% ,0.12862,0.137096,0.073916,0.0646,0.044624,0.01199 2,0.00705,0.011769,0.001841,-0.008018,0.000974,0.00015,-0.004757,-0.016239,0.024158,0.016176,0.018384,0.004054,-0.003771,0.014757,0.005615,0.008779,0.007888,0.015 906,0.006945
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17271__AD_750__Cov_60.63% ,0.133173,0.138112,0.079195,0.060724,0.037853,0.01 8407,0.00047,0.009692,0.00634,-0.00656,-0.00341,0.000599,-0.005352,-0.014726,0.019679,0.015513,-0.007432,-0.00152,-0.000251,-0.001626,0.013975,0.007296,-0.001725,0.015183,0.010777
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17272__AD_550__Cov_55.54% ,0.122929,0.127957,0.066373,0.05491,0.046778,0.033 188,0.003525,0.014307,0.001636,-0.008565,0.00065,0.004796,-0.0055,-0.017203,0.026465,0.001458,-0.00665,0.002154,0.003394,0.006253,0.00287,-0.003462,-0.005176,0.010242,-0.002634
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17273__AD_550__Cov_59.70% ,0.129758,0.13405,0.076933,0.05814,0.045239,0.0231 48,-0.00094,0.018461,0.003068,-0.006925,-0.001461,0.002248,-0.008622,-0.004679,0.026601,-0.000133,-0.017341,0.007221,-0.000251,0.004002,0.008735,0.004081,0.00456,0.0180 75,-0.007185
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17274__AD_550__Cov_58.51% ,0.134311,0.139128,0.065242,0.058463,0.0437,0.0251 ,0.004935,0.011307,0.000409,-0.007107,-0.007145,-0.001199,-0.00446,0.00578,0.02348,0.005834,-0.010561,0.006334,0.012067,0.008504,0.012228,-0.001855,0.004067,0.023979,-0.001317
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17275__AD_550__Cov_56.85% ,0.130897,0.13405,0.06939,0.062662,0.046778,0.0276 1,0.006345,0.005538,0.002863,-0.002734,-0.008444,0.004496,-0.010258,-0.015414,0.031894,0.020286,0.015776,-0.007728,0.007039,0.018259,0.003743,0.011623,0.001 602,0.022774,-0.006945
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S17276__AD_550__Cov_76.58% ,0.138864,0.131003,0.056945,0.052649,0.043085,0.01 4502,0.002585,0.009692,0.007772,-0.004738,0.007795,0.004796,-0.007879,-0.008533,0.014115,0.014452,-0.004955,0.004307,0.004651,0.01013,0.012228,0.0124 89,0.001849,0.006868,0.000239
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20640__AD_550__Cov_76.80% ,0.125205,0.136081,0.076178,0.063308,0.051086,0.02 2311,0.011751,0.004384,-0.001227,0.000364,-0.001461,0.01079,-0.009812,-0.003303,0.028908,-0.001989,-0.015776,0.00228,0.002011,0.008629,0.013227,0.0044 51,-0.008751,0.00964,0.000838
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20641__AD_550__Cov_64.90% ,0.129758,0.128972,0.065242,0.061693,0.042469,0.02 008,0.006815,-0.002077,0.003681,-0.008201,-0.007145,0.006894,-0.008176,-0.008808,0.024294,0.006364,-0.027511,0.003674,0.006536,-0.000875,0.012603,0.002844,-0.005053,0.01446,-0.0097
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20644__AD_550__Cov_80.70% ,0.132035,0.14319,0.060339,0.036499,0.048009,0.011 156,0.007755,-0.000692,0.008999,0.01713,-0.005521,0.005995,-0.011893,-0.017478,0.016015,0.008618,0.012778,-0.000633,-0.002011,0.007379,0.003743,0.00272,0.001356,0.0098 81,-0.005029
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20646__AD_550__Cov_65.90% ,0.127482,0.132019,0.068259,0.066215,0.039084,0.02 0917,0.00047,0.010846,0.005113,-0.006925,-0.009581,0.001049,-0.004014,-0.007569,0.023344,0.017767,-0.001173,0.008361,0.000251,0.002251,0.008735,-0.000618,-0.004683,0.014821,0.000479
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20649__AD_525__Cov_58.17% ,0.125205,0.136081,0.068259,0.063308,0.040931,0.02 4542,-0.004465,0.010846,0.003068,-0.01057,-0.009906,0.00045,-0.008622,-0.002615,0.027551,-0.007558,-0.024382,0.011022,0.005908,0.002501,0.00549,0.0014 84,0.003204,0.015424,-0.002275
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20650__AD_575__Cov_67.92% ,0.129758,0.127957,0.063733,0.05491,0.042777,0.027 889,0.00282,0.006923,-0.000409,-0.009294,-0.009094,0.007493,-0.011744,-0.009358,0.029451,0.000133,-0.028293,0.008361,0.013324,-0.000875,0.00836,0.001484,-0.003081,0.016508,-0.00491
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20652__AD_550__Cov_83.12% ,0.136588,0.136081,0.076178,0.055556,0.032929,0.02 6216,-0.003055,0.005077,0.008999,-0.005649,-0.007145,0.008692,-0.015163,-0.003441,0.027416,-0.002652,-0.018645,0.0019,0.003771,0.004002,0.006863,0.00507 ,0.003574,0.011568,-0.007664
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20654__AD_500__Cov_79.69% ,0.135449,0.138112,0.069767,0.056848,0.037853,0.02 0917,0.01034,0.011076,0.001432,-0.00893,-0.003897,0.011839,-0.007284,-0.016652,0.013436,0.018828,0.00665,0.005194,0.0110 61,0.009129,0.006489,0.003339,-0.009244,0.024582,0.001437
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20655__AD_550__Cov_69.55% ,0.127482,0.136081,0.073916,0.053618,0.044316,0.02 3148,0.002585,0.001615,0.003272,-0.001093,-0.004872,0.012139,0.001933,-0.010735,0.019408,0.019888,0.011343,0.0019,-0.00088,0.008254,0.008235,-0.003462,0.011585,0.015665,-0.007544
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20656__AD_550__Cov_72.64% ,0.129758,0.123895,0.070899,0.063308,0.040623,0.01 5897,0.004465,0.010384,0.00225,-0.005285,-0.003735,0.007943,-0.015758,-0.002064,0.030401,0.017634,-0.007953,0.002787,0.002765,0.008379,0.013975,0.007 048,-0.004067,0.013134,-0.001557
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20658__AD_575__Cov_74.45% ,0.129758,0.131003,0.070522,0.067184,0.043085,0.02 7052,0.003525,0.007615,-0.000409,-0.008018,-0.006496,0.006294,-0.004757,-0.012111,0.025923,0.005569,-0.009518,0.003167,0.002137,0.003627,0.006988,0.005 688,-0.0053,0.011929,0.001437
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20659__AD_550__Cov_72.68% ,0.129758,0.137096,0.065619,0.042959,0.044624,0.01 9243,0.00517,0.005769,0.00859,-0.001458,-0.008444,0.008393,-0.008325,-0.015964,0.02158,0.013392,-0.009518,0.006588,0.008296,-0.004752,0.003993,0.002102,0.007765,0.010122,-0.006107
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20660__AD_550__Cov_71.70% ,0.132035,0.135065,0.067882,0.058786,0.033237,0.01 7012,0.0047,-0.002308,0,-0.01221,0.000325,0.002997,-0.010704,-0.010046,0.031894,0.011138,-0.016168,0.002914,0.004651,0.008754,0.009733,0.009 274,0.001356,0.023497,-0.005748
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20661__AD_550__Cov_72.16% ,0.127482,0.13405,0.076178,0.065892,0.040623,0.016 733,0.007755,0.010384,0.001432,-0.012757,-0.012991,0.002548,-0.008622,-0.008808,0.03393,0.016441,-0.0103,0.00114,0.008045,0.002376,0.000749,0.004081 ,-0.001232,0.01699,-0.006107
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20668__AD_575__Cov_74.04% ,0.129758,0.139128,0.060716,0.05814,0.042469,0.014 223,0.00235,0.011769,0.003886,-0.011845,0.001461,0.009741,-0.010704,-0.007844,0.024022,0.00716,-0.004563,0.002787,-0.001508,0.004752,0.007736,0.003833,0.004314,0.014 58,0.00491
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20670__AD_525__Cov_71.08% ,0.125205,0.138112,0.058077,0.054587,0.039392,0.02 2032,0.003525,0.003692,-0.000614,-0.006378,-0.000487,0.003297,-0.015758,-0.00523,0.029451,0.004906,-0.005607,-0.00076,0.00905,0.004877,0.008735,0.005193,0.00628 6,0.017472,-0.000838
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20671__AD_550__Cov_77.08% ,0.12862,0.139128,0.06675,0.056848,0.03693,0.02342 7,0.006345,0.002769,-0.000614,0.00328,-0.001624,0.01169,-0.017988,-0.011698,0.025515,0.00411,-0.00691,0.002787,0.004777,-0.001876,0.003494,0.001237,0.000616,0.018798,0.000 239
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20673__AD_550__Cov_54.19% ,0.136588,0.132019,0.070144,0.060401,0.041546,0.01 4781,-0.00423,-0.004154,-0.005113,-0.005832,-0.00406,0.011839,-0.00669,-0.002615,0.017915,0.006497,-0.018906,0.007981,0.008422,0.004377,0.008735,0.003 586,-0.00456,0.012773,0.00491
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20674__AD_550__Cov_66.13% ,0.127482,0.131003,0.065619,0.067184,0.043393,0.02 0359,0.0047,0.004384,0.004704,-0.005649,-0.000974,0.000899,-0.009663,-0.010459,0.028773,0.007292,-0.000782,0.008235,0.008547,0.003252,0.008111,0.010 263,0.006162,0.017472,-0.002395
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20677__AD_525__Cov_79.52% ,0.133173,0.131003,0.081835,0.063308,0.045547,0.02 2869,-0.000235,0.009,0.006136,-0.009659,-0.003897,0.001349,-0.012042,-0.001101,0.029723,0.003182,-0.029597,0.002154,-0.000754,0.003252,0.00549,0.005441,0.008874,0.0187 98,-0.000958
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20678__AD_550__Cov_65.25% ,0.124067,0.135065,0.073916,0.057494,0.038776,0.01 6733,0.00752,0.003,0.006749,-0.007654,0.000812,0.00015,-0.013231,-0.003991,0.028637,0.006099,-0.018645,0.005954,-0.001006,0.002501,0.01148,0.008161,0.005546,0.0108 45,-0.009221
England_Saxon_Yorkshire:S20679__AD_550__Cov_78.28% ,0.129758,0.136081,0.06675,0.056848,0.040623,0.030 678,0.00376,0.012923,0.013294,-0.011299,-0.002761,-0.001798,-0.008325,-0.00234,0.016694,0.00305,-0.008475,0.006334,0.005656,0.008254,0.004492,0.000 742,-0.001972,0.012893,-0.000239
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN001__AD_829__Cov_72.36%,0. 126344,0.13405,0.04186,0.021964,0.033852,0.011435,-0.00423,0.001154,-0.001841,0.007472,-0.001137,0.006594,-0.005649,-0.006331,0.011401,0.008618,-0.00678,0.00152,0.006411,0.001,0.006114,0.010016,-0.006902,0.010001,0.001796
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN002__AD_750__Cov_71.00%,0. 122929,0.128972,0.062979,0.052326,0.037545,0.02175 3,0.003525,0.008307,0.001023,-0.010387,-0.009581,0.002248,-0.007433,-0.008533,0.026058,0.005436,-0.005085,0.000253,-0.001006,0.007379,0.011105,0.000495,0.003697,0.020 244,-0.001437
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN003__AD_770__Cov_70.11%,0. 117238,0.137096,0.063733,0.047481,0.047701,0.01310 8,-0.001645,0.005077,0.00634,0.003462,-0.00747,-0.002548,-0.0055,-0.004954,0.021444,0.005436,-0.008214,-0.00114,0.000503,0.005378,0.001373,0.007296,-0.002711,0.015906,-0.001317
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN005__AD_856__Cov_76.97%,0. 124067,0.14319,0.056945,0.039083,0.045547,0.011713 ,0.00282,0.010615,0.011658,0.014943,-0.007145,0.004346,-0.002973,-0.004679,0.020629,-0.001061,-0.019036,0.003167,0.002263,0.000125,0.002496,0.012 86,-0.004314,0.01458,-0.00012
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN006__AD_750__Cov_76.75%,0. 12862,0.13405,0.072407,0.05814,0.036622,0.022032,0 .002115,0.006923,-0.000205,-0.006196,-0.01088,0.000749,-0.002081,-0.012248,0.012622,0.009812,-0.003651,0.001647,0.002388,-0.00075,0.00549,0.009398,-0.007272,0.015424,0.000479
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN007__AD_750__Cov_75.30%,0. 126344,0.132019,0.063356,0.050711,0.044008,0.01087 7,0,0.002538,0.000818,-0.003645,-0.011042,0.005545,-0.00996,-0.012248,0.022122,0.005967,-0.005476,-0.000253,0.001006,0.013006,0.01148,0.004081,0.0040 67,0.015906,0.005868
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN008__AD_883__Cov_78.96%,0. 120652,0.132019,0.04978,0.040052,0.033237,0.018407 ,-0.00423,0.000231,0.004909,0.006378,0.001786,0.0089 92,-0.002527,-0.015964,0.013301,0.020154,0.010691,-0.008742,-0.000126,0.002001,0.001497,0.001607,0.00493,0.0204 85,-0.001557
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN009__AD_750__Cov_69.00%,0. 124067,0.140143,0.050911,0.037791,0.047701,0.01338 7,0.00094,0.007154,0.003681,0.004009,-0.004872,0.005995,-0.013082,-0.004954,0.012351,-0.010077,-0.015907,0.003294,0,-0.003502,0.009608,0.006554,-0.004683,0.01446,0.008861
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN010__AD_750__Cov_75.20%,0. 122929,0.138112,0.04714,0.034561,0.041854,0.01255,-0.003055,0.006692,0.003068,0,-0.004547,0.004796,-0.012636,0,0.014522,-0.007425,-0.018123,-0.003041,-0.000126,-0.001626,0.006239,0.012984,-0.008751,0.018557,0.011017
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN011__AD_750__Cov_69.49%,0. 122929,0.137096,0.070522,0.050065,0.048317,0.02314 8,0.003525,0.007384,0.00634,-0.002187,-0.001624,0.009891,-0.016799,-0.003991,0.020222,0.004508,-0.003651,0.00114,0.008799,-0.004502,0.007612,0.008532,0.003697,0.013134,-0.008622
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN013__AD_715__Cov_68.88%,0. 114961,0.129988,0.06675,0.065246,0.04647,0.019801, 0.005405,0.012692,0.008385,-0.007107,-0.010068,-0.00015,-0.017245,-0.002752,0.025651,0.007955,-0.006258,0.006841,0.005782,0.006253,0.012104,0.009 398,-0.000123,0.011929,-0.002275
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN014__AD_750__Cov_75.75%,0. 1161,0.132019,0.042992,0.016796,0.028621,0.005578, 0.001645,0.00923,0.007567,0.00656,0.001299,0.00314 7,-0.00669,-0.009083,0.005565,0.00053,0.004955,0.004941,0.0020 11,0.005753,0.001872,0.005812,0.004314,0.004097,0. 000838
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:ADN015__AD_750__Cov_78.65%,0. 113823,0.137096,0.036958,0.019057,0.03139,-0.000279,0.000235,0.011999,0.006545,0.007836,-0.008282,-0.001199,0.001635,-0.005367,0.010858,-0.008751,-0.021644,0.007221,0.000754,-0.003126,0.003369,0.005441,0.003697,0.007471,0.007 544
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU001__AD_720__Cov_57.17%,0. 108132,0.13405,0.061094,0.052326,0.051702,0.016176 ,-0.001645,0.007615,0.007158,-0.00328,-0.010068,0.001948,-0.005798,0.000688,0.021987,0.010209,-0.005085,-0.005701,0.008045,-0.002251,0.009358,0.007296,-0.000123,0.018798,0.001197
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU003__AD_831__Cov_62.44%,0. 119514,0.128972,0.060339,0.062662,0.03693,0.024542 ,0.00564,0.003692,0.000205,-0.008747,-0.00682,0.003897,-0.004014,-0.020368,0.021444,0.022938,0.01004,0.003927,0.0043 99,-0.001126,0.007112,0.005564,-0.002095,0.009158,-0.004071
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU006__AD_855__Cov_72.28%,0. 111547,0.127957,0.061471,0.049096,0.038776,0.02565 8,0.000705,0.014307,0.004704,0.000182,-0.004872,0.007044,-0.013825,-0.004542,0.027008,-0.001061,-0.026207,-0.000633,0.006285,0.001626,0.001872,0.011005,0.010 969,0.009881,-0.000958
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU013__AD_750__Cov_66.55%,0. 113823,0.129988,0.056568,0.045543,0.038469,0.01924 3,0.00094,0.009692,0.004295,-0.001822,-0.000487,0.001798,-0.006244,-0.007156,0.018865,0.006629,-0.001565,0.006714,0.007668,0.002251,0.006988,0.008 037,0.003697,0.006266,-0.001078
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU014__AD_795__Cov_67.90%,0. 114961,0.12491,0.065242,0.053618,0.03693,0.016176, 0.00423,0.005077,0.000818,-0.002369,-0.001949,0.006294,-0.012636,-0.01679,0.02348,0.001856,-0.009388,-0.001647,0.007668,-0.002751,0.00549,0.003586,0.003451,0.0241,0.000958
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU015__AD_792__Cov_61.26%,0. 106994,0.132019,0.059962,0.054264,0.043393,0.01812 8,0.006345,0.008538,0.003886,-0.006925,-0.008931,0.001948,-0.008028,-0.008945,0.026194,0.00305,-0.02373,0.002407,0.010559,0.007879,0.010731,0.0028 44,0.003697,0.013978,0.007903
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU016__AD_750__Cov_60.92%,0. 114961,0.131003,0.05506,0.046512,0.040931,0.026216 ,0.003525,0.008307,0.000818,0.004009,-0.001137,0.008243,-0.003419,-0.010597,0.018322,0.008751,0.004172,-0.005448,0.011061,0.013006,0.002496,0.012118,0.006 162,0.013014,-0.000239
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU017__AD_750__Cov_71.64%,0. 110408,0.129988,0.052043,0.04845,0.033852,0.017012 ,-0.002115,0.004846,-0.002045,0,-0.003897,0.006145,-0.011447,-0.015551,0.024701,0.001458,-0.004433,0.002154,0.006788,0.006753,0.008859,0.000 866,0.002588,0.016147,-0.000838
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DRU018__AD_750__Cov_71.67%,0. 112685,0.129988,0.048271,0.040375,0.040931,0.01980 1,-0.00235,0.012692,0.014317,0,-0.008769,0.007044,-0.011001,-0.007019,0.023751,-0.000928,-0.00691,0.008615,0.001131,0.001126,0.017719,0.0072 96,0.001602,0.010242,0.002395
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DUN007__AD_714__Cov_54.94%,0. 112685,0.135065,0.071276,0.056848,0.037853,0.03207 2,0,0.008307,0.005318,-0.004374,-0.007145,0.005995,-0.012636,-0.007019,0.029316,-0.005436,-0.029206,-0.003167,0.005908,0.001,0.006738,0.004699,0.001972 ,0.014821,0.006826
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:DUN011__AD_723__Cov_70.95%,0. 10927,0.136081,0.059585,0.049742,0.035083,0.014781 ,0.003055,0.011307,-0.003272,0.002734,-0.003897,0.003297,-0.008771,-0.007844,0.019544,-0.000663,-0.018384,0.002154,0.00905,0.011005,0.002121,0.0023 49,-0.000863,0.014098,-0.002036
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:HID002__AD_400__Cov_81.01%,0. 122929,0.132019,0.062225,0.058786,0.034468,0.02537 9,0.005405,0.008769,-0.005727,-0.008201,-0.004709,-0.001499,-0.006392,0.000138,0.024158,-0.005038,-0.024251,-0.0019,0.002891,0.00075,-0.001747,0.00915,0.009737,0.011086,-0.00012
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:HID002b__AD_400__Cov_59.27%,0 .114961,0.133034,0.060339,0.057494,0.037545,0.0267 74,0.00376,0.006231,-0.0045,-0.004556,0.000812,0.00015,-0.005649,-0.004679,0.024701,0.001989,-0.022165,-0.002914,0.006034,0.000125,0.007362,0.007419,0.006 779,0.014339,-0.004311
DEU_Lower_Saxony_EMA:HID004__AD_480__Cov_70.38%,0. 122929,0.12491,0.07203,0.059755,0.044316,0.020638,-0.000705,0.013615,0.015748,0.001822,0.000974,0.004 496,-0.008176,-0.009771,0.013708,0.012729,0.002347,0.004941,-0.005405,-0.003502,-0.006114,0.004699,-0.006532,0.017111,-0.00012
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND002__AD_600__Cov_79.16%,0.120652 ,0.133034,0.056568,0.043282,0.036622,0.014781,-0.00329,0.005307,0.007976,0.014214,-0.003897,0.006145,-0.018731,-0.00523,0.016694,-0.000928,-0.014212,0.001014,0.000628,-0.006878,0.000499,-0.000495,0.000986,0.000361,0.006347
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND003__AD_600__Cov_62.41%,0.112685 ,0.13405,0.033187,0.005814,0.031698,0.005299,0.002 115,0.009923,0.007158,0.011481,0.001624,0.00045,-0.010555,-0.004266,0.00665,0.005304,0.004172,0.005321,0.0033 94,-0.003877,0.002496,0.007296,0.006902,0.014098,0
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND004__AD_600__Cov_51.95%,0.119514 ,0.135065,0.043369,0.014858,0.042162,0.007251,-0.007285,0.010615,0.014317,0.01385,-0.006171,-0.003747,-0.006987,-0.008257,0.008007,0.010872,-0.002217,-0.004814,0.004022,-0.004502,0.006988,-0.005688,-0.007518,0.00241,0.003592
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND005__AD_600__Cov_74.23%,0.118376 ,0.141159,0.04714,0.020995,0.029852,0.004183,-0.002115,0.001615,0.006545,0.01713,-0.004709,0.008542,-0.009663,-0.003716,0.013572,0.009546,0.004042,-0.006334,-0.000377,-0.001626,-0.002246,0.005688,-0.00037,0.00964,-0.000958
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND007__AD_600__Cov_75.40%,0.129758 ,0.144205,0.058077,0.037468,0.048009,0.015618,0.00 188,0.004384,0.007772,0.016401,-0.007795,0.003297,-0.015907,-0.017065,0.013165,0.023336,0.009518,0.005194,0.009 176,-0.000375,0.00262,-0.001978,-0.001479,0.006748,0.001676
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND008__AD_600__Cov_61.63%,0.129758 ,0.127957,0.059962,0.04845,0.0397,0.013108,0.00352 5,0.004615,0.007567,0.003462,-0.003573,0.003447,-0.007433,-0.003991,0.009229,0.012463,-0.008996,0.005321,0,0.002251,0.00574,0.003462,0.00 5176,0.005422,-0.003712
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND009__AD_600__Cov_55.47%,0.09675, 0.144205,-0.01961,-0.055879,0.010771,-0.02259,0,-0.007615,-0.001841,0.02934,0.002436,0.004346,-0.011001,-0.000826,-0.0057,-0.005569,0.000913,-0.002407,0.007793,-0.013006,0.004118,0.008532,0.001725,0.00241,-0.010298
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND010__AD_600__Cov_61.49%,0.106994 ,0.109677,0.033564,0.017765,0.019388,0.005578,-0.00141,0.000923,-0.01084,-0.00328,0.003735,0.010191,-0.001041,-0.001514,0.00285,-0.011005,-0.01695,0.004054,-0.00176,-0.004877,-0.009483,0.006183,-0.005793,0.006989,-0.00958
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND012__AD_600__Cov_69.91%,0.124067 ,0.145221,0.030547,0,0.037853,0.003904,0.0047,0.00 6461,0.011453,0.01713,-0.005521,0.003747,-0.013082,-0.017753,0.003122,0.011535,0.015255,-0.0019,0.008673,0.004752,-0.004742,0.005812,0.002095,0.004338,0.002515
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND013__AD_600__Cov_74.76%,0.124067 ,0.133034,0.058077,0.055556,0.037853,0.013108,0.00 423,0.004384,0.006545,-0.005649,-0.005521,0.007793,-0.009068,-0.010322,0.025515,0.005038,-0.014081,0.003421,0.005656,0.007253,0.001996,0.001 978,-0.0053,0.007832,-0.002754
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND014__AD_600__Cov_55.18%,0.1161,0 .137096,0.038843,0.015504,0.035391,0.006693,-0.00047,0.002077,0.001227,0.015308,-0.007145,0.008093,-0.014717,-0.016377,0.008279,0.012596,0.007562,-0.00076,0.002263,0.00025,0.001123,0.00136,0.006162 ,0.010965,0.000718
DEU_NR-Westphalia_EMA:IND017__AD_600__Cov_58.53%,0.118376 ,0.139128,0.043746,0.01938,0.038469,0.011435,-0.00235,0.007846,0.004295,0.015855,-0.007307,0.003597,-0.013528,-0.003165,0.018322,-0.003447,-0.017211,0.000887,-0.003897,-0.00988,0.005116,0.001237,0.00037,0.018436,0.00035 9
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG001__AD_1140__Cov_80.41%,0.127482,0 .144205,0.055814,0.045543,0.040315,0.011992,0.0009 4,0.007384,0.006136,0.002916,-0.01023,0.005095,-0.006392,-0.007982,0.016286,0.012994,-0.008866,0.003801,0.00729,0.007003,0.014474,-0.000124,-0.005793,0.00494,0.000718
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG002__AD_1175__Cov_86.08%,0.133173,0 .137096,0.061094,0.053618,0.034776,0.013387,0.0068 15,0.002308,0.003886,-0.004191,0,0.001649,-0.013379,-0.008395,0.020222,0.000133,-0.026468,0.008868,0.006159,0.003252,0.001622,0.006 677,0.004314,0.011568,-0.001197
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG003__AD_1140__Cov_55.88%,0.12862,0. 133034,0.06675,0.055233,0.041238,0.022032,0.011045 ,0.012461,0.001432,-0.001458,0.000325,0.007943,-0.00669,-0.008808,0.017644,-0.002387,-0.019166,0.004941,0.003897,0.0005,0.005366,0.01929 ,-0.005053,0.020364,-0.007544
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG004__AD_1105__Cov_71.32%,0.132035,0 .123895,0.070144,0.053618,0.040931,0.017849,0.0054 05,0.005307,-0.002863,-0.006196,-0.00747,0.003147,-0.012042,-0.01156,0.018051,0.009149,-0.005737,0.00114,-0.000377,-0.001126,0.000624,0.003215,-0.006532,0.019039,0.002754
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG005__AD_1105__Cov_66.32%,0.129758,0 .128972,0.061471,0.053295,0.033237,0.010319,0.0094 ,0.004384,-0.006545,-0.005649,-0.012666,0.002098,-0.013677,-0.01445,0.014794,0.011668,-0.004433,0.006841,0.00352,0.002251,0.000873,0.0004 95,-0.006409,0.019641,-0.00491
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG006__AD_1105__Cov_78.68%,0.125205,0 .138112,0.049403,0.033592,0.041854,0.008367,-0.004465,0.002308,0.001023,0.012392,-0.006496,-0.001499,-0.007879,-0.011836,0.014115,-0.002652,-0.007693,0.000507,0.003017,0.005378,0.007986,0.003 957,0.004314,0.013616,-0.00012
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG007__AD_1105__Cov_71.74%,0.124067,0 .137096,0.047517,0.028424,0.036007,0.013387,0.0004 7,0.008077,-0.006545,0.003827,-0.008607,0.007643,-0.020961,-0.012248,0.012893,0.016309,0.009518,0.003421,-0.001257,0.004002,0.004243,-0.005935,0.007395,0.012532,0.001796
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG008__AD_1140__Cov_80.30%,0.126344,0 .137096,0.061094,0.052972,0.041854,0.018128,-0.001175,0.003692,-0.001023,-0.003462,-0.007957,0.004496,-0.009663,-0.016102,0.019001,0.009812,-0.008345,-0.002534,0.004525,0.008504,0.010856,0.004328,-0.000123,0.00735,-0.004191
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG010__AD_1105__Cov_57.94%,0.136588,0 .12491,0.069767,0.052649,0.043393,0.020638,0.00094 ,0.003461,0.002045,-0.000911,0.003085,0.002698,-0.003568,-0.00289,0.024565,0.024927,0.00691,0.007601,0.00766 8,0.012006,0.004367,0.008285,-0.004314,0.020485,-0.007784
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG011__AD_1105__Cov_51.46%,0.118376,0 .131003,0.05506,0.030362,0.034776,0.02761,0.00658, 0.006231,-0.004295,0.003098,-0.008931,0.002098,-0.014271,-0.007982,0.027144,0.002652,-0.010822,0.003421,0.004399,0.001126,0.003993,0.009 027,-0.003944,0.006627,0.004071
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG012__AD_1105__Cov_70.00%,0.124067,0 .136081,0.055437,0.028747,0.032006,0.012829,0.0047 ,0.006692,0.00409,0.006925,-0.008444,0.005095,-0.012042,-0.010184,0.016422,0.004243,-0.012256,0.000253,0.00088,-0.003252,0.005116,0.006925,-0.008751,0.023377,0.005508
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG013__AD_1175__Cov_69.44%,0.133173,0 .138112,0.068636,0.059109,0.044316,0.017849,-0.00094,0.006231,0.007363,-0.006196,-0.01023,-0.001948,-0.003865,-0.013074,0.018865,-0.013259,-0.025816,0.002787,0.010056,0.007754,0.007612,-0.001484,-0.007148,0.004579,0.000599
DEU_Schleswig-Holstein_MA:SWG015__AD_1105__Cov_51.43%,0.125205,0 .140143,0.056945,0.027455,0.039084,0.014502,0.0011 75,0.006231,0.01268,0.018953,-0.000974,0.01154,-0.010109,-0.00812,0.020222,0.006099,-0.009257,-0.003421,0.002514,0.005753,-0.003868,-0.005193,-0.002711,0.008314,-0.006706
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN001__AD_1150__Cov_51.55%,0.12406 7,0.131003,0.063356,0.051034,0.033237,0.018128,0.0 11986,0.011999,-0.000614,-0.001276,-0.003735,0.005245,-0.008474,-0.010322,0.011265,0.010872,0.020601,-0.008108,-0.002891,0.004252,0.001872,-0.004575,-0.001479,0.015424,-0.005748
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN003__AD_1150__Cov_70.00%,0.12634 4,0.135065,0.061471,0.055233,0.034776,0.026216,0.0 0517,0.010384,0.005318,-0.00893,-0.001786,0.004346,-0.004906,-0.01734,0.023208,0.025855,0.005607,-0.00114,-0.001634,0.014382,0.009234,0.006306,-0.001109,0.013014,-0.004191
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN004__AD_1150__Cov_60.29%,0.12065 2,0.127957,0.055437,0.041667,0.039392,0.015339,0.0 03995,0.007615,0.002045,-0.001458,-0.005684,0.0003,-0.005352,-0.011423,0.020222,0.022275,0.011604,-0.010262,0.000377,0.008504,0.006988,0.002473,0.008 134,0.010483,-0.007424
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN006__AD_1150__Cov_55.76%,0.12748 2,0.122879,0.062979,0.057817,0.040315,0.019522,0.0 01175,0.005538,-0.002454,-0.005103,-0.004547,-0.004946,0.001784,-0.013487,0.00285,0.007425,-0.00326,-0.000127,-0.001257,0.001876,-0.001996,0.007048,0.001602,0.009519,-0.004071
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN007__AD_1150__Cov_56.88%,0.12406 7,0.12491,0.060339,0.037468,0.038776,0.014223,-0.003055,0.006461,-0.001432,0.000547,-0.001299,0.010341,-0.004162,-0.007569,0.013029,0.011933,0.006519,0.002914,-0.001634,0.003627,0.002745,0.000247,-0.000739,0.010845,-0.003233
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN011__AD_1150__Cov_64.99%,0.12292 9,0.132019,0.06675,0.047804,0.034468,0.01506,-0.009165,0.000923,0.003272,-0.003098,-0.008282,0.001649,-0.004906,-0.001927,0.019001,-0.005171,-0.02034,0,0.007793,-0.008129,-0.000125,0.000866,0.006655,0.009278,0.007185
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN012__AD_1150__Cov_69.80%,0.12748 2,0.135065,0.063733,0.053618,0.044624,0.01757,0.00 3995,0.009923,0.001636,-0.001822,-0.008769,-0.001199,-0.006392,-0.005643,0.006243,0.001989,0.002217,0.000253,0.003 645,0.007504,0.009109,0.000618,0.003944,0.003976,-0.004191
DNK_Zealand_MA:KPN014__AD_1150__Cov_59.06%,0.13431 1,0.128972,0.075801,0.059755,0.040007,0.018128,0.0 0517,0.016615,0.00225,-0.003098,-0.00341,0.004346,-0.004162,0.00234,0.016015,-0.010475,-0.020731,0.001394,0.010559,-0.003502,0.000125,-0.001484,-0.002588,0.013255,0.002874
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL001__AD_950__Cov_71.55%,0.1365 88,0.131003,0.057699,0.05491,0.045547,0.020638,0.0 04935,0.014999,0.00634,-0.00164,-0.001299,0.01079,-0.013825,-0.016377,0.024565,-0.007027,-0.022165,0.001394,-0.004274,-0.006128,0.00025,-0.001484,-0.000123,0.00482,0.00491
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL003__AD_950__Cov_65.87%,0.1240 67,0.135065,0.061471,0.050388,0.040623,0.02259,-0.00282,0.005769,0.007976,0.005103,-0.004872,0.005995,-0.012339,-0.013212,0.02918,-0.004243,-0.014994,0.006714,0.004022,0.003252,0.010606,-0.004204,-0.00419,0.004579,0.010897
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL004__AD_950__Cov_72.27%,0.1252 05,0.128972,0.051666,0.054264,0.038469,0.014781,0. 00047,0.007615,-0.001841,0.000911,-0.004872,0.004946,-0.01219,-0.019542,0.031759,0.019756,-0.008345,-0.002027,0.007919,0.00025,0.007362,-0.00643,0.001972,0.011447,0.002036
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL006__AD_950__Cov_76.74%,0.1297 58,0.128972,0.062602,0.049742,0.042469,0.018128,0. 00564,0.010846,0.005318,0.006014,-0.006983,0.008243,-0.014271,-0.022845,0.023751,0.010209,-0.005737,-0.005954,0.007919,0.008754,-0.000749,0.007419,0.005669,0.012291,-0.005628
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL009__AD_950__Cov_68.20%,0.1183 76,0.125926,0.064865,0.047481,0.034468,0.018128,-0.00235,-0.003692,0.005931,0.007654,-0.006171,-0.000599,-0.016204,-0.01968,0.016286,0.011138,-0.009648,0.003547,0.004651,0.003126,-0.004617,0.004081,0.011092,0.012893,-0.000359
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL012__AD_950__Cov_70.86%,0.1252 05,0.128972,0.058454,0.043282,0.036007,0.015897,0. 001645,0.014076,0.008795,-0.005285,0.002436,0.009891,-0.016353,-0.009496,0.029316,-0.008884,-0.02725,-0.006208,-0.001634,0.001626,0.010731,0.004946,0.00493,0.0068 68,-0.002395
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL013__AD_950__Cov_70.65%,0.1206 52,0.122879,0.066373,0.049742,0.042162,0.016176,-0.00235,0.003692,0.000818,0.000364,-0.004547,-0.000749,-0.011893,-0.010459,0.026873,0.003315,-0.008996,0,0.00088,0.004877,0.005366,0.005317,0.01 023,0.015544,-0.002515
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL016__AD_950__Cov_78.66%,0.1229 29,0.129988,0.067882,0.059755,0.034468,0.016455,-0.002115,0.002769,0.006749,-0.000547,-0.013478,0,-0.009366,-0.008945,0.025108,-0.004641,-0.028554,0.006588,0.010182,-0.002001,0.001373,0.006801,-0.00456,0.006507,0.000359
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL022__AD_950__Cov_72.55%,0.1229 29,0.125926,0.053551,0.053295,0.032929,0.019801,-0.00423,-0.006,-0.001636,-0.004556,0.004384,0.006594,-0.012785,-0.019405,0.024565,0.001724,-0.004824,0.004307,0.00352,-0.001376,0.001747,0.005193,0.000123,0.013014,0.001 197
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL023__AD_950__Cov_76.05%,0.1343 11,0.132019,0.059208,0.054264,0.034776,0.01506,0.0 0094,0.008077,0.007158,-0.000182,-0.005034,0.007493,-0.013974,-0.011698,0.029723,0.000663,-0.022296,0.006841,0.005531,-0.008254,0.000998,0.007419,0.000863,0.013496,0.004 311
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL025__AD_950__Cov_77.51%,0.1252 05,0.126941,0.058831,0.04845,0.042777,0.021753,0.0 01645,0.003923,0.010635,0.004009,-0.006171,0.007643,-0.021704,-0.015414,0.023208,0.00411,-0.008214,-0.003547,0,0.003252,0.004243,0.010758,0.003821,0.0 12893,0.001557
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL026__AD_950__Cov_53.54%,0.1286 2,0.135065,0.061471,0.054264,0.034468,0.019522,0.0 03525,0.003692,0.0045,-0.002005,-0.010718,0.002997,-0.016353,-0.015827,0.027551,0.017502,0.006519,0.005701,-0.007668,0.01138,0.006489,0.00272,0.000246,0.01421 9,0.002754
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL027__AD_950__Cov_73.44%,0.1240 67,0.127957,0.053551,0.043282,0.0397,0.016455,-0.00282,0.002769,0.005522,0.006378,-0.005359,0.007943,-0.021407,-0.016377,0.023751,0.014187,0.008084,0.002914,-0.001885,0.017884,0.008735,0.005441,-0.00419,0.010363,-0.002275
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL028__AD_950__Cov_60.86%,0.1252 05,0.131003,0.058077,0.054587,0.032314,0.011992,0. 0047,0.011999,0.003068,-0.002551,-0.009743,0.008542,-0.017245,-0.024634,0.029316,0.02254,0.000782,-0.004814,0.005405,0.004377,0.002995,0.000989,-0.000739,0.015785,0.006826
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL033__AD_950__Cov_76.62%,0.1252 05,0.136081,0.061848,0.053941,0.032006,0.021753,0. 000235,0.007846,0.005113,-0.003645,-0.005684,0.009442,-0.010555,-0.015138,0.024973,0.009149,-0.01369,-0.002787,0.001257,0.004377,0.004742,0.013478,0.000 123,0.00482,0.001437
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL034__AD_950__Cov_65.95%,0.1172 38,0.12491,0.065619,0.061693,0.042162,0.028168,0.0 0235,0.004615,-0.003068,-0.007107,-0.008444,0.008992,-0.012487,-0.02546,0.028366,0.006364,-0.002086,0.007855,0.001131,0.01138,0.005865,0.0064 3,0.002095,0.016267,-0.00958
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL035__AD_950__Cov_55.80%,0.1263 44,0.132019,0.058454,0.049096,0.036622,0.015618,0. 00282,0.000462,-0.003477,0,-0.012829,0.008393,-0.020515,-0.0278,0.024294,0.020817,-0.000652,0.006841,0.006285,0.004877,0.009234,0.006 554,0.004314,0.013978,-0.005269
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL037__AD_950__Cov_79.57%,0.1229 29,0.129988,0.061094,0.048127,0.036314,0.021196,0. 001175,0.003692,-0.002659,-0.000547,-0.002761,0.00045,-0.01115,-0.013212,0.017915,0.011933,-0.007171,0.000253,0.00088,0.005753,0.003119,0.0011 13,0.003081,0.011688,0.003712
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL041__AD_950__Cov_61.06%,0.1195 14,0.126941,0.052797,0.046835,0.031698,0.007809,0. 00141,0.006923,0.001227,-0.005832,-0.000487,0.005845,-0.014569,-0.012248,0.020358,0.013392,0.001565,0.000507,0.001 508,0.004752,0.001248,-0.006554,-0.000616,-0.000723,-0.001078
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL042__AD_950__Cov_63.45%,0.1274 82,0.142174,0.04978,0.031331,0.03139,0.017012,0.00 376,0.006231,0.004909,0.007654,-0.005684,0.01109,-0.008474,0.001101,0.019679,-0.000796,-0.018254,0.002787,0.006411,-0.001376,0.004991,-0.000989,0.005423,0.001566,-0.004431
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL043__AD_950__Cov_72.55%,0.1286 2,0.128972,0.072784,0.053295,0.045547,0.029005,-0.00423,-0.003,0.016157,0.006925,-0.012017,0.006444,-0.013528,-0.025735,0.023208,0.029435,0.009909,-0.00228,0.003017,0.007879,0.001123,0.010634,-0.00456,0.003374,-0.005987
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL044__AD_950__Cov_74.09%,0.1308 97,0.135065,0.061471,0.053941,0.036314,0.010598,0. 00094,0.007384,0.007567,0.00893,-0.00682,0.009741,-0.018731,-0.010184,0.026601,-0.007823,-0.024512,0.005828,0.004777,0.001376,0.003868,0.003 833,-0.00037,0.011447,-0.004071
IRL_Roscommon_MA:KIL047__AD_950__Cov_67.16%,0.1297 58,0.139128,0.063356,0.052003,0.044008,0.018965,0. 0047,0.011538,0.004295,0.004738,-0.001949,0.014537,-0.022745,-0.023121,0.029723,0.013126,-0.006258,0.004561,-0.001383,0.002751,0.006988,-0.000742,-0.004683,0.020967,-0.005029
NLD_Friesland_EMA:MDM001__AD_536__Cov_88.06%,0.132 035,0.137096,0.075047,0.058463,0.035699,0.024263,-0.00235,0.01223,0.007772,-0.004374,-0.007957,0.004196,-0.005352,-0.010322,0.02538,0.013922,-0.002608,0.003547,0.002137,-0.000375,0.006613,0.000371,0.002342,0.013978,0.008 981
NLD_Friesland_EMA:MDM002__AD_493__Cov_79.44%,0.133 173,0.128972,0.052043,0.039083,0.036314,0.014223,0 .00423,-0.001154,0.001432,0.002369,0.007145,0.001349,-0.010406,-0.009909,0.012486,0.002519,0.004694,0.001774,0.003 645,0.003252,0.006239,-0.000124,0.000493,0.007832,-0.010658
NLD_Friesland_EMA:MDM003__AD_469__Cov_72.85%,0.130 897,0.13405,0.067127,0.05168,0.036314,0.020917,0.0 05875,0.013615,0.000409,-0.004738,-0.007145,0.006594,-0.011744,-0.021469,0.020087,0.023999,0.007171,0.001647,0.005 279,0.008879,0.013975,0.005317,-0.006532,0.01687,-0.004071
NLD_Friesland_EMA:MDM004__AD_592__Cov_68.89%,0.132 035,0.142174,0.06675,0.05491,0.046162,0.018128,0.0 05875,0.009,0.007363,0.00656,-0.005196,0.007943,-0.016947,-0.007844,0.028366,-0.011535,-0.022687,0.005954,0.00993,-0.002501,0.002745,0.005193,-0.004314,0.013014,0.001437
NLD_Friesland_EMA:MDM005__AD_533__Cov_97.12%,0.130 897,0.135065,0.071276,0.056848,0.043393,0.020638,0 .00611,0.009692,0.009408,-0.00164,-0.009256,0.00015,-0.006392,0.002064,0.025244,0.000796,-0.025295,0.001774,0.00729,0.008379,0.010107,0.0184 24,-0.008258,0.009278,-0.001557
NLD_Friesland_EMA:MDM007__AD_519__Cov_82.31%,0.126 344,0.13405,0.058454,0.052326,0.039392,0.018407,0. 00141,0.003692,0.007772,-0.002005,-0.009743,0.007643,-0.010258,-0.005918,0.025651,-0.002519,-0.022035,0.001774,0.002891,0.005628,0.002371,0.005 688,0.002218,0.005904,-0.001916
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO001__AD_1093__Cov_62.54%,0.134 311,0.142174,0.071276,0.06137,0.038161,0.017849,0. 004465,0.020076,0.008181,0.003462,-0.009581,0.002398,-0.014866,-0.015414,0.025923,0.013922,-0.001304,-0.001774,0.009553,0.014882,0.008859,0.002102,-0.001232,0.022051,-0.001557
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO002__AD_885__Cov_67.70%,0.1331 73,0.132019,0.067505,0.060724,0.044931,0.021475,0. 011045,0.011076,0.002863,-0.001093,-0.002111,0.005545,-0.016501,-0.021056,0.030537,0.022805,0.007823,0.003927,0.005 782,0.01038,0.007362,-0.009521,-0.001725,0.027594,0.000479
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO005__AD_1040__Cov_68.54%,0.128 62,0.135065,0.06939,0.050065,0.040315,0.016455,0.0 0752,0.010153,0.000614,0.000911,-0.010555,0.003897,-0.010852,-0.006331,0.019408,-0.001591,-0.007953,0.000887,-0.003017,0.003377,0.008235,0.000618,-0.000493,0.018075,-0.002155
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO007__AD_1008__Cov_78.23%,0.128 62,0.128972,0.061094,0.052003,0.041238,0.019522,0. 001645,0.004615,0.006954,0.002551,-0.006008,0.003447,-0.008028,-0.007982,0.027958,0.008486,-0.002477,0.008361,0.008045,0.00075,0.002371,-0.001731,0.008258,0.008073,-0.001078
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO008__AD_1013__Cov_68.39%,0.128 62,0.139128,0.069013,0.05814,0.042777,0.027052,-0.000705,0.003231,0.005318,-0.009294,0,0.003297,-0.001933,-0.015827,0.020901,0.019491,0.008605,0.003547,0.005 279,0.00988,0.006364,-0.001113,0.000739,0.015303,-0.004431
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO010__AD_973__Cov_82.00%,0.1286 2,0.133034,0.059962,0.052972,0.041854,0.017012,0.0 04465,0.006,0.010226,0.006196,-0.01153,-0.00045,-0.006987,-0.013762,0.018865,0.008088,-0.011213,-0.001647,0.004525,-0.001751,0.001373,0.004328,-0.002958,0.01699,-0.001676
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO012__AD_908__Cov_76.95%,0.1308 97,0.140143,0.055437,0.042636,0.043085,0.019801,0. 00235,0.007615,0.001227,-0.000182,-0.002436,0.004346,-0.009366,-0.002202,0.015744,0.007558,-0.004303,-0.00076,0.000126,0.006378,0.013227,0.007543,0.0008 63,0.008555,-0.002634
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO013__AD_883__Cov_80.51%,0.1263 44,0.14319,0.061094,0.04522,0.042469,0.019243,0.00 6815,0.008769,0.00634,-0.004374,0.003735,0.004796,-0.012487,-0.006881,0.023887,-0.007823,-0.02712,0.001394,0.007793,0.000875,0.010856,0.0082 85,-0.003204,0.00253,0.003113
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO014__AD_883__Cov_82.75%,0.1331 73,0.131003,0.058454,0.055233,0.038776,0.028168,0. 004465,0.009923,0.001227,-0.005285,-0.004222,-0.002398,-0.003717,-0.001101,0.025515,-0.005967,-0.024121,0.003041,0.008045,0,0.005615,0.002968,0.0 1023,0.013978,-0.002634
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO015__AD_1050__Cov_74.89%,0.130 897,0.128972,0.060339,0.05491,0.037545,0.017291,0. 006345,0.006923,0.002863,-0.002551,-0.001461,-0.004346,-0.005649,-0.008945,0.014794,0.000398,-0.002999,0.004307,-0.003645,-0.003126,0.003743,0.001978,-0.000493,0.00735,-0.001437
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO016__AD_1100__Cov_73.93%,0.130 897,0.144205,0.062602,0.043605,0.035699,0.019801,0 .010105,0.009,0.005727,0.002187,-0.00341,0,-0.005352,-0.009771,0.018458,0.021745,0.015907,-0.003294,0.002765,0.01138,0.004617,0.000124,-0.006779,0.008073,0.005029
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO017__AD_875__Cov_73.67%,0.1274 82,0.132019,0.06939,0.049742,0.042777,0.018128,0.0 0376,0.014769,0.00225,0.001093,-0.008769,0.005995,-0.012042,-0.01156,0.018594,0.013259,0.005476,-0.00228,0.003268,0.006128,0.003619,-0.002597,-0.002711,0.019521,0.000239
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO021__AD_818__Cov_66.77%,0.1343 11,0.129988,0.069013,0.066215,0.040931,0.03263,0.0 0846,0.011538,0,-0.014032,0.001461,0.007943,-0.000743,-0.004266,0.029451,0.011668,-0.013169,0.003547,0.002011,0.008379,0.006114,0.007 048,0.004067,0.0194,0.004311
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO023__AD_730__Cov_84.19%,0.1286 2,0.135065,0.046386,0.047158,0.026774,0.02259,0.00 564,0.008769,0.002045,0.007107,-0.006008,0.012739,-0.01888,-0.010597,0.017508,0.009149,-0.001434,-0.00152,0.003897,0.004002,0.01148,-0.002102,-0.000246,0.009399,0.00467
NLD_Groningen_MA:GRO024__AD_1070__Cov_85.64%,0.121 791,0.145221,0.055437,0.030362,0.042777,0.01506,0. 00141,0.003692,0.001636,0.011663,-0.003248,0,-0.011744,-0.009634,0.014522,0.002652,-0.008475,-0.00228,0.003897,-0.003627,0.001622,0.008408,-0.00037,0.010363,0.000479

Averages

Denmark_Zealand_AD_1150,0.12591675,0.12973375,0.06 373325,0.0505495,0.038199375,0.01802325,0.00240887 5,0.00868225,0.001252625,-0.00302975,-0.004689,0.00251025,-0.00457125,-0.008171375,0.013979125,0.008087875,0.000277125,-0.0018845,0.00186975,0.00356425,0.003494,0.0014373 75,0.0018025,0.01072425,-0.002349875
England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire_AD_620-80,0.131181,0.13658875,0.0625075,0.05612125,0.0431 6175,0.01903425,0.00417125,0.0047305,0.003477,-0.00246025,-0.00316675,0.0047585,-0.011001,-0.0125235,0.0269745,0.00841925,-0.009844,0.00300875,0.003614,0.003877,0.0050845,0. 004328,-0.003574,0.0158455,0.00155675
England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire_AD_476-573,0.129464677,0.133951581,0.065448677,0.05617074 2,0.041089452,0.021321645,0.004177,0.006751581,0.0 02104645,-0.001216871,-0.005353677,0.004341452,-0.010813839,-0.011840065,0.023133774,0.007168419,-0.009673613,0.002995613,0.004131839,0.005809258,0. 008255548,0.003757516,0.000560677,0.014759032,-0.000664387
England_Saxon_Durham_AD_750,0.141141,0.139128,0.06 5996,0.058786,0.045239,0.018407,0.00752,0,-0.005318,0.006925,-0.008282,0.008692,-0.012339,-0.026424,0.024837,0.01127,-0.002999,0.003801,0.003394,0.002876,0.016845,-0.000124,-0.002588,0.00976,-0.006107
England_Saxon_Kent_AD_480-720,0.122075222,0.131003306,0.064267639,0.05423708 3,0.041529,0.020018139,0.001416528,0.00735225,0.00 4755194,-0.000283444,-0.005313667,0.005187139,-0.011707083,-0.011231583,0.021722806,0.007483944,-0.005718889,0.000886833,0.004626444,0.0040575,0.00 8204306,0.0044515,-0.000116472,0.012652278,-3.25E-06
England_Saxon_Lincolnshire_AD_1055,0.135449,0.1320 19,0.061094,0.056525,0.037853,0.020359,0.003525,0. 011538,-0.003681,-0.002005,-0.009743,0.001649,-0.001338,0.000688,0.017644,0.010077,-0.00339,0.00114,0.007919,-0.001501,0.004866,-0.006306,-0.001972,0.017593,0.001437
England_Saxon_Norfolk_AD_775-95,0.127937,0.1350654,0.0663734,0.0534242,0.039884 4,0.022925,0.004089,0.0062764,-0.0002454,-0.006269,-0.0054888,0.0048258,-0.0071356,-0.0087252,0.0204396,0.0090958,-5.22E-05,0.0033698,0.0031172,0.0075286,0.0069626,0.00321 48,-0.0021444,0.0161708,0.0006946
England_Saxon_Suffolk_AD_475-571,0.124218867,0.131409533,0.067127467,0.05725713 3,0.043577133,0.020396067,0.002365667,0.0083382,0. 0029724,-0.002198933,-0.004730867,0.005584933,-0.0104062,-0.008046333,0.0242216,0.003968867,-0.0110044,0.002956,0.004994533,0.0071202,0.0095831 33,0.005119333,-0.001027,0.0156888,-0.002139533
England_Saxon_Sussex_AD_600,0.126831571,0.13637128 6,0.055975429,0.035760714,0.039919143,0.016215571, 0.001175,0.005439429,0.008473,0.010127,-0.004036429,0.005973,-0.013867857,-0.013329714,0.015937429,0.005682571,-0.002682286,0.001737429,0.002980714,0.002769143,0. 005704286,0.004787143,-0.005704857,0.006300143,-0.006209857
England_Saxon_Yorkshire_AD_525-780,0.129724765,0.133810941,0.068669206,0.0585105, 0.041709088,0.020572206,0.003580324,0.006882059,0. 002833235,-0.006029882,-0.004107441,0.005002882,-0.009562353,-0.009188353,0.024661118,0.008793765,-0.006611235,0.003308706,0.004258941,0.006032324,0. 008198794,0.004153353,0.001174529,0.015026853,-0.001697618
Germany_Lower_Saxony_AD_400-883,0.117659333,0.132808667,0.058216222,0.04699051 9,0.039779407,0.018003926,0.001253333,0.007888556, 0.003704111,-0.000384778,-0.004979926,0.003896519,-0.008110222,-0.007798481,0.019775,0.003614259,-0.009368296,0.000975926,0.004101519,0.002343704,0. 00590163,0.006718593,0.001136556,0.013897519,0.000 984556
Germany_NorthRhine_Westphalia_AD_600,0.118091417,0 .13531925,0.040289167,0.018599417,0.033980667,0.00 6530667,-3.91667E-05,0.00421125,0.005181167,0.0121035,-0.003653667,0.004658417,-0.010976083,-0.007706833,0.009975417,0.00581175,-0.00268375,0.00074975,0.00296425,-0.002542917,0.001185417,0.00278225,0.000246333,0.0 0747075,-0.001007917
Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75,0.128007154,0.134596538,0.059933231,0.044201308 ,0.038752846,0.016068385,0.003145385,0.005751308,0 .001337231,0.001542154,-0.006045769,0.003850385,-0.010349077,-0.010279308,0.018478769,0.006129846,-0.009417769,0.002894308,0.004022385,0.004088538,0. 004866462,0.003804846,-0.002673462,0.013264,-0.001308154
Ireland_Roscommon_AD_950,0.125700174,0.130694174,0 .060126261,0.050781217,0.037706,0.018152174,0.0008 68478,0.005488043,0.004321609,0.001077522,-0.00561313,0.006724478,-0.014898391,-0.01633513,0.025220391,0.007649826,-0.008990739,0.001696565,0.002541348,0.003599478,0. 004204652,0.003596652,0.001302217,0.010352304,-0.000374826
Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592,0.130896833,0.1352345,0.065116167,0.052218333, 0.039545667,0.019429333,0.003525,0.007845833,0.005 692667,-0.000638,-0.005358667,0.004645833,-0.010183167,-0.008899667,0.022869,0.004530333,-0.010126667,0.002745,0.005195333,0.003877,0.007008 333,0.0058115,-0.002341833,0.011146,-0.001297333
Netherlands_Groningen_AD_730-1100,0.1297584,0.1360132,0.062426133,0.051357,0.04 0007267,0.020805133,0.005185667,0.0090766,0.003831 4,-0.0001094,-0.0042762,0.003147267,-0.009276467,-0.0096886,0.021471,0.008256,-0.004450467,0.0010304,0.003888267,0.004527133,0.00 63638,0.001755867,0.000263067,0.013817,4.78667E-05

https://i.postimg.cc/Bq62sg2V/Vahaduo-Global-25-Views-3.png

Weirdly we get the early medieval Dutch and Germans before English/Irish. But regular G25 sucks for separating NW Europeans so not reading too much into it.

Distance to: Creoda_scaled
0.02008563 Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592
0.02253246 England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire_AD_476-573
0.02315683 Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75
0.02357609 Ireland_Roscommon_AD_950
0.02449598 England_Saxon_Suffolk_AD_475-571
0.02495270 England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire_AD_620-80
0.02533044 England_Saxon_Kent_AD_480-720
0.02584077 Netherlands_Groningen_AD_730-1100
0.02635376 Germany_Lower_Saxony_AD_400-883
0.02744773 England_Saxon_Yorkshire_AD_525-780

Distance to: CreodaMum_scaled
0.01796218 Netherlands_Groningen_AD_730-1100
0.01924759 Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75
0.02019344 Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592
0.02037340 Denmark_Zealand_AD_1150
0.02040510 England_Saxon_Norfolk_AD_775-95
0.02082331 Ireland_Roscommon_AD_950
0.02091543 England_Saxon_Kent_AD_480-720
0.02222799 England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire_AD_476-573
0.02358812 England_Saxon_Sussex_AD_600
0.02373212 England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire_AD_620-80

Distance to: CreodaDad_scaled
0.02444536 Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592
0.02644044 England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire_AD_476-573
0.02691390 England_Saxon_Suffolk_AD_475-571
0.02759179 England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire_AD_620-80
0.02949933 Netherlands_Groningen_AD_730-1100
0.02974207 Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75
0.02989746 Ireland_Roscommon_AD_950
0.03023653 England_Saxon_Yorkshire_AD_525-780
0.03032604 England_Saxon_Kent_AD_480-720
0.03082535 Germany_Lower_Saxony_AD_400-883

Distance to: Pauline_scaled
0.01860264 Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75
0.01911580 England_Saxon_Sussex_AD_600
0.02291875 Netherlands_Groningen_AD_730-1100
0.02479960 Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592
0.02630459 Germany_Lower_Saxony_AD_400-883
0.02666345 Ireland_Roscommon_AD_950
0.02727949 England_Saxon_Kent_AD_480-720
0.02757575 Denmark_Zealand_AD_1150
0.02860451 England_Saxon_Norfolk_AD_775-95
0.02865031 England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire_AD_620-80

Distance to: English_forumites(n=16)
0.01200126 Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75
0.01415194 Netherlands_Groningen_AD_730-1100
0.01783186 England_Saxon_Sussex_AD_600
0.01847015 Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592
0.01900653 Ireland_Roscommon_AD_950
0.02016764 Germany_Lower_Saxony_AD_400-883
0.02039528 England_Saxon_Kent_AD_480-720
0.02043493 Denmark_Zealand_AD_1150
0.02136946 England_Saxon_Cambridgeshire_AD_476-573
0.02174581 England_Saxon_Buckinghamshire_AD_620-80


Target: Creoda_scaled
Distance: 1.9891% / 0.01989117 | ADC: 0.25x RC
78.0 Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592
13.4 Ireland_Roscommon_AD_950
6.2 Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75
2.4 England_Saxon_Durham_AD_750

Target: CreodaMum_scaled
Distance: 1.3639% / 0.01363915 | ADC: 0.25x RC
36.4 England_Saxon_Sussex_AD_600
35.4 England_Saxon_Norfolk_AD_775-95
15.4 Denmark_Zealand_AD_1150
12.8 England_Saxon_Durham_AD_750

Target: CreodaDad_scaled
Distance: 2.4404% / 0.02440413 | ADC: 0.25x RC
88.8 Netherlands_Friesland_AD_469-592
11.2 England_Saxon_Suffolk_AD_475-571

Target: Pauline_scaled
Distance: 1.5336% / 0.01533636 | ADC: 0.25x RC
61.8 England_Saxon_Sussex_AD_600
20.0 England_Saxon_Lincolnshire_AD_1055
18.2 Germany_Schleswig-Holstein_AD_1105-75

Target: English_forumites(n=16)
Distance: 0.7519% / 0.00751850 | ADC: 0.25x RC
57.0 Netherlands_Groningen_AD_730-1100
18.8 Germany_NorthRhine_Westphalia_AD_600
13.8 England_Saxon_Sussex_AD_600
6.2 England_Saxon_Durham_AD_750
4.2 England_Saxon_Lincolnshire_AD_1055

Still can't get my head around that mysterious Gallic/Frankish southern influence in Anglo-Saxon Southern England. That such an important part of English, and thus world history has only been uncovered in 2022, and few have even talked or speculated about it. Why the large French IA influence exists in only Southern England then but the rest of England now? Why East Anglia is the most French IA influenced region now but had none in the Early Middle Ages, and was the most purely Anglo-Saxon? Why Sussex had the most French IA influence in the EMA but has less of it now and the most Anglo-Saxon blood, despite being the entrypoint to England of the Normans at Hastings?

[Davystayn]

True,england is probably a 50/50 of celtic britons and anglo - saxons.

Yes but there is an east west cline with the western areas (which are also hillier, less accessible and more heavily forested back in the day) that are still majority celtic Briton of course.

Some parts of Wales that are particularly remote probably have little or no outside influence from the Saes whatsoever even now

The east west cline in the UK is different from the rest of Europe of course, which has a north south cline (Germany, France etc).

[J. Ketch]

Yes but there is an east west cline with the western areas (which are also hillier, less accessible and more heavily forested back in the day) that are still majority celtic Briton of course.

Some parts of Wales that are particularly remote probably have little or no outside influence from the Saes whatsoever even now

The east west cline in the UK is different from the rest of Europe of course, which has a north south cline (Germany, France etc).
The East-West cline is overrated though. Cornwall and Cumbria have the most Celtic Briton ancestry in England with over 50% (makes sense since they weren't really part of England until after 1066) but the next most Brittonic area is the North East with about 50%. And regarding Germanic ancestry, the Easternmost counties of England don't have the most of it today - why that's so is another fascinating unresolved question prompted by this paper.

[Davystayn]

The East-West cline is overrated though. Cornwall and Cumbria have the most Celtic Briton ancestry in England with over 50% (makes sense since they weren't really part of England until after 1066) but the next most Brittonic area is the North East with about 50%. And regarding Germanic ancestry, the Easternmost counties of England don't have the most of it today - why that's so is another fascinating unresolved question prompted by this paper.

The east west cline is overrated, as they all are, but they still do exist.

The North East does often suprise though, but again, it is very hilly inland, as is Cumbria, which is very Brythonic (like a small Wales in a way).

Nonetheless most western areas like Cornwall and Wales have had significant Anglo influence, more especially Anglo Norman influence, since medieval times.

[J.S.]

delete

[Duke]

Celts got payback by Charlemagne tho, he crushed Saxons(in Germany), scattered survivors all around empire so they could not band up again, and resettled Saxony with different folks.

Basically Saxons didn't want to give up paganism for Christianity, and made bunch of revolts/raids

[J. Ketch]

Celts got payback by Charlemagne tho, he crushed Saxons(in Germany), scattered survivors all around empire so they could not band up again, and resettled Saxony with different folks.

Basically Saxons didn't want to give up paganism for Christianity, and made bunch of revolts/raids
The Franks were friendly with the Anglo-Saxons in the time of Charlemagne, they were both Christian. Charlemagne's main court scholar Alcuin was from Northumbria, and he called Offa his brother in a letter.

I'd be curious how much Celtic blood came into Old Saxony by way of the Franks, not as much as in England but not a negligible amount it seems.

Target: German_Lower_Saxony_South
Distance: 597.6821% / 5.97682072
78.8 Danish
21.2 French

[Flashball]

Would you mind posting the model?

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[Cynewise]

This is great information. My family comes southeastern England so I guess it applies to me :)

[Sheppey]

But over time native Britons (mostly via women) were assimilated into Anglo-Saxon culture.

Abstract from a new study coming.
https://www.e-a-a.org/EAA2020virtual/Programme.aspx?WebsiteKey=79538f04-4210-43d4-90c1-704213a00c84&hkey=e5eed11c-a2ea-404a-86f3-482344cb3829&Program=2#Program

Hence the dearth of Celtic culture in England from early on. A mass replacement event explains that.

As West Germanics pehaps it makes sense to think of English as Germanics that have gone slightly Latin. That basically both the Language and the genetics in a nutshell perhaps ? :

I get this :

Target: SuperLimey
Distance: 1.2600% / 0.01259962 | ADC: 0.25x RC
36.2 Germany_Liebenau_Saxon_EMedieval
16.8 GERMANIC-VIKING : Denmark_Funen_VK134
14.2 Germany_EMedieval_Alemanic
14.0 IBERIAN:Iberia_East_IA:I3324
9.4 GERMANIC-VIKING:ISL_Viking_Age_Norse:VDP-A5
4.2 AQUITANIAN:Iberia_Northeast_Empuries1:I8203
3.0 HUNS:Hun_Tian_Shan: DA80
2.2 ALANIC:RUS_Alan_MA : DA164

^ Seems like 76.6% Germanic which might as well be 80%.

Also, you can still find people who look like this in SouthEast England :


https://i.postimg.cc/K4hX4HBm/Debbie-Corrigan.jpg

[J. Ketch]

As West Germanics pehaps it makes sense to think of English as Germanics that have gone slightly Latin. That basically both the Language and the genetics in a nutshell perhaps ? :
No. West Germanic isn't a people, it's a linguistic grouping. The English language is Frenchified Anglo-Saxon. English genetics is essentially a three-way mixture of ancient Germanics, ancient Britons and ancient Gauls, in varying proportions.



Also, you can still find people who look like this in SouthEast England :


https://i.postimg.cc/K4hX4HBm/Debbie-Corrigan.jpg
Typical misdirection, posting someone from NW England with an Irish surname as an example of 'Germanic' Southeast English.

[J. Ketch]

I saw this OK related video recently that talked about the study (from 26:06). However he suggests that the French IA admixture in England came entirely or mostly with the Normans, which there's no proof of.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nf7GTlhve98&ab_channel=FortressofLugh

[Sheppey]

No. West Germanic isn't a people, it's a linguistic grouping. The English language is Frenchified Anglo-Saxon. English genetics is essentially a three-way mixture of ancient Germanics, ancient Britons and ancient Gauls, in varying proportions.


Typical misdirection, posting someone from NW England with an Irish surname as an example of 'Germanic' Southeast English.

You are a bloody jock it is already proven scientifically that I am genetically within the acceptable English range on a PCA.. Everytime I talk to you I am reminded why I hate the Scots. My last name is the same as the English philosopher Edmund Burke and Norman last names are the highest class people in England daft bloody wanker. That is just one angle to look at my genetics with G25 genius as there are multiple views and angles available . There are no English genetics strictly speaking but range and various admixtures can fall within that range on a PCA. You don't fall within that range so you are a foreigner :


https://i.postimg.cc/rpj51xMt/bork-069.png

[J. Ketch]

You are a bloody jock it is already proven scientifically that I am genetically within the acceptable English range on a PCA.. Everytime I talk to you I am reminded why I hate the Scots. My last name is the same as the English philosopher Edmund Burke and Norman last names are the highest class people in England daft bloody wanker. That is just one angle to look at my genetics with G25 genius as there are multiple views and angles available . There are no English genetics strictly speaking but range and various admixtures can fall within that range on a PCA. You don't fall within that range so you are a foreigner :


https://i.postimg.cc/rpj51xMt/bork-069.png
I just wonder if you bore the people in your institution with these delusions as much as you do those on this forum. Do you affect a shitty toffy English accent and accuse random New Yorkers of being Scottish. That would be pretty funny tbh.

[Sheppey]

No. West Germanic isn't a people, it's a linguistic grouping. The English language is Frenchified Anglo-Saxon. English genetics is essentially a three-way mixture of ancient Germanics, ancient Britons and ancient Gauls, in varying proportions.


Typical misdirection, posting someone from NW England with an Irish surname as an example of 'Germanic' Southeast English.

Alright, you bloody jock isn't there a shipment of heroin coming in from Eastern Europe via ship that you should be partaking in ? :


https://i.postimg.cc/WtRVb5YR/limey.png

https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/celtic-vs-germanic-europe.html

https://i.postimg.cc/wvL84XT0/myancestry.png

https://github.com/wenyun/spa/blob/master/README.md

https://github.com/wenyun/spa

https://i.postimg.cc/CKCsvdpb/zombie.gif

https://i.postimg.cc/rpj51xMt/bork-069.png

https://i.postimg.cc/pLbjgxZC/trainspotting-heroin.gif

[Token]

Look at muh G25 kalkulator coordinates, I'm vewy Germanic!!

https://i.redd.it/gc6r7xd8qd521.png

[♥ Lily ♥]

The DNA results of the indigenous people in all regions of England are shown in this video.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuJ6zeMlVSY

[Grace O'Malley]

You are a bloody jock it is already proven scientifically that I am genetically within the acceptable English range on a PCA.. Everytime I talk to you I am reminded why I hate the Scots. My last name is the same as the English philosopher Edmund Burke and Norman last names are the highest class people in England daft bloody wanker. That is just one angle to look at my genetics with G25 genius as there are multiple views and angles available . There are no English genetics strictly speaking but range and various admixtures can fall within that range on a PCA. You don't fall within that range so you are a foreigner :


https://i.postimg.cc/rpj51xMt/bork-069.png

Edmund Burke is Irish and his mother was a Catholic from Co Cork. Also his family i.e. the Burke side have been in Ireland since the Normans. Are you now claiming all Irish with Norman surnames aren't Irish?

[Sheppey]

Edmund Burke is Irish and his mother was a Catholic from Co Cork.

He was Anglo-Irish and his religion was Anglican not Catholic.


Also his family i.e. the Burke side have been in Ireland since the Normans. Are you now claiming all Irish with Norman surnames aren't Irish?


Norman names are common so no it depends on the individual and an Englishman can have an Irish grandparent I guess :

Target: SuperLimey
Distance: 0.9398% / 0.00939833 | R4P | ADC: 0.5x RC
33.8 Netherlands_LIA
28.8 Germany_Liebenau_Saxon_EMedieval
19.4 France_MBA
18.0 Ireland_EBA.SG

Target: Netherlands_LIA
Distance: 2.2325% / 0.02232505
60.6 Anglo-Saxon: England_Saxon:I0769
19.8 Anglo-Saxon: Longobard
8.8 Celtic:6DT21
7.2 Anglo-Saxon: Deutschendorf_Poprad_MA
3.6 Anglo-Saxon: DEU_MA_ACD:BIM_33

[Grace O'Malley]

He was Anglo-Irish and his religion was Anglican not Catholic.




Norman names are common so no it depends on the individual and an Englishman can have an Irish grandparent I guess :

Target: SuperLimey
Distance: 0.9398% / 0.00939833 | R4P | ADC: 0.5x RC
33.8 Netherlands_LIA
28.8 Germany_Liebenau_Saxon_EMedieval
19.4 France_MBA
18.0 Ireland_EBA.SG

He was Church of Ireland which doesn't mean he wasn't Irish and his mother was Catholic so why are you saying he is English? His father's family was in Ireland since the Normans which is no different than many other Irish families. The Burkes assimilated into Gaelic culture. Also his sister was a Catholic like her mother.

[Sheppey]

He was Church of Ireland which doesn't mean he wasn't Irish and his mother was Catholic so why are you saying he is English? His father's family was in Ireland since the Normans which is no different than many other Irish families. The Burkes assimilated into Gaelic culture. Also his sister was a Catholic like her mother.

Sorry, doll, but I am not sure you understand the finer points of the religious/ethnic caste system in Britain and Ireland being an Aussie. The Church of Ireland is Anglican which means he was not Irish which is pretty much synonymous with Catholic :




The composite Irishman, representing the mean of ten thousand of his countrymen, is 35 years old, 172 cm. tall, and weighs 157 pounds. He is well built, muscular, and large boned, with shoulders 39 cm. broad, and a trunk length which is 53.3 per cent of his total height. His arms are long, and his span is 105.3 per cent of his stature. So far, his bodily dimensions and proportions might be matched among western Norwegians, Icelanders, many Swedes, Livs, and Finns of Finland. His head is large, for Ireland has consistently the largest head size of any equal land area in Europe. The three principal vault dimensions of his head, 196 mm. by 154 mm. by 125 mm., give him the mesocephalic cephalic index of nearly 79, and the moderately hypsicephalic length-height index of 64. His cranial vault, like his body, could again be matched among the larger-headed peoples of Scandinavia and the Baltic lands.

Both his forehead and his lower jaw are unusually broad, with minimum frontal and bigonial diameters of over 109 mm.; this great facial breadth is furthermore expressed by a bizygomatic diameter og 141 mm. The face is long as well as broad, with a menton-nasion height of 127 mm., and an upper face height of 73 mm. The facial index of over 90 is leptoprosopic, while the upper facial index of less than 52 is mesene. The nasal dimensions of 56 mm. and 36 mm. indicate a large nose, with an only moderately leptorrhine nasal index of between 64 and 65.

Without further details, it is possible to state what, in a general sense, the metrical dimensions and proportions summarized above must mean. In stature and in sagittal dimensions of the head and face, the composite Irishman might well be considered a Nordic in the Iron Age sense, of the Hallstatt variety as represented by living inhabitants of eastern Norway, or even of the Keltic Iron Age variety as represented by abundant skeletal series from England. But in total bulk and in lateral diameters, he exceeds any known Nordic form, and in fact cannot be considered an unmixed descendant of the greater Mediterranean family of races. He is comparable in these respects to the western Norwegians, to the Livs, and to some of the Finns. In order to explain his metrical character, it is necessary to invoke the mass absorption by either Megalithic Atlanto-Mediterraneans, or Iron Age Nordics, or both, of an earlier Upper Palaeolithic strain, which entered Ireland in a Mesolithic cultural condition. The living composite Irishman is not a pure Crô-Magnon or Brünn-Předmost man, but it would be no exaggeration to say that, from a metrical standpoint, at least half of his genetic ancestry is to be derived from such a source. Since the number of Mesolithic cultural survivors must have been quite small in proportion to that of the later invaders of Ireland, we are faced with a not uncommon situation, in which an older racial element has, by differential breeding rates, reëmerged.

Having established our composite Irishman, let us see what the differences are from this standard in reference to religious groups and to regions. The Catholics, who form the great majority of the population, fall close to the means reviewed above. The Presbyterians, who are concentrated in the North and who are in part the descendants of immigrants from Scotland, are a centimeter taller and three pounds heavier than the Catholics; their heads are a millimeter longer, a millimeter narrower, and a millimeter higher; their foreheads are a little narrower, their upper face heights longer, while other dimensions remain practically the same. The members of the Anglican Church of Ireland, on the other hand, are virtually the same as the Catholics in height and weight, and in head length and height, but are smaller in head breadth, the three breadths of the face, and in nose size. While the Orangemen slightly exceed the Catholics in some of the features which make the Irish type distinctive, the Church of Ireland Protestants tend rather toward a more usual Nordic metrical norm.


https://www.theapricity.com/snpa/index2.htm

[celticdragongod]

Edmund Burke is Irish and his mother was a Catholic from Co Cork. Also his family i.e. the Burke side have been in Ireland since the Normans. Are you now claiming all Irish with Norman surnames aren't Irish?

I guess it would depend on whether they say "Northern Ireland" or "North of Ireland".

[celticdragongod]

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GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:SouthEasternFrance:Fr ance_GrandEst_IA1:NOR2B6,0.127482,0.150298,0.04789 4,0.009044,0.044624,0.002789,-0.015511,0.010153,0.018816,0.018588,0.012991,0.019 183,-0.001784,-0.00812,0.013979,0.01538,0.026859,0.004054,0.00452 5,0.003627,-0.000499,-0.006925,-0.004807,-0.000241,-0.012214
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: France_GrandEst_IA2:I19359,0.143417,0.136081,0.049 403,0.027132,0.029544,0.016733,-0.000705,-0.006461,0.02127,0.009294,0,-0.001049,-0.002825,-0.013487,0.003529,0.020154,-0.03064,-0.004814,-0.004651,-0.002126,-0.006489,-0.013107,0.007888,-0.005904,0.001916
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1231,0.130897,0.144205,0.054682,0.021964,0 .046778,0.013108,0.00047,0.000923,0.012067,0.01038 7,-0.001949,0.002248,0.001784,-0.005505,0.005565,-0.006497,-0.007562,-0.003167,0.00176,-0.004752,0.00549,0.004946,0.00037,0.013134,-0.003832
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: TeneAisne-Vasseny-Gaul:VAS79,0.130897,0.137096,0.04186,0.0323,0.0504 71,0.009203,0.004935,0.005077,0.007976,0.014761,0. 00747,0.007643,-0.01115,0.00055,0.007057,0.005967,-0.001825,-0.017863,-0.002514,0.001251,0.006988,-0.004575,-0.000123,0.009881,-0.002994
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: FRA_Champagne_IA2:I21931,0.121791,0.127957,0.05845 4,0.028424,0.045239,0.016455,-0.00047,-0.005538,0.005931,0.010387,-0.00065,-0.005095,-0.013677,-0.012386,0.011943,-0.007823,-0.007693,0.003041,0.003645,-0.015257,0.000499,0.002102,-0.007765,-0.006145,-0.000958
GaulishFranceShifted:France_GrandEst_IA2_father.or .son.I21399:I21403,0.120652,0.148267,0.053551,0.02 4871,0.040315,0.006693,-0.007285,-0.008307,0.018816,0.033896,-0.002923,0.018883,-0.024975,-0.006744,0.003122,-0.002387,-0.002086,0.009882,0.005405,-0.010005,0.004866,-0.001855,-0.005546,-0.003615,0.002515
GaulishFranceShifted:TeneAude-LeCailar-Gaul:CLR23,0.141141,0.158423,0.062602,0.01292,0.04 8317,0.008646,0.006815,0.006692,0.021066,0.035901, 0.009581,0.001649,-0.012339,-0.015964,0.0019,0.004508,0.004303,0.005321,-0.003394,-0.003252,0.004866,0.002226,0.00493,0.004338,-0.010897
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:France _GrandEst_IA2:I21399,0.121791,0.144205,0.052797,0. 027132,0.057549,0.001116,-0.000235,0.005538,0.022089,0.021868,-0.002761,0.009442,-0.015163,-0.006468,0.007872,0.000265,-0.002608,0.006461,-0.00264,-0.000625,0.003743,0.007543,-0.007395,-0.002289,-0.002515
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:France _SouthEast_IA2:I13620,0.127482,0.136081,0.061094,0 .013889,0.044316,0.01255,0.001645,0.003923,0.01922 5,0.030069,-0.007795,0.01109,-0.019475,-0.003716,0.014251,-0.005569,-0.024251,0.014316,0.01345,-0.0005,0.011854,-0.001978,-0.006286,0.005302,-0.002275
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:FRA_Ch ampagne_IA2:I21399,0.124067,0.144205,0.054305,0.02 7132,0.056318,0.006693,0.002115,0.002769,0.021475, 0.023691,-0.004872,0.008992,-0.019623,-0.007707,0.009908,0.001193,-0.001173,0.004054,-0.004148,-0.002126,0.005366,0.009398,-0.009613,-0.004579,-0.003113
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:TeneHa ut-Rhin-Colmar-Gaul:COL330,0.137726,0.146236,0.064111,0.015504,0. 040315,-0.001952,-0.00094,0.006,0.009613,0.033167,0.005521,0.009891,-0.015907,-0.007844,0.017101,0.013922,0.007041,-0.009882,-0.006788,-0.001751,-0.000374,-0.005812,-0.023047,-0.002289,-0.003952
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:TeneBa s-Rhin-Erstein-Gaul:ERS83-2,0.132035,0.156392,0.056945,0.017765,0.047086,0.0 00279,-0.004935,0.000462,0.028429,0.026971,-0.000974,0.008542,-0.020367,0.005505,0.006107,0.001989,-0.00326,0.010388,0.000754,-0.002876,0.009483,0.011376,0.001356,-0.006507,-0.00958
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:TeneTe neYvonne-Gurgy-Gaul:GLN141,0.135449,0.145221,0.056568,0.020026,0. 049855,0.008367,0.00423,-0.002077,0.016566,0.032985,-0.008282,0.014087,-0.015312,-0.000413,-0.006922,-0.006364,-0.016559,0.007601,0.000754,-0.007128,0.001373,0.009521,-0.011339,0.00482,0.000359
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:France _SouthEast_IA2:I19916,0.130897,0.145221,0.060716,0 .020026,0.048009,0.001116,0.0047,0.005077,0.016771 ,0.031527,0.005034,0.009442,-0.007879,-0.018166,0.004072,0.007027,0.013951,0.000887,-0.010307,0.005753,0.001622,-0.001484,-0.008381,-0.005904,-0.008502
GaulishFranceShifted:Northern:France_GrandEst_IA2_ son.I19358.son.I19362.brother.I19360:I19363,0.1229 29,0.13405,0.058831,0.040375,0.040623,0.009761,0.0 0658,0.008307,0.006545,0.014397,0.008769,0.01109,-0.010704,-0.008395,0.013301,0.001856,-0.003912,-0.004054,-0.000754,0.000625,0.004367,-0.003833,-0.005916,0.005181,0.005628
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I19358,0.134311,0.132019,0.049403,0.032623 ,0.046778,0.01757,0.011516,0.003461,0.009204,0.007 107,0.011205,0.01169,-0.009217,-0.00578,0.009908,-0.009812,-0.024251,-0.0019,-0.000754,-0.005002,0.007487,0.003833,-0.000493,0.002289,0.00012
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I21402,0.127482,0.136081,0.062979,0.036822 ,0.047086,-0.000279,-0.00047,-0.000462,0.014521,0.018588,-0.001299,0.005995,-0.010852,-0.011698,0.012486,0.002254,0.001434,-0.003547,-0.003394,-0.001,0.007861,-0.001484,0.004437,-0.002289,0.002754
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:FRA_Champagn e_IA2:I21402,0.12862,0.136081,0.065996,0.032946,0. 045239,0.000279,-0.001645,0.000692,0.019021,0.021322,-0.001786,0.004496,-0.011298,-0.00578,0.008822,0.003315,-0.00326,-0.003041,-0.002011,5e-04,0.007986,-0.002473,0.006039,-0.003976,0.004071
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneMarne-Isles-sur-Suippe-Gaul:ISL6950,0.12862,0.133034,0.060339,0.033915,0. 046162,0.006972,0.00799,0.003231,0.013294,0.017495 ,-0.00747,0.007943,-0.011744,-0.011836,0.008822,0.01485,0.019036,-0.007348,-0.000628,0.004502,-0.000374,-0.005193,0.001725,0.00241,-0.00467
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1264,0.118376,0.137096,0.062225,0.029716,0 .045855,0.00251,0.00658,0.003,0.008181,0.02041,-0.007957,0.001049,-0.01219,-0.00867,0.013029,-0.012994,-0.017471,0.005448,0.004525,-0.006128,0.001123,0.005193,0.003574,-0.00735,-0.005149
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:FRA_Champagn e_IA2:I19358,0.129758,0.135065,0.047894,0.034561,0 .045239,0.016733,0.012456,0,0.011862,0.00893,0.013 803,0.009292,-0.009366,-0.00523,0.010993,-0.008618,-0.022817,-0.00152,-0.001383,-0.006378,0.006738,0.002844,-0.000863,0.003735,0.001437
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1349-B,0.119514,0.135065,0.059208,0.026163,0.048624,0.0 22032,-0.00893,0.003692,0.010226,0.023144,-0.004384,0.001649,-0.019475,-0.009358,0.014794,-0.00358,-0.00326,0.004181,0.004399,0.001626,0.002121,0.0013 6,-0.000123,0.002651,-0.002036
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAisne-Bucy-le-Long-Gaul:BFM265,0.12862,0.149283,0.053174,0.031654,0.0 50163,0.014781,0.001645,-0.004615,0.01268,0.01057,-0.008444,0.009142,-0.018583,-0.007432,0.019137,-0.003315,-0.014081,0.014316,0.009176,0.002001,0.001622,-0.000866,0.002465,0.000964,0.000718
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I20815,0.126344,0.141159,0.051666,0.032946 ,0.054472,0.010598,0.004935,0.008077,0.01084,0.015 672,-0.009906,0.012889,-0.006838,-0.005505,0.013029,-0.016574,-0.023339,0.006588,0.004902,-0.005878,0.007861,0.005193,-0.008997,0.002048,-0.008502
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:FRA_Champagn e_IA2:I20815,0.126344,0.146236,0.056191,0.031977,0 .059396,0.009203,0.00611,0.006692,0.013294,0.01385 ,-0.01023,0.017235,-0.00773,-0.003165,0.014929,-0.015778,-0.020992,0.004687,0.005908,-0.003627,0.007736,0.006554,-0.011462,0.000361,-0.009221
GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I21931,0.120652,0.125926,0.056191,0.028101 ,0.04647,0.015339,0.001645,-0.006231,0.010226,0.014397,-0.002923,-0.002847,-0.014866,-0.016928,0.015472,-0.010475,-0.007041,0.00152,0.004148,-0.013882,0.005241,0.000247,-0.005053,-0.003976,0.001197
GaulishFranceShifted:,0.12970234,0.14227392,0.0578 16885,0.029181197,0.045561951,0.0097474262,0.00123 27869,0.0031095902,0.014501082,0.019789082,-0.0019592951,0.0070093443,-0.015243836,-0.009184623,0.01167641,0.0015976066,-0.0051982459,0.002918,0.001747377,-0.00044688525,0.0040195902,0.0029757377,-0.0036024754,-0.0013985738,-0.001705918

Distance to: CDG_scaled
0.02383236 GermanicSaxonCNE
0.02529666 EnglandCelticWBI
0.02750511 EnglandCelticWBI
0.03389527 GermanicSaxonCNE
0.03777594 GaulishFranceShifted:Northern:France_GrandEst_IA2_ son.I19358.son.I19362.brother.I19360:I19363
0.04161612 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04161612 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAisne-Bucy-le-Long-Gaul:BFM265
0.04294994 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04294994 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I19358
0.04304888 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04400089 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04400089 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:FRA_Champagn e_IA2:I19358
0.04593436 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1349-B
0.04599941 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1231
0.04660625 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04660625 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I21402
0.04872134 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04872134 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:FRA_Champagn e_IA2:I21402
0.04994829 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04994829 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I20815
0.04997954 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: TeneAisne-Vasseny-Gaul:VAS79
0.05028392 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1264
0.05055306 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05055306 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05161967 GaulishFranceShifted:

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 1.4643% / 0.01464328
57.6 GermanicSaxonCNE
35.6 GaulishFranceShifted
6.8 Basque-like

[Davystayn]

He was Anglo-Irish and his religion was Anglican not Catholic.




Norman names are common so no it depends on the individual and an Englishman can have an Irish grandparent I guess :

Target: SuperLimey
Distance: 0.9398% / 0.00939833 | R4P | ADC: 0.5x RC
33.8 Netherlands_LIA
28.8 Germany_Liebenau_Saxon_EMedieval
19.4 France_MBA
18.0 Ireland_EBA.SG

Target: Netherlands_LIA
Distance: 2.2325% / 0.02232505
60.6 Anglo-Saxon: England_Saxon:I0769
19.8 Anglo-Saxon: Longobard
8.8 Celtic:6DT21
7.2 Anglo-Saxon: Deutschendorf_Poprad_MA
3.6 Anglo-Saxon: DEU_MA_ACD:BIM_33

There are a lot of Norman origin names in Ireland. After assuming control the Anglo Normans ended up becoming over the years 'more Irish than the Irish' and staunch Irishmen. Anyone you may know with surname Walsh has Irish descent in the paternal line who were originally Welsh Normans that went to Ireland.

[Sheppey]

There are a lot of Norman origin names in Ireland. After assuming control the Anglo Normans ended up becoming over the years 'more Irish than the Irish' and staunch Irishmen. Anyone you may know with surname Walsh has Irish descent in the paternal line who were originally Welsh Normans that went to Ireland.

Hiya, mate, thanks but I already knew all of that except the Walsh lineage thing.

[Brandon]

Target: ANCESTRYDNA_scaled
Distance: 2.4768% / 0.02476775
33.4 GaulishFranceShifted
33.0 EnglandCelticWBI
23.2 GermanicSaxonCNE
10.0 Basque-like
0.4 ITA_Rome_Imperial

Target: ANCESTRYDNA_scaled
Distance: 2.4933% / 0.02493326 | ADC: 0.25x RC
49.2 EnglandCelticWBI
30.4 GaulishFranceShifted
11.6 GermanicSaxonCNE
8.8 Basque-like

Distance to: ANCESTRYDNA_scaled
0.02827126 EnglandCelticWBI
0.03184703 GermanicSaxonCNE
0.03748104 EnglandCelticWBI
0.03945534 GaulishFranceShifted:Northern:France_GrandEst_IA2_ son.I19358.son.I19362.brother.I19360:I19363
0.04180124 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneMarne-Isles-sur-Suippe-Gaul:ISL6950
0.04565133 GermanicSaxonCNE
0.04665685 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04789931 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.04789931 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I21402
0.05011981 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1349-B
0.05223652 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: TeneAisne-Vasseny-Gaul:VAS79
0.05313016 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05313016 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:FRA_Champagn e_IA2:I21402
0.05443835 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05443835 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05480738 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05590760 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05590760 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:TeneAisne-Bucy-le-Long-Gaul:BFM265
0.05641721 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:FRA_Ch ampagne_IA2:I21399
0.05778368 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: TeneAube-Barbuise-Gaul:GDF1231
0.05823897 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05823897 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:Northern:France_Grand Est_IA2:I21931
0.05881382 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralWestern:France _GrandEst_IA2:I21399
0.05957003 GaulishFranceShifted:
0.05957003 GaulishFranceShifted:Gaulish:CentralEasternFrance: FRA_Champagne_IA2:I21931

[RyoHazuki]

Target: G25K13SimRyoHazuki
Distance: 0.8220% / 0.00821969
59.8 GaulishFranceShifted
32.8 GermanicSaxonCNE
6.6 EnglandCelticWBI
0.8 ITA_Rome_Imperial

Target: Ryo_scaled
Distance: 1.9295% / 0.01929505
59.8 GaulishFranceShifted
38.0 GermanicSaxonCNE
2.2 ITA_Rome_Imperial