British Isles genetic discussion

[J. Ketch]

Post gedmatch kits, studies, random questions or observations etc here.

[Leto]

England is somewhat diverse, but not really compared to the Netherlands, let alone France or Germany. The point I like to make is that Britain and the British Isles especially are more diverse than people make out. The exaggeration of the anthro-genetic similarity of British Isles peoples is a bugbear of mine, and conversely, so is the exaggeration of the cultural difference/hostilities between modern Irish/Scottish and English.
So you're basically saying that cultural diversity in the UK and Ireland is smaller than genetic? Can you actually tell Irish from British apart most of the time?

[J. Ketch]

So you're basically saying that cultural diversity in the UK and Ireland is smaller than genetic?
No, I was saying that the anthropological/genetic similarity of peoples of the British Isles vs the continent is often overrated (on here at least), whereas many outwith the British Isles exaggerate the cultural difference between the so-called Celts and Anglo's. You know the stereotypes. Going back to your question, it's not what I was saying but it is true, the British Isles is united with a common tongue, pop culture/references, family ties, intertwined history, similar humour, food and so on, that it doesn't share with continentals. That is a hard barrier that doesn't exist in genetics or anthropology, where the British Isles is part of the NW European continuum.


Can you actually tell Irish from British apart most of the time?
What do you mean by British? It's a recent political creation, not an ethnicity in the traditional sense. Gaelic Scots are British, and most would argue that assimilated Irish in England are too. Genetically AncestryDNA can tell apart English and Irish with complete accuracy, even English from Welsh.

[Tooting Carmen]

No, I was saying that the anthropological/genetic similarity of peoples of the British Isles vs the continent is often overrated (on here at least), whereas many outwith the British Isles exaggerate the cultural difference between the so-called Celts and Anglo's. You know the stereotypes. Going back to your question, it's not what I was saying but it is true, the British Isles is united with a common tongue, pop culture/references, family ties, intertwined history, similar humour, food and so on, that it doesn't share with continentals. That is a hard barrier that doesn't exist in genetics or anthropology, where the British Isles is part of the NW European continuum.

Yes and no. I am not so sure about the Irish, but why are the Welsh and Scots usually more politically collectivist/left-leaning than the English? (Even the Northern English).


Genetically AncestryDNA can tell apart English and Irish with complete accuracy, even English from Welsh.

Seriously?

[Tooting Carmen]

No, I was saying that the anthropological/genetic similarity of peoples of the British Isles vs the continent is often overrated (on here at least), whereas many outwith the British Isles exaggerate the cultural difference between the so-called Celts and Anglo's. You know the stereotypes. Going back to your question, it's not what I was saying but it is true, the British Isles is united with a common tongue, pop culture/references, family ties, intertwined history, similar humour, food and so on, that it doesn't share with continentals. That is a hard barrier that doesn't exist in genetics or anthropology, where the British Isles is part of the NW European continuum.

Yes and no. I am not so sure about the Irish, but why are the Welsh and Scots usually more politically collectivist/left-leaning than the English? (Even the Northern English).


Genetically AncestryDNA can tell apart English and Irish with complete accuracy, even English from Welsh.

Seriously?

[Leto]

No, I was saying that the anthropological/genetic similarity of peoples of the British Isles vs the continent is often overrated (on here at least), whereas many outwith the British Isles exaggerate the cultural difference between the so-called Celts and Anglo's. You know the stereotypes. Going back to your question, it's not what I was saying but it is true, the British Isles is united with a common tongue, pop culture/references, family ties, intertwined history, similar humour, food and so on, that it doesn't share with continentals. That is a hard barrier that doesn't exist in genetics or anthropology, where the British Isles is part of the NW European continuum.


What do you mean by British? It's a recent political creation, not an ethnicity in the traditional sense. Gaelic Scots are British, and most would argue that assimilated Irish in England are too. Genetically AncestryDNA can tell apart English and Irish with complete accuracy, even English from Welsh.
I see. Yeah, although I'm not British obviously, I would consider Irishmen living in Britain completely British, not foreign at all. For example Geezer Butler (bass player and songwriter of Black Sabbath) and Morrissey were born in the UK to Irish parents.
By British I obviously mean the White British. I know British is treated as a nationality (Black British, Asian British, Jewish British, etc.) but those folks are not indigenous.

[Rædwald]

Seriously?

https://i.postimg.cc/9ft1cgbv/000.png

Apparently so

[Leto]

On Gedmatch Irishmen, Scots, Welshmen and many Englishmen score very similar results.

[Tooting Carmen]

On Gedmatch Irishmen, Scots, Welshmen and many Englishmen score very similar results.

Yeah but how big are the samples?

[Petalpusher]

AncestryDNA is doing it with IBD and their "communities", not with autosomal. Because Welsh have reproduced more with other Welsh than with other parts of UK, so that's easy to discriminate, they are essentially more related to one another regardless of what they would be genetically. In the same way on 23andme, when you get a specific region under the main groupings it's not because of your genetic proportions per say, but other people from the same region shares longer and more recent blocks with you, which indicates a distant family relationship. As a result it works even for mixed people, there clearly it's not defined by autosomal similarity.

[J. Ketch]

Yes and no. I am not so sure about the Irish, but why are the Welsh and Scots usually more politically collectivist/left-leaning than the English? (Even the Northern English).
There are political divides in every country, it doesn't come close to outweighing the relative cultural similarities between the nations.



Seriously?
I don't have stats at hand, but from all the results I've seen, those nationalities are never confused, at most they overstimate minor percentages.

Just as an example, my English side (from 50 mins away from the Welsh border) rightly gets almost no Welsh in commercial tests:
https://i.postimg.cc/tgbSY0RJ/ancsept21.jpg
https://i.postimg.cc/mrpV7YYH/Opera-Snapshot-2020-02-05-142842-my-livingdna-com.png

[J. Ketch]

On Gedmatch Irishmen, Scots, Welshmen and many Englishmen score very similar results.
Yeah, but they also score very similar results to Dutch, Bretons and many Scandinavians/Icelanders.

[J. Ketch]

Yeah, but they also score very similar results to Dutch, Bretons and many Scandinavians/Icelanders.
Have converted most of the collected British Isles and Dutch regional kits to K36 (only have Munster and NW Eng left to do). These are the average distances and sample numbers, make of it what you will:

Distance to: Welsh(n=40)
1.84013586 Scottish(n=49)
2.02168247 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
2.96000000 English_Southwest(n=24)
3.04998361 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
3.22311961 English_Northeast(n=13)
3.92240997 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
3.92540444 Cornish(N=14)
4.07030711 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
4.47465082 English_Southeast(n=68)
4.67530748 Irish_Ulster(n=27)
5.09336824 English_East(n=19)
5.16213134 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
6.16401655 Dutch(n=26)
7.04821254 Dutch_Central(n=12)
9.54962303 Flemish(n=14)

Distance to: Scottish(n=49)
1.84013586 Welsh(n=40)
2.31525377 English_Northeast(n=13)
2.48815192 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
3.36339115 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
3.48007184 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
3.65213636 English_Southwest(n=24)
3.85892472 Cornish(N=14)
3.90252482 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
4.02733162 English_Southeast(n=68)
4.57909380 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
4.90981670 English_East(n=19)
5.24404424 Dutch(n=26)
5.67554403 Irish_Ulster(n=27)
6.02230853 Dutch_Central(n=12)
8.91913673 Flemish(n=14)

Distance to: Irish_Ulster(n=27)
2.46716436 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
3.71180549 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
4.67530748 Welsh(n=40)
5.67554403 Scottish(n=49)
6.29505361 English_Southwest(n=24)
6.31365979 Cornish(N=14)
6.80443973 English_Northeast(n=13)
7.87949237 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
8.28412337 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
8.45193469 English_Southeast(n=68)
9.07642551 English_East(n=19)
9.26341730 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
9.93112280 Dutch(n=26)
10.98695590 Dutch_Central(n=12)
13.43823649 Flemish(n=14)

Distance to: Irish_Leinster(n=27)
2.02168247 Welsh(n=40)
2.48815192 Scottish(n=49)
2.78222932 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
3.22533719 Cornish(N=14)
3.33627037 English_Northeast(n=13)
3.71180549 Irish_Ulster(n=27)
3.77308892 English_Southwest(n=24)
4.89169705 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
5.08782861 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
5.40652384 English_Southeast(n=68)
6.06295308 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
6.27083726 English_East(n=19)
7.17559057 Dutch(n=26)
8.05264553 Dutch_Central(n=12)
10.21298683 Flemish(n=14)

Distance to: Irish_Connacht(n=27)
2.46716436 Irish_Ulster(n=27)
2.78222932 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
3.04998361 Welsh(n=40)
3.90252482 Scottish(n=49)
5.28959356 English_Southwest(n=24)
5.46268249 English_Northeast(n=13)
5.80191348 Cornish(N=14)
6.04283874 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
6.62054378 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
6.86634546 English_Southeast(n=68)
7.41689962 English_East(n=19)
7.61241092 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
8.10435068 Dutch(n=26)
9.12342589 Dutch_Central(n=12)
12.09792957 Flemish(n=14)

Distance to: English_West-Midlands(n=44)
1.52973854 English_Southeast(n=68)
2.05402045 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
2.07016908 English_East(n=19)
2.37661524 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
2.91724185 English_Northeast(n=13)
3.48007184 Scottish(n=49)
3.57633891 English_Southwest(n=24)
4.07030711 Welsh(n=40)
4.14488842 Dutch(n=26)
4.40382788 Dutch_Central(n=12)
5.08782861 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
5.44132337 Cornish(N=14)
6.26221207 Flemish(n=14)
6.62054378 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
8.28412337 Irish_Ulster(n=27)

Distance to: English_Yorkshire(n=28)
2.18691564 English_Southeast(n=68)
2.37661524 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
2.95951009 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
3.12237089 English_Northeast(n=13)
3.31292922 English_East(n=19)
3.36339115 Scottish(n=49)
3.68787202 Dutch(n=26)
3.74925326 English_Southwest(n=24)
3.92240997 Welsh(n=40)
4.27892510 Dutch_Central(n=12)
4.89169705 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
5.58953486 Cornish(N=14)
6.04283874 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
7.44116926 Flemish(n=14)
7.87949237 Irish_Ulster(n=27)

Distance to: English_Southwest(n=24)
2.96000000 Welsh(n=40)
3.42179777 English_Southeast(n=68)
3.57633891 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
3.59367500 English_Northeast(n=13)
3.65213636 Scottish(n=49)
3.74925326 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
3.77308892 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
4.05253007 English_East(n=19)
4.09499695 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
4.20095227 Cornish(N=14)
5.28959356 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
6.29505361 Irish_Ulster(n=27)
6.34167959 Dutch(n=26)
6.96879473 Dutch_Central(n=12)
8.03714502 Flemish(n=14)

Distance to: English_Southeast(n=68)
1.52973854 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
2.00427044 English_East(n=19)
2.18401007 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
2.18691564 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
3.26573116 English_Northeast(n=13)
3.42179777 English_Southwest(n=24)
4.02733162 Scottish(n=49)
4.07406431 Dutch(n=26)
4.39765847 Dutch_Central(n=12)
4.47465082 Welsh(n=40)
5.40652384 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
5.78790981 Cornish(N=14)
5.83434658 Flemish(n=14)
6.86634546 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
8.45193469 Irish_Ulster(n=27)

Distance to: English_Northeast(n=13)
2.31525377 Scottish(n=49)
2.91724185 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
3.12237089 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
3.22311961 Welsh(n=40)
3.26573116 English_Southeast(n=68)
3.33627037 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
3.43917141 Cornish(N=14)
3.59367500 English_Southwest(n=24)
3.63787026 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
4.35707471 English_East(n=19)
4.59754282 Dutch(n=26)
5.22407887 Dutch_Central(n=12)
5.46268249 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
6.80443973 Irish_Ulster(n=27)
7.56889688 Flemish(n=14)

Distance to: English_East-Midlands(n=28)
2.04166599 English_East(n=19)
2.05402045 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
2.18401007 English_Southeast(n=68)
2.95951009 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
3.63787026 English_Northeast(n=13)
4.09499695 English_Southwest(n=24)
4.40507662 Dutch_Central(n=12)
4.52036503 Dutch(n=26)
4.57909380 Scottish(n=49)
5.16213134 Welsh(n=40)
5.44214112 Flemish(n=14)
5.96174471 Cornish(N=14)
6.06295308 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
7.61241092 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
9.26341730 Irish_Ulster(n=27)

Distance to: English_East(n=19)
2.00427044 English_Southeast(n=68)
2.04166599 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
2.07016908 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
3.31292922 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
4.05253007 English_Southwest(n=24)
4.35707471 English_Northeast(n=13)
4.74464962 Dutch(n=26)
4.79611301 Dutch_Central(n=12)
4.90981670 Scottish(n=49)
5.09336824 Welsh(n=40)
5.78706316 Flemish(n=14)
6.27083726 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
6.74982963 Cornish(N=14)
7.41689962 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
9.07642551 Irish_Ulster(n=27)

Distance to: Cornish(N=14)
3.22533719 Irish_Leinster(n=27)
3.43917141 English_Northeast(n=13)
3.85892472 Scottish(n=49)
3.92540444 Welsh(n=40)
4.20095227 English_Southwest(n=24)
5.44132337 English_West-Midlands(n=44)
5.58953486 English_Yorkshire(n=28)
5.78790981 English_Southeast(n=68)
5.80191348 Irish_Connacht(n=27)
5.96174471 English_East-Midlands(n=28)
6.31365979 Irish_Ulster(n=27)
6.74982963 English_East(n=19)
7.66333478 Dutch(n=26)
8.24306375 Dutch_Central(n=12)
9.13479611 Flemish(n=14)


In K13 it's a little more predictable

Distance to: Welsh
1.31129707 Scottish
1.38141232 English_North
1.45289366 English_Southwest
2.16820202 English_Midlands
2.54127921 Irish
2.57893389 English_Southeast
3.65357359 Dutch
3.84471065 Dutch_Central
4.39276678 German_Northwest
4.67989316 Dutch_North
4.87138584 French_Brittany
5.22118760 Icelandic
5.83109767 Dutch_South
6.78935932 Danish
6.90170993 Norwegian
7.39244885 Norwegian_Southcentral
7.51446605 Belgian
7.54662176 Swedish_Götaland
8.99941665 Swedish_West-Svealand
9.32191504 French_North

Distance to: Scottish
1.31129707 Welsh
1.56320184 Irish
1.85553227 English_North
2.62007633 English_Southwest
3.03953944 English_Midlands
3.48106306 English_Southeast
3.79640620 Dutch_Central
3.84233002 Dutch
4.18056216 Dutch_North
4.24821139 German_Northwest
4.33957371 Icelandic
6.08660004 French_Brittany
6.14986992 Norwegian
6.16417878 Danish
6.70665341 Norwegian_Southcentral
6.86885726 Dutch_South
6.93205597 Swedish_Götaland
8.49189025 Swedish_West-Svealand
8.57124845 Belgian
9.17188639 Swedish

Distance to: Irish
1.56320184 Scottish
2.54127921 Welsh
3.37458146 English_North
3.91818836 English_Southwest
4.53614374 English_Midlands
4.71876043 Icelandic
4.94339964 English_Southeast
5.12399258 Dutch_Central
5.18172751 Dutch_North
5.26616559 Dutch
5.44416201 German_Northwest
6.63532215 Norwegian
6.82082840 Danish
7.21216334 French_Brittany
7.27547937 Norwegian_Southcentral
7.54868200 Swedish_Götaland
8.25387182 Dutch_South
9.15330541 Swedish_West-Svealand
9.91164467 Belgian
10.00914082 Swedish

Distance to: English_Southwest
1.32098448 English_Midlands
1.45289366 Welsh
1.46901327 English_North
1.64152368 English_Southeast
2.62007633 Scottish
3.34904464 Dutch
3.62785060 French_Brittany
3.72882019 Dutch_Central
3.91818836 Irish
4.59696639 German_Northwest
4.67944441 Dutch_South
4.98643159 Dutch_North
6.07727735 Icelandic
6.32840422 Belgian
7.25131023 Danish
7.53294763 Norwegian
7.88293093 Norwegian_Southcentral
7.98409669 Swedish_Götaland
8.09692534 French_North
9.31173453 Swedish_West-Svealand

Distance to: English_Southeast
0.62609903 English_Midlands
1.64152368 English_Southwest
1.95397032 English_North
2.57893389 Welsh
2.60612740 Dutch
3.21628668 Dutch_Central
3.48106306 Scottish
3.50019999 Dutch_South
3.63195540 French_Brittany
3.72151851 German_Northwest
4.74839973 Dutch_North
4.94339964 Irish
5.19236940 Belgian
6.11940357 Icelandic
7.06528839 Danish
7.24735814 French_North
7.44770434 Norwegian
7.71896366 Norwegian_Southcentral
7.78467726 Swedish_Götaland
8.47156420 German

Distance to: English_North
1.38141232 Welsh
1.40042851 English_Midlands
1.46901327 English_Southwest
1.85553227 Scottish
1.95397032 English_Southeast
2.36898713 Dutch
2.56267438 Dutch_Central
3.37458146 Irish
3.51955963 German_Northwest
3.60462203 Dutch_North
4.67857884 Icelandic
4.92720002 French_Brittany
5.27535781 Dutch_South
5.89390363 Danish
6.14074100 Norwegian
6.50804118 Norwegian_Southcentral
6.64221349 Swedish_Götaland
7.11619983 Belgian
8.04421531 Swedish_West-Svealand
8.43976895 Swedish

Distance to: English_Midlands
0.62609903 English_Southeast
1.32098448 English_Southwest
1.40042851 English_North
2.16820202 Welsh
2.35679868 Dutch
2.90401446 Dutch_Central
3.03953944 Scottish
3.56481416 German_Northwest
3.91437096 French_Brittany
3.95051895 Dutch_South
4.34120951 Dutch_North
4.53614374 Irish
5.68618501 Icelandic
5.73736002 Belgian
6.64092614 Danish
7.00726052 Norwegian
7.29856150 Norwegian_Southcentral
7.36950473 Swedish_Götaland
7.77344197 French_North
8.61926911 Swedish_West-Svealand

Smaller regions

Distance to: Welsh_South
0.89587946 British_Ulster
1.09603832 Scottish_North-Highlands
1.12214081 Scottish_East
1.44048603 Scottish_Northeast
1.45718907 Irish_Leinster
1.61632299 Scottish_Southwest
1.78742832 English_Yorkshire
2.02039600 Welsh_North
2.07144877 English_Northeast
2.18006881 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.21085956 English_West-Country
2.24548436 English_Lancashire
2.38512054 English_West-Midlands
2.64654492 Cornish
2.66475140 Scottish_Orkney
2.67074896 English_Southeast
2.68279705 Scottish_Shetland
2.80873637 Irish_Connacht
2.91391489 English_East-Midlands
2.91659048 Irish_Munster

Distance to: Welsh_North
1.17732748 Scottish_North-Highlands
1.18228592 Irish_Leinster
1.26142776 Scottish_Northeast
1.45972600 Scottish_East
1.51198545 Scottish_Southwest
1.70575496 British_Ulster
1.81590198 English_Yorkshire
2.02039600 Welsh_South
2.10444767 Irish_Munster
2.11042650 Scottish_Orkney
2.21540064 English_Lancashire
2.30603556 Irish_Connacht
2.43113142 Cornish
2.45900386 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.50525448 Irish_Ulster
2.52659850 English_West-Country
2.94477503 English_Northeast
3.12576391 English_West-Midlands
3.35401252 Scottish_Shetland
3.69314229 English_Southeast

Distance to: Scottish_Southwest
0.72656727 Scottish_East
0.86942510 Irish_Leinster
0.92184597 Scottish_North-Highlands
0.99020200 British_Ulster
1.11664677 Scottish_Northeast
1.49979999 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
1.51198545 Welsh_North
1.61632299 Welsh_South
1.63312584 Irish_Connacht
1.64286335 English_Yorkshire
1.65861388 Irish_Munster
2.16305340 Scottish_Orkney
2.22114835 English_Lancashire
2.28398774 Irish_Ulster
2.61906472 Scottish_Shetland
2.66101484 English_Northeast
2.96866974 English_West-Country
3.00896992 English_West-Midlands
3.03952299 Cornish
3.49799943 English_Southeast

Distance to: Scottish_Shetland
1.64805946 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.24075880 Scottish_Northeast
2.30705440 Icelandic
2.43045263 Scottish_Orkney
2.58278919 German_Westphalia
2.61906472 Scottish_Southwest
2.66825786 Scottish_East
2.68279705 Welsh_South
2.69074339 English_Northeast
2.73499543 British_Ulster
2.77140758 English_Yorkshire
2.87998264 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.94062918 Dutch_North-Holland
2.96770955 German_Lower_Saxony_South
3.02889419 Irish_Connacht
3.04246610 Irish_Leinster
3.21711050 English_Lancashire
3.23788511 Dutch_Overijssel
3.31451354 German_Lower_Saxony_North
3.35401252 Welsh_North

Distance to: Scottish_Orkney
1.51277890 Scottish_Northeast
1.54408549 English_Yorkshire
1.79591202 English_Lancashire
2.05696378 Scottish_East
2.11042650 Welsh_North
2.15976851 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.16305340 Scottish_Southwest
2.19015981 English_Northeast
2.43045263 Scottish_Shetland
2.43244733 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.53398895 Irish_Leinster
2.64531662 British_Ulster
2.66475140 Welsh_South
2.79942851 Dutch_North-Holland
2.85038594 English_West-Midlands
3.02062907 Dutch_Overijssel
3.04519293 English_West-Country
3.08715079 Irish_Connacht
3.11533305 Cornish
3.16584902 Irish_Munster

Distance to: Scottish_North-Highlands
0.52810984 Scottish_East
0.66294796 Irish_Leinster
0.79429214 British_Ulster
0.92184597 Scottish_Southwest
0.95503927 Scottish_Northeast
1.09603832 Welsh_South
1.17732748 Welsh_North
1.37440896 English_Yorkshire
1.90170976 English_Lancashire
2.00114967 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.15976851 Scottish_Orkney
2.17499425 Irish_Munster
2.22308344 Irish_Connacht
2.25499446 English_West-Country
2.33340952 English_Northeast
2.39100397 Cornish
2.56949411 English_West-Midlands
2.63150147 Irish_Ulster
2.87998264 Scottish_Shetland
3.03506178 English_Southeast

Distance to: Scottish_Northeast
0.90917545 Scottish_East
0.95503927 Scottish_North-Highlands
1.11664677 Scottish_Southwest
1.12369925 English_Yorkshire
1.25459157 Irish_Leinster
1.26142776 Welsh_North
1.33895482 British_Ulster
1.44048603 Welsh_South
1.51277890 Scottish_Orkney
1.68113057 English_Lancashire
1.71146136 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.00067489 English_Northeast
2.24075880 Scottish_Shetland
2.28858035 Irish_Connacht
2.36251984 Irish_Munster
2.45350769 English_West-Country
2.56230365 English_West-Midlands
2.62648053 Cornish
2.94667609 Irish_Ulster
3.07923692 English_Southeast

Distance to: Scottish_East
0.52810984 Scottish_North-Highlands
0.72656727 Scottish_Southwest
0.87909044 British_Ulster
0.90917545 Scottish_Northeast
0.96145723 Irish_Leinster
1.12214081 Welsh_South
1.17749735 English_Yorkshire
1.45972600 Welsh_North
1.71988372 English_Lancashire
1.90800943 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.05696378 Scottish_Orkney
2.11014218 English_Northeast
2.26773014 Irish_Connacht
2.27918845 Irish_Munster
2.31924557 English_West-Country
2.36300656 English_West-Midlands
2.45332428 Cornish
2.66825786 Scottish_Shetland
2.83628278 Irish_Ulster
2.84561066 English_Southeast

Distance to: Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
1.49261515 Irish_Connacht
1.49979999 Scottish_Southwest
1.64805946 Scottish_Shetland
1.71076007 British_Ulster
1.71146136 Scottish_Northeast
1.87272529 Irish_Leinster
1.90800943 Scottish_East
1.95453319 Irish_Munster
2.00114967 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.18006881 Welsh_South
2.43244733 Scottish_Orkney
2.45900386 Welsh_North
2.49711834 Irish_Ulster
2.51205095 English_Yorkshire
3.09189262 English_Northeast
3.13431013 English_Lancashire
3.15540806 Icelandic
3.35666501 Dutch_North-Holland
3.68815672 German_Westphalia
3.87815678 English_West-Midlands

Distance to: Irish_Ulster
0.87177979 Irish_Munster
1.19075606 Irish_Connacht
2.07140049 Irish_Leinster
2.28398774 Scottish_Southwest
2.49537572 British_Ulster
2.49711834 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.50525448 Welsh_North
2.63150147 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.83628278 Scottish_East
2.94667609 Scottish_Northeast
3.30062115 Welsh_South
3.72150507 English_Yorkshire
3.78776979 Scottish_Orkney
4.07002457 Scottish_Shetland
4.28040886 English_Lancashire
4.66539387 Cornish
4.66938968 English_West-Country
4.79887487 English_Northeast
5.13091610 English_West-Midlands
5.23054490 Dutch_North-Holland

Distance to: Irish_Munster
0.71449283 Irish_Connacht
0.87177979 Irish_Ulster
1.65096941 Irish_Leinster
1.65861388 Scottish_Southwest
1.95453319 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.10444767 Welsh_North
2.11525412 British_Ulster
2.17499425 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.27918845 Scottish_East
2.36251984 Scottish_Northeast
2.91659048 Welsh_South
3.11627983 English_Yorkshire
3.16584902 Scottish_Orkney
3.46304779 Scottish_Shetland
3.66811941 English_Lancashire
4.22085299 English_Northeast
4.25159970 Cornish
4.31270217 English_West-Country
4.59982608 Dutch_North-Holland
4.60390052 English_West-Midlands

Distance to: Irish_Leinster
0.66294796 Scottish_North-Highlands
0.78879655 British_Ulster
0.86942510 Scottish_Southwest
0.96145723 Scottish_East
1.18228592 Welsh_North
1.25459157 Scottish_Northeast
1.45718907 Welsh_South
1.65096941 Irish_Munster
1.76510623 Irish_Connacht
1.87272529 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
1.88639869 English_Yorkshire
2.07140049 Irish_Ulster
2.43109029 English_Lancashire
2.53398895 Scottish_Orkney
2.76248077 English_West-Country
2.82856854 Cornish
2.90149961 English_Northeast
3.04246610 Scottish_Shetland
3.16094922 English_West-Midlands
3.61763735 English_Southeast

Distance to: Irish_Connacht
0.71449283 Irish_Munster
1.19075606 Irish_Ulster
1.49261515 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
1.63312584 Scottish_Southwest
1.76510623 Irish_Leinster
2.02138566 British_Ulster
2.22308344 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.26773014 Scottish_East
2.28858035 Scottish_Northeast
2.30603556 Welsh_North
2.80873637 Welsh_South
3.02889419 Scottish_Shetland
3.08715079 Scottish_Orkney
3.10655758 English_Yorkshire
3.70631893 English_Lancashire
4.07655492 English_Northeast
4.27830574 Icelandic
4.34776954 Dutch_North-Holland
4.36296917 English_West-Country
4.44693153 Cornish

Distance to: English_Yorkshire
0.67668309 English_Lancashire
1.12369925 Scottish_Northeast
1.17749735 Scottish_East
1.37440896 Scottish_North-Highlands
1.38108653 English_Northeast
1.54408549 Scottish_Orkney
1.64286335 Scottish_Southwest
1.74811327 English_West-Midlands
1.78742832 Welsh_South
1.81590198 Welsh_North
1.88639869 Irish_Leinster
1.89000000 British_Ulster
1.93814344 English_West-Country
2.02417885 Cornish
2.30152124 English_Southeast
2.48455227 English_East-Midlands
2.51205095 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
2.77140758 Scottish_Shetland
2.92564523 Dutch_North-Holland
3.10655758 Irish_Connacht

Distance to: English_West-Midlands
0.71519228 English_Southeast
1.07205410 English_East-Midlands
1.30977097 English_Northeast
1.41509717 English_West-Country
1.43150271 English_Lancashire
1.61687971 English_East
1.74811327 English_Yorkshire
1.82197695 Cornish
2.36300656 Scottish_East
2.38512054 Welsh_South
2.56230365 Scottish_Northeast
2.56949411 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.85038594 Scottish_Orkney
2.91955476 British_Ulster
3.00896992 Scottish_Southwest
3.09121335 Dutch_North-Brabant
3.12576391 Welsh_North
3.16094922 Irish_Leinster
3.23366665 Dutch_Gelderland
3.30749150 Dutch_South-Holland

Distance to: English_West-Country
1.05740248 Cornish
1.41509717 English_West-Midlands
1.71872045 English_Southeast
1.79027931 English_Lancashire
1.81714061 English_East-Midlands
1.93814344 English_Yorkshire
2.06804255 English_Northeast
2.21085956 Welsh_South
2.25499446 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.31924557 Scottish_East
2.45350769 Scottish_Northeast
2.47535856 English_East
2.52659850 Welsh_North
2.68106322 British_Ulster
2.76248077 Irish_Leinster
2.96866974 Scottish_Southwest
3.04519293 Scottish_Orkney
3.39813184 Dutch_North-Brabant
3.69664713 French_Brittany
3.96199445 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd

Distance to: English_Southeast
0.71519228 English_West-Midlands
0.73729234 English_East-Midlands
1.16481758 English_East
1.56671631 English_Northeast
1.71872045 English_West-Country
2.04399119 English_Lancashire
2.29074224 Cornish
2.30152124 English_Yorkshire
2.50788756 Dutch_North-Brabant
2.67074896 Welsh_South
2.84561066 Scottish_East
2.90155131 Dutch_South-Holland
3.03506178 Scottish_North-Highlands
3.07923692 Scottish_Northeast
3.10694384 Dutch_Gelderland
3.27601893 British_Ulster
3.39459865 German_Westphalia
3.40249908 Scottish_Orkney
3.49799943 Scottish_Southwest
3.51098277 German_Lower_Saxony_South

Distance to: English_Northeast
1.30977097 English_West-Midlands
1.33000000 English_Lancashire
1.38108653 English_Yorkshire
1.54512135 English_East-Midlands
1.56671631 English_Southeast
2.00067489 Scottish_Northeast
2.06804255 English_West-Country
2.07144877 Welsh_South
2.11014218 Scottish_East
2.19015981 Scottish_Orkney
2.33340952 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.46823824 English_East
2.51620746 Cornish
2.60697142 British_Ulster
2.64648824 German_Westphalia
2.66101484 Scottish_Southwest
2.69074339 Scottish_Shetland
2.83901391 Dutch_North-Holland
2.90149961 Irish_Leinster
2.92355947 German_Lower_Saxony_South

Distance to: English_Lancashire
0.67668309 English_Yorkshire
1.33000000 English_Northeast
1.43150271 English_West-Midlands
1.68113057 Scottish_Northeast
1.71988372 Scottish_East
1.72812037 Cornish
1.79027931 English_West-Country
1.79591202 Scottish_Orkney
1.90170976 Scottish_North-Highlands
2.04399119 English_Southeast
2.17598254 English_East-Midlands
2.21540064 Welsh_North
2.22114835 Scottish_Southwest
2.24548436 Welsh_South
2.43109029 Irish_Leinster
2.47269084 British_Ulster
2.84170723 English_East
3.06817535 Dutch_North-Holland
3.13431013 Scottish_Gaidhealtachd
3.21711050 Scottish_Shetland

Distance to: English_East-Midlands
0.73729234 English_Southeast
1.07205410 English_West-Midlands
1.24048378 English_East
1.54512135 English_Northeast
1.81714061 English_West-Country
2.17598254 English_Lancashire
2.23591145 Dutch_North-Brabant
2.40800748 Cornish
2.42190008 Dutch_South-Holland
2.48455227 English_Yorkshire
2.91391489 Welsh_South
3.16697016 Scottish_East
3.18905942 Dutch_Gelderland
3.21121472 Scottish_Northeast
3.31321596 Scottish_North-Highlands
3.42363842 German_Westphalia
3.45543051 Scottish_Orkney
3.56297628 German_Lower_Saxony_South
3.58470361 British_Ulster
3.82368932 Scottish_Southwest

Distance to: English_East
1.16481758 English_Southeast
1.24048378 English_East-Midlands
1.61687971 English_West-Midlands
1.99702278 Dutch_North-Brabant
2.46823824 English_Northeast
2.47535856 English_West-Country
2.63438797 Dutch_South-Holland
2.84170723 English_Lancashire
2.87097544 Cornish
2.95616305 Dutch_Gelderland
3.25818968 English_Yorkshire
3.41027858 French_Brittany
3.76378799 Welsh_South
3.85438711 Flemish
3.89916658 Scottish_East
4.00842862 German_Westphalia
4.03313774 German_Lower_Saxony_South
4.07155990 Scottish_North-Highlands
4.11141095 Scottish_Northeast
4.22532839 Scottish_Orkney

[J. Ketch]

There are political divides in every country, it doesn't come close to outweighing the relative cultural similarities between the nations.


I don't have stats at hand, but from all the results I've seen, those nationalities are never confused, at most they overstimate minor percentages.

Just as an example, my English side (from 50 mins away from the Welsh border) rightly gets almost no Welsh in commercial tests:
https://i.postimg.cc/tgbSY0RJ/ancsept21.jpg
https://i.postimg.cc/mrpV7YYH/Opera-Snapshot-2020-02-05-142842-my-livingdna-com.png
By contrast, here is the result of the Welsh member on Anthrogenica Phoebe Watts, just across the border in North Wales. 95% Welsh, 2% English.

https://i.postimg.cc/cHx7JsJQ/72-A26-A11-44-B1-4-E3-C-9345-CC849-A4453-E0.jpg

[J. Ketch]

K36 PCA of British Isles regions, with sample numbers

https://i.postimg.cc/1yRTH8sT/Vahaduo-Custom-PCA-3.png
https://i.postimg.cc/pWKqxvPz/Vahaduo-Custom-PCA-4.png

Notes:
-K36 shows a sharper contrast between English and Insular Celts than other calculators, particularly Welsh
-Yorkshire shows it's Danish shift, unlike in K13
-Scottish are more continental/Germanic shifted than Welsh here, although I'm sure it varies by region
-Leinster once again shows up as far more continental/English shifted than other Irish provinces
-Just like in the POBI study, Southeast and Central England are shown to be practically identical, one large cluster that covers most English people
https://i.postimg.cc/QVGFLYG7/v2web-genetics-map.jpg
https://i.postimg.cc/Vf6HFP8p/image.png