G25 results of Pinoys

[Zanzibar]

Here are the results of Philippine averages: I noticed that no one have averaged them so I decide to do it. Murut and Gongguan is Austronesian, Zhejiang is Chinese. Shahr_Sokhta and AASI to represent South Asian admixture, Basque to represent European ancestry (it seems a lot of Spaniards who colonized the Philippines were Basques), Yemeni to represent any Arab affinity and Mixe (an Amerindian tribe from Mexico) to represent any Latino admixture.

Target: Filipino
Distance: 0.9264% / 0.00926370
46.4 Murut
31.2 TWN_Gongguan
12.6 Han_Zhejiang
3.4 Basque_Spanish
2.6 Papuan
1.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
1.4 S_AASI_Sim(Hakkipikki)
0.8 Yemenite_Al_Jawf

Target: Luzon
Distance: 0.7354% / 0.00735382
41.8 Murut
32.4 TWN_Gongguan
16.6 Han_Zhejiang
2.8 Basque_Spanish
2.8 S_AASI_Sim(Hakkipikki)
1.8 Papuan
1.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
0.2 Mixe

Target: Vizayan
Distance: 1.1727% / 0.01172717
47.8 TWN_Gongguan
39.0 Murut
5.2 Papuan
3.4 S_AASI_Sim(Hakkipikki)
2.4 Basque_Spanish
1.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
0.8 Mixe

Target: Igorot
Distance: 2.5155% / 0.02515541
73.8 TWN_Gongguan
25.0 Murut
0.8 Papuan
0.2 Basque_Spanish
0.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1


Target: Aeta
Distance: 4.5773% / 0.04577292
35.0 Murut
26.8 TWN_Gongguan
13.4 S_AASI_Sim(Hakkipikki)
12.4 Papuan
6.0 Basque_Spanish
5.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
1.4 Mixe

Target: Agta
Distance: 5.3927% / 0.05392674
37.0 TWN_Gongguan
24.2 Murut
13.6 Papuan
13.6 S_AASI_Sim(Hakkipikki)
5.0 Basque_Spanish
5.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
1.2 Yemenite_Al_Jawf
0.4 Mixe

Target: Batak
Distance: 3.1222% / 0.03122174
61.6 Murut
11.2 Papuan
9.0 S_AASI_Sim(Hakkipikki)
8.8 TWN_Gongguan
5.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
1.6 Basque_Spanish
1.2 Mixe
1.0 Yemenite_Al_Jawf

Replacing AASI and Iran_N with a South Asian proxy to see if Indian affinity is genuine:


Target: Filipino
Distance: 0.9491% / 0.00949082
47.2 Murut
30.4 TWN_Gongguan
12.8 Han_Zhejiang
3.0 Gujarati
2.8 Basque_Spanish
2.6 Papuan
1.2 Yemenite_Al_Jawf

Target: Luzon
Distance: 0.8536% / 0.00853599
44.2 Murut
29.8 TWN_Gongguan
17.6 Han_Zhejiang
5.0 Gujarati
1.8 Papuan
1.6 Basque_Spanish

Target: Vizayan
Distance: 1.2750% / 0.01275001
45.8 TWN_Gongguan
41.0 Murut
5.6 Gujarati
5.4 Papuan
0.8 Basque_Spanish
0.8 Han_Zhejiang
0.6 Mixe

Target: Igorot
Distance: 2.5164% / 0.02516429
73.6 TWN_Gongguan
25.2 Murut
0.8 Papuan
0.4 Basque_Spanish

Target: Aeta
Distance: 5.0864% / 0.05086435
41.0 Murut
23.4 TWN_Gongguan
21.4 Gujarati
13.2 Papuan
1.0 Mixe

Target: Agta
Distance: 5.8222% / 0.05822222
35.0 TWN_Gongguan
28.6 Murut
21.8 Gujarati
14.6 Papuan

Target: Batak
Distance: 3.3491% / 0.03349095
64.4 Murut
15.4 Gujarati
11.8 Papuan
7.6 TWN_Gongguan
0.8 Mixe

Here are the G25 results of individual Philipinos. Interesting how many score significant Chinese ancestry. Also it seems like all of them have some West Eurasian admixture (Iran_N+Iberian+Yemeni). I'm confused though where does the Arab admixture in Pinoys come from? Some early Islamic contact? Philippines used to be Islamic+Animist+Buddhist+Hindu before the arrival of the Spaniards. Even today, there are still notable Muslim minority in Southern Phils.

https://i.imgur.com/EW4fj7n.png

https://i.imgur.com/0i16xc9.png


Individual results of Igorots (an isolated Austronesian Mountain tribe from Northern Phils) and Negritos to compare: Its so strange to see Negritos scoring so many South Asian (AASI+Iran_N) and European admixture??.. :confused:

https://i.imgur.com/Sylq2wq.png

I decided to put a South Asian population just to verify if their South Asian is genuine. Seems like they have actual Indian ancestry. Which probably comes from the Indianization period of Philippines which was before Spanish colonization: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_influences_in_early_Philippine_polities

https://i.imgur.com/2OQ0UUO.png

https://i.imgur.com/J5iQXtE.png

Note- Vizayan3 seems to be the same individual as the lone Vizayan sample in G25 spreadsheet while Luz6 seems to be the same individual as the single Luzon sample in G25

[Alexandro]

Interesting stuff, thanks for sharing.

[Zanzibar]

Interesting stuff, thanks for sharing.

You welcome. I find it interesting how there are still South Asian ancestry in Pinoys like most other SE Asians (who have much more than Pinos) despite 300-400 years of Spanish colonization.

Do you think the Euro admixture in the Negritos and some Igorots (mountain Austronesians from Northern Phils) as seen in the models are genuine?

[Alexandro]

You welcome. I find it interesting how there are still South Asian ancestry in Pinoys like most other SE Asians (who have much more than Pinos) despite 300-400 years of Spanish colonization.

Do you think the Euro admixture in the Negritos and some Igorots (mountain Austronesians from Northern Phils) as seen in the models are genuine?

Hmm, well. There were not many Spaniards who migrated to the Philippines because it was so far away from the rest of the empire, much of the administrative machinery was run by religious orders whose friars were often the most visible Spanish presence, and the reason why Filipinos have Spanish surnames was because of the Claveria decree or in some cases, natives adopting the surname of a priest (this is why you'll come across some Igorots with Spanish surnames) so I doubt it personally.

I could be wrong though.

[Zanzibar]

Hmm, well. There were not many Spaniards who migrated to the Philippines because it was so far away from the rest of the empire, much of the administrative machinery was run by religious orders whose friars were often the most visible Spanish presence, and the reason why Filipinos have Spanish surnames was because of the Claveria decree or in some cases, natives adopting the surname of a priest (this is why you'll come across some Igorots with Spanish surnames) so I doubt it personally.

I could be wrong though.

Forget to mention I also include Mixe as a Native American proxy to detect if there is any Latin American admixture in Philippines as I heard that the Phils was governed indirectly through Mexico which was part of the Spanish Empire at the time.

Can you expand more on the Claveria degree? It seems that there are still a lot of local surnames among Pinos today though.

[Alexandro]

Forget to mention I also include Mixe as a Native American proxy to detect if there is any Latin American admixture in Philippines as I heard that the Phils was governed indirectly through Mexico which was part of the Spanish Empire at the time.

Can you expand more on the Claveria degree? It seems that there are still a lot of local surnames among Pinos today though.

Yes, during the empire the viceroyalties were semi-autonomous, the viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico) had total interference in all its territory:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain.svg/1920px-Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain.svg.png

The king did not have much influence on viceregal decisions because the peninsula was so far away and local officials had wide latitude to deal with specific administrative and judicial matters. On top of this there was hierarchy and this meant that tough decisions could be pushed upward to someone with more authority before it had to go all the way back to the peninsula. So, for example there were local magistrates in the Philippines who could deal with most matters of local justice. There was a high court and governor that could deal with judicial cases and administrative issues, not to mention a religious hierarchy that managed religious affairs (it was a religiously driven empire, remember). Tough decisions could be sent to the superior court in Mexico City or to the viceroy there. In many cases, officials would implement a policy and send a request to their immediate superior or to Spain to have that policy confirmed by the king and Council of the Indies (the administrative and advisory body for Spanish overseas realms). That process could easily take two years or more! And, it was also normal to send out officials empowered to review the performance of existing officials. Even though communicating took a long time, letters were constant. What that meant is that there was a two year or more delay on any specific issue even if letters and orders were going back and forth constantly. (only statements about what was decided in each viceroyalty were sent to Madrid) however even so, the King was the supreme authority..

There was something called "audiencias" as well, these were akin to local governments, and by the independence wars there were around a dozen. They had legislative and judicial functions, but did not “rule” in any the sense of a governor or a viceroy.

Regarding the Claveria Decree, the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines issued this essentially requiring all Filipino subjects at the time to take specific surnames, especially if they didn't already have one (which was usually given before then by Spanish friars that baptized them to be Catholic, or based on their ancestors' names, especially if those ancestors were precolonial nobles as I mentioned before).

They took names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos ("Alphabetical Catalog of Surnames"), given across the islands, distributed by town and province to specific families. It was done for colonial population management reasons (tax, census, etc). This is the major reason many Filipinos today may have Spanish surnames without necessarily having Spanish ancestry. (The second reason is, of course, pre-1849 Catholic baptisms. Actual Spanish ancestry, legitimate or not, like friars breaking celibacy, is a distant third).

(Sorry for wall of text :p)