Shubotai
08-26-2022, 06:24 PM
Introduction
Q-M3 is the ideal haplotype for describing American Indians/Amerindians as it excludes later Inuit and Na-Dene waves with the types Q-NWT01, C-P39 and the wave with haplogroup Q-Z780, Q-L330 groupings which can be used together for naming Native Americans as a whole. Also, is more suitable than the term Indigenous Americans which would include early human dispersals in America as well.
There are suggestions that much of Q-M3 diversity was lost due to colonization, however undertesting seems to be the main case here as well.
Tree
Q-M3 (Xiongnu) [American Indians]
Q-Y4308/Y4303/Y4276/FGC8469 (Chukotka, Alaska, Tupi) [North American Indians]
(Siberian Eskimos, Algonquian>Wampanoags>Massachusetts, USA, Mexico, Sioux)
B34/Z35702 [Iroquois, Alaska, Koryaks]
FGC12919/Y4321 [Timucua/Muskogean/Algic/Siouan]
Y18423
CTS11268/Y4294/Y4300 [Algonquian]
YP1464
Y6150/Y6131 (Massachusetts)
L766 (New Mexico)
Q-M848 (*Starcluster for American Indians) [South American Indians]
M19 (Ticuna, Wayuu, Tobas) [Ticuna]
M194 (South American populations)
M199/P106/P292 (South American populations)
SA01 (South America-Andes, Peru, Bolivia)
CTS11357/M925 [Panama, Medellin] (Colombia, Nicaragua, Panama, USA, Peru,
Brazil-Karitiana, Mexico, El Salvador, Mexico-Tohono O'odham) [Macro-Chibchan]
CTS748 [Mexicans] [Uto-Aztecan]
Z768 (Mexico City)
M818/CTS10853/CTS2515/YP4763 [Mayans]
CTS6060
CTS10033 [Mexicans]
L663
CTS7417
YP4570
Y12421 [Macro-Chibchan]
FT81458 [Karitiana/Tupian] [proto-Tupi]
BZ4012 (United States)
YP5753
Y166185
Y26547 [Karitiana]
FT332038 [Karitiana, Arikem]
Z35840 [Lima] (Peru-Cachis)
PF1337.2/Z35901 (Peru)
Z5906/Z8028 [Cusco] (Peru, Peru-Quechua, Bolivia, Argentina) [Incas]
Z5908/Z19301 [Lima] (Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Peru-Quechua) [Calchaquí]
Y789/Z5913/Z19357 [Lima] (Brazil-Maxakali, Peru, Chaco)
Z5914 [Peru]
Y818
Z35630
Z35752
Z19432 [Lima, Brazil] (Brazil-Xavante, Brazil, Peru, Brazil) [Macro-Jê]
Z5915 (Peru>Lima)
MPB122 [may have expanded with Tupi-Guarani]
FGC4458
Y165186
FGC47007 [may have expanded with Tupi-Guarani]
SK281/Z6659/MPB096 (Peru) [Peru>Lima, Brazil>Minas Gerais]
CTS2731 [Oaxaca] (Mexico, Texas, Mexico-Zapotec) [Oto-Manguean]
Y27992/Y27993/Y27994 (Mexico, Argentina-Chane) [Arawakan>Chané]
CTS133 (Mexico)
B43/PF1076.2/Z35491/Z35497 (Argentina-Wichis) [Matacoan/Mataguayan]
Z35706 (Peru)
CTS44 (Medellin, Colombia)
Z35737 (Peru)
Z35742 (Peru)
Z35747 (Peru)
BZ3401 (Brazil)[found in Karitiana, Macro-Jê]
A1211 [Massachusetts] (Wappingers, Mohicans) [found in Eastern Algonquian]
Notes
1. Majority of Mayan population belongs to haplogroup Q-M3>Q-M848.
2. Sioux seem to be an equal blend of haplogroups Q-M3>Q-Y4308, C-M217>C-P39, Q-Z780>Q-L456 and R-M207>M173.
3. Tupi family spans quite a few haplogroups including Q-M925>Q-FT81458, Q-Z19432, Q-Y202441, Q-Y126607 etc.
4. There are 5-6 native Peruvian haplogroups Q-SK281, Q-Z6658, Q-Y788, Q-Z5908, Q-Z35841, Q-Z5906 and also the more special in distribution Q-MPB139 (Uros of Peruvian Altiplano and the Pasto of the Ecuadorian Altiplano) which may have all benefited from the Inca empire and Quechua-Aymara linguistic expansion.
Sources:
1. ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2019-2020 (https://isogg.org/tree/) 2020
2. Human Y chromosome sequences from Q Haplogroup reveal a South American settlement pre-18,000 years ago and a profound genomic impact during the Younger Dryas (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271971) 2022
3. Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004221004557) 2021
4. Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6871036_Asymmetric_Male_and_Female_Genetic_Histori es_among_Native_Americans_from_Eastern_North_Ameri ca) 2006
Q-M3 is the ideal haplotype for describing American Indians/Amerindians as it excludes later Inuit and Na-Dene waves with the types Q-NWT01, C-P39 and the wave with haplogroup Q-Z780, Q-L330 groupings which can be used together for naming Native Americans as a whole. Also, is more suitable than the term Indigenous Americans which would include early human dispersals in America as well.
There are suggestions that much of Q-M3 diversity was lost due to colonization, however undertesting seems to be the main case here as well.
Tree
Q-M3 (Xiongnu) [American Indians]
Q-Y4308/Y4303/Y4276/FGC8469 (Chukotka, Alaska, Tupi) [North American Indians]
(Siberian Eskimos, Algonquian>Wampanoags>Massachusetts, USA, Mexico, Sioux)
B34/Z35702 [Iroquois, Alaska, Koryaks]
FGC12919/Y4321 [Timucua/Muskogean/Algic/Siouan]
Y18423
CTS11268/Y4294/Y4300 [Algonquian]
YP1464
Y6150/Y6131 (Massachusetts)
L766 (New Mexico)
Q-M848 (*Starcluster for American Indians) [South American Indians]
M19 (Ticuna, Wayuu, Tobas) [Ticuna]
M194 (South American populations)
M199/P106/P292 (South American populations)
SA01 (South America-Andes, Peru, Bolivia)
CTS11357/M925 [Panama, Medellin] (Colombia, Nicaragua, Panama, USA, Peru,
Brazil-Karitiana, Mexico, El Salvador, Mexico-Tohono O'odham) [Macro-Chibchan]
CTS748 [Mexicans] [Uto-Aztecan]
Z768 (Mexico City)
M818/CTS10853/CTS2515/YP4763 [Mayans]
CTS6060
CTS10033 [Mexicans]
L663
CTS7417
YP4570
Y12421 [Macro-Chibchan]
FT81458 [Karitiana/Tupian] [proto-Tupi]
BZ4012 (United States)
YP5753
Y166185
Y26547 [Karitiana]
FT332038 [Karitiana, Arikem]
Z35840 [Lima] (Peru-Cachis)
PF1337.2/Z35901 (Peru)
Z5906/Z8028 [Cusco] (Peru, Peru-Quechua, Bolivia, Argentina) [Incas]
Z5908/Z19301 [Lima] (Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Peru-Quechua) [Calchaquí]
Y789/Z5913/Z19357 [Lima] (Brazil-Maxakali, Peru, Chaco)
Z5914 [Peru]
Y818
Z35630
Z35752
Z19432 [Lima, Brazil] (Brazil-Xavante, Brazil, Peru, Brazil) [Macro-Jê]
Z5915 (Peru>Lima)
MPB122 [may have expanded with Tupi-Guarani]
FGC4458
Y165186
FGC47007 [may have expanded with Tupi-Guarani]
SK281/Z6659/MPB096 (Peru) [Peru>Lima, Brazil>Minas Gerais]
CTS2731 [Oaxaca] (Mexico, Texas, Mexico-Zapotec) [Oto-Manguean]
Y27992/Y27993/Y27994 (Mexico, Argentina-Chane) [Arawakan>Chané]
CTS133 (Mexico)
B43/PF1076.2/Z35491/Z35497 (Argentina-Wichis) [Matacoan/Mataguayan]
Z35706 (Peru)
CTS44 (Medellin, Colombia)
Z35737 (Peru)
Z35742 (Peru)
Z35747 (Peru)
BZ3401 (Brazil)[found in Karitiana, Macro-Jê]
A1211 [Massachusetts] (Wappingers, Mohicans) [found in Eastern Algonquian]
Notes
1. Majority of Mayan population belongs to haplogroup Q-M3>Q-M848.
2. Sioux seem to be an equal blend of haplogroups Q-M3>Q-Y4308, C-M217>C-P39, Q-Z780>Q-L456 and R-M207>M173.
3. Tupi family spans quite a few haplogroups including Q-M925>Q-FT81458, Q-Z19432, Q-Y202441, Q-Y126607 etc.
4. There are 5-6 native Peruvian haplogroups Q-SK281, Q-Z6658, Q-Y788, Q-Z5908, Q-Z35841, Q-Z5906 and also the more special in distribution Q-MPB139 (Uros of Peruvian Altiplano and the Pasto of the Ecuadorian Altiplano) which may have all benefited from the Inca empire and Quechua-Aymara linguistic expansion.
Sources:
1. ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2019-2020 (https://isogg.org/tree/) 2020
2. Human Y chromosome sequences from Q Haplogroup reveal a South American settlement pre-18,000 years ago and a profound genomic impact during the Younger Dryas (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271971) 2022
3. Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004221004557) 2021
4. Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6871036_Asymmetric_Male_and_Female_Genetic_Histori es_among_Native_Americans_from_Eastern_North_Ameri ca) 2006