Insular Celts in Galicia

[Eurafricanid]

In ILLUSTRATIVE DNA, I always have to uncheck Insular Celtic, because it's always present if I let it in, could it be real, or is it just an "artifact", also what do you think is the prevalence of Insular Celtic DNA in Galicia? Discuss.

https://i.imgur.com/aoUsNW9.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Britonia6hcentury.png/800px-Britonia6hcentury.png

[Solitude]

try uncheck France , Sardinia , Roman Sardinian , North Africa , Roman North Africa and let me know if insular celt still appear , and what happen when you only uncheck insular celt what is result?

[Jingle Bell]

Insular Celt + Iberian/Italy is prob just a way to represent a more North shift, could be just Hallsttat-like DNA begin misread or a Germanic influence? Far ik Britons rly did get in Galicia but at very insiginificant numbers and left no presence, its almost impossible see any IC-like surname or shift in Galicia, Portugal did not recieved any Britons and have a identical genetic profile to Galicia, if Britons left any impact is for sure less than like 5% and cannot be effieciently separated in g25 imo

[Eurafricanid]

Insular Celt + Iberian/Italy is prob just a way to represent a more North shift, could be just Hallsttat-like DNA begin misread or a Germanic influence? Far ik Britons rly did get in Galicia but at very insiginificant numbers and left no presence, its almost impossible see any IC-like surname or shift in Galicia, Portugal did not recieved any Britons and have a identical genetic profile to Galicia, if Britons left any impact is for sure less than like 5% and cannot be effieciently separated in g25 imo

Yeah, it's very clear now with the 3way periodical:
https://i.imgur.com/vZNy5zE.png

[Melkiirs]

Insular Celt + Iberian/Italy is prob just a way to represent a more North shift, could be just Hallsttat-like DNA begin misread or a Germanic influence? Far ik Britons rly did get in Galicia but at very insiginificant numbers and left no presence, its almost impossible see any IC-like surname or shift in Galicia, Portugal did not recieved any Britons and have a identical genetic profile to Galicia, if Britons left any impact is for sure less than like 5% and cannot be effieciently separated in g25 imo

The Insular Celtic settlement was in the 5th/6th centuries before major migration from Galicia southward during the Reconquista. Could Portuguese have received Insular Celtic admixture indirectly from Galicia?

[Jingle Bell]

The Insular Celtic settlement was in the 5th/6th centuries before major migration from Galicia southward during the Reconquista. Could Portuguese have received Insular Celtic admixture indirectly from Galicia?

K its probable, but also Galicia & Portugal have identical profiles to regions like Extremadura, Andalusia, Murcia, Castille N Leon and other regions that for sure didnt received any Briton input, that means or that thye got no noticiable Briton impact or is/was very low.

[Beowulf]

Do you also get it in G25?

[Eurafricanid]

Do you also get it in G25?

Maybe? IDK, but I'm pretty sure that ILLUSTRATIVE DNA uses G25.

[Voskos]

It's either true Celtic stuff or generic Atlantic stuff or both.

[Grace O'Malley]

It there was any significant Insular Celtic ancestry in Galicia that was unique to that part of Spain they should cluster more north than other Spanish regions. As far as I'm aware Galicia clusters with the rest of Spain and Portugal. Compare Brittany for example which clusters differently than the rest of France and genetically is closer to Ireland and Britain.


To further investigate the genetic history of people from Northwestern France, we first performed a PCA on our entire WGS dataset merged with genotype data from 20 diverse Northern and Western European populations (41,42). In agreement with the previously reported isolation-by-distance pattern in Europe (43), we found that French samples are continuously distributed along the axis connecting Southwestern (i.e., Spain) and Northwestern (i.e., Ireland/UK) Europe (Fig. 3a). Individuals from Central/Southwestern France appear closer to samples from Spain whereas individuals from Brittany appear at the other extreme and closer to samples from Ireland/UK. While individuals from Brittany fall onto the axis and overlap with the Irish, Welsh and Cornish samples, samples from Eastern Great Britain show a slight shift towards Central Europe. These results support the idea of increased genetic proximity between Brittany and Ireland, as previously suggested (44). In contrast with Brittany and similarly to what we observe for samples from Eastern Great Britain, individuals from Northern and Eastern France show a slight shift towards Central Europe (represented here mainly by Germany).




To further investigate the contribution of other European populations to the genetic makeup of Northwestern France we used the regression-based statistical approach implemented in GLOBETROTTER software (45). We found that all of the seven French populations showed evidence of admixture (P < 0.0001). In agreement with the PCA results, three main sources of ancestry – North/Central, Northwestern and Southwestern Europe - were consistently found across these seven populations. The North/Central component derives mainly from Denmark and/or Belgium, the Northwestern component from Ireland and the Southwestern one from Spain and/or Italy (Fig. S3.2). While Hauts-de-France (HAU) and Grand Est (GRA) ancestries show evidence of single admixture events, with predominant and similar contributions from the North/Central and the Southwestern components, the remaining populations (BRE, NOR, PAY and NOU) show evidence of multiple waves of admixture (the best-guess model could not be inferred for CEN). PAY (Pays-de-la-Loire) and NOU (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) show evidence of mixed ancestries of predominant Southwestern European origins and the population of Brittany (BRI) was found to trace back ∼23.5% of its DNA to Ireland vs. 14% or less found in any other French population. Brittany is also the region where Cornwall has contributed the most to ancestry (∼9% vs. 3.1-3.4% across the remaining populations).


To confirm the proportions of ancestry in relation with these external groups, we performed supervised clustering considering Ireland, Germany and Spain as putative sources of ancestry for the French samples. We found that the Irish component accounts for >75% of the ancestry in ∼50% of the individuals from Brittany (Fig. 3b), while it contributes to a much lesser extent to the genetic composition of the other regions (8-33%). On the other side of the spectrum, a Spanish-like component accounts for the largest proportion (∼70%) in Nouvelle-Aquitaine (NOU), while German-like ancestry is predominant among individuals from Northern and Eastern France (Normandie, NOR; Hauts-de-France, HAU; Grand Est, GRA), with its proportion increasing with the geographical proximity to the German border.


When considering the three clusters inferred by fineSTRUCTURE in Northwestern France, we observe the same ancestry pattern for WBR as for Brittany, with a major Irish component. Consistently with this result, the smallest FST values between the WBR group and other non- French populations were retrieved with the Irish and Northern Irish populations (0.00057 and 0.00062, respectively, Fig. S3.3). The only French population showing lower pairwise FST with WBR is the neighbouring EBP (FST=0.00028, Fig. S1.5). Finally, among the three clusters, SLO carries the largest Spanish-related ancestry while EBP carries similar proportions of the Irish- and Spanish-related components, reflecting its intermediary position between WBR and SLO. In summary, our results indicate that people from Brittany show strong genetic affinities with populations from Western Britain and Ireland, although separated by the Celtic sea.


To measure the relationship between the genetic clusters found in Northwestern France and other European populations, we used the outgroup f3-statistics to assess the genetic drift shared by pairs of populations relative to the outgroup population (Mbuti)(46,47). Given that this statistic reflects the length of the branch from the internal node to the outgroup (connecting the pair of populations being tested), it is not affected by lineage-specific genetic drift, contrarily to FST. We found that most French clusters located north of the river Loire share the largest drift with Southwestern Welsh populations (i.e., from Dyfed), whereas those located south to the river Loire share the largest drift with the Basques (Fig. 3c, Table S1.1). The f4-statistics of the form f4(Mbuti, French subgroup; Dyfed, X), which should produce significantly positive values when the tested population shares more alleles with X than Dyfed, show that the French subgroups from areas south to the river Loire consistently share more alleles with the Basques than with the Southwestern Welsh. Conversely, those located north to the river Loire share the largest amount of alleles with Southwestern Welsh and other populations from Great Britain and Scandinavia (Fig. 3d, Fig. S3.4).

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478491v2.full

A very interesting study if anyone wants to read it. Anyway if there is Insular Celtic ancestry in Galicia it should be able to be picked up by a genetic study like the ones done on France.

[Grace O'Malley]

If people read the French study above further as well it is interesting that they connect this Irish affinity that Brittany has with the Bronze Age and more Bell Beaker affinity or Steppe related ancestry.


Altogether, these results indicate that the largest contribution of steppe-related ancestry in present-day France is found across the regions located north to the Loire River, and that WBR shares similar levels of steppe ancestry only with other populations living along the northwestern shores of the European continent (e.g., Ireland, Scotland, Orkney Islands, Iceland and Norway).


In conclusion, the patterns of genetic structure observed across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin mainly reflect the likely combined effect of linguistics and geographic features. This lends further support to the idea that local population differentiation exists, as it has been shown within other countries (3,5), and can be detected at geographical distances as small as a few tens of kilometres even in the absence of major geographical barriers. Within this structured genetic landscape, Brittany reveals a history of isolation from the rest of France together with a strong legacy of the important genetic changes (i.e. the introduction of steppe ancestry) that followed the arrival, in Northwestern Europe, of people associated with the Bell Beaker complex from north-central Europe ∼2500 BCE. A similar scenario has been proposed for the present-day Celtic populations in the western part of the British Isles - the Welsh and Irish - who display elevated haplotype sharing with Bronze Age samples(55) and strong genetic affinities with pre-Anglo-Saxon samples from Britain(62). Our results imply that: 1) a scenario in which Mediaeval population movements along the English Channel and the Atlantic façade, such as those related to incoming Western Britons in Brittany during the 4-6th century CE or the Viking incursions ∼8-9th century CE, are unlikely to be the main explanation for the close genetic between the northwestern edges of the European continent; and 2) a long-history of shared ancestry between Brittany and Ireland/Western Britain followed by their relative isolation explains the sharing of disease-related alleles such as those associated with hemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis and lactase persistence.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478491v2.full

What would be interesting for Spain and Portugal should be included is a study like the one above although I think it would be obvious now if Galicia had a stronger affinity with places like Brittany and Insular Celt populations that set it apart from the rest of Iberia. I still would love to see a study done looking at something like that.

[ScandinavianCelt]

In ILLUSTRATIVE DNA, I always have to uncheck Insular Celtic, because it's always present if I let it in, could it be real, or is it just an "artifact", also what do you think is the prevalence of Insular Celtic DNA in Galicia? Discuss.

https://i.imgur.com/aoUsNW9.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Britonia6hcentury.png/800px-Britonia6hcentury.png

I ran Galicia samples on the language calculator at no ADC using "G25 Modern Scaled" samples:


Target: Spanish_Galicia:HG01704
Distance: 0.9299% / 0.00929921
21.8 Sardinian
21.0 Basque:Spanish
17.0 Germanic:Icelandic
8.6 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
7.0 Western_Romance:Italian_Bergamo
6.8 Balto-Slavic:Macedonian
5.6 Germanic:German
2.0 Semitic:Arabic
1.8 Etruscan:Mekh_Rasnal
1.8 Dravidian:Brahui
1.6 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
1.0 Tajik:Yagnobi
1.0 Indo-Aryan:Punjabi_Jatt
1.0 Etruscan
0.6 Iranian:Parsi
0.6 Indo-Aryan:Kashmiri_Pandit
0.4 Tajik:Shugnan
0.2 Eskimo-Aleut:Eskimo
0.2 Niger-Congo:Luhya_Kenya

Target: Spanish_Galicia:HG01686
Distance: 2.1735% / 0.02173466
51.4 Basque:Spanish
16.0 Celtic:Welsh
11.8 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
7.8 Sardinian
4.6 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
4.0 Semitic:Arabic
2.8 Dravidian:Brahui
1.6 Cushitic:Somali

Target: Spanish_Galicia:HG01685
Distance: 2.7246% / 0.02724585
56.2 Western_Romance:French_Paris
16.4 Sardinian
9.8 Basque:Spanish
9.2 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
4.6 Semitic:Arabic
1.6 Northeast_Caucasian:Avar
1.4 Mycenaean
0.6 Native_American:Mixtec
0.2 Kratevilian:Georgian_Laz

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL8
Distance: 1.4021% / 0.01402119
42.8 Western_Romance:Spanish_Aragon
20.2 Basque:French
19.6 Celtic:Irish
12.4 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
4.2 Minoan
0.8 Sino-Tibetan:Han_NChina

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL74
Distance: 1.9435% / 0.01943494
45.4 Western_Romance:Spanish_Aragon
15.0 Celtic:Welsh
13.4 Sardinian
12.2 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
9.0 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
2.2 Basque:Spanish
2.0 Minoan
0.8 Semitic:Hebrew

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL71
Distance: 1.9732% / 0.01973250
59.0 Western_Romance:French_Paris
30.4 Sardinian
7.0 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
2.0 Indo-Aryan:Sindhi
0.8 Basque:Spanish
0.6 Indo-Aryan:Bengali_Bangladesh
0.2 Niger-Congo:Fulani

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL48
Distance: 1.9255% / 0.01925538
29.4 Western_Romance:Spanish_Aragon
18.2 Celtic:Irish
15.2 Sardinian
13.8 Western_Romance:Italian_Bergamo
10.4 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
4.4 Basque:French
4.4 Germanic:Icelandic
3.8 Kratevilian:Georgian_Imer
0.4 Balto-Slavic:Croatian

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL44
Distance: 2.4681% / 0.02468133
80.6 Basque:French
14.2 Semitic:Hebrew
3.6 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
0.8 Minoan
0.8 Austronesian:Indonesian_Java

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL35
Distance: 1.9272% / 0.01927160
72.0 Basque:French
6.4 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
6.2 Semitic:Hebrew
5.8 Dravidian:Brahui
5.6 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
2.4 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
1.6 Iranian:Parsi

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL3
Distance: 1.3114% / 0.01311393
51.4 Basque:Spanish
22.2 Celtic:Irish
5.4 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
4.8 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
4.6 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
3.6 Kratevilian:Georgian_Imer
3.4 Semitic:Arabic
3.0 Northeast_Caucasian:Avar
0.8 Minoan
0.6 Armenian:Armenian_Hemsheni
0.2 Ancient_Egyptian

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL26
Distance: 2.3346% / 0.02334592
45.8 Celtic:Irish
38.4 Sardinian
3.6 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
3.6 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
2.8 Mycenaean
2.6 Dravidian:Brahui
2.4 Basque:Spanish
0.8 Native_American:Mixtec

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL25
Distance: 1.9783% / 0.01978283
51.4 Basque:Spanish
12.2 Sardinian
10.8 Western_Romance:French_Paris
8.4 Mycenaean
8.2 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
5.0 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
3.0 Northwest_Caucasian:Adygei
1.0 Native_American:Mixtec

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL24
Distance: 2.3594% / 0.02359360
73.8 Basque:French
9.6 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
4.8 Northeast_Caucasian:Avar
4.6 Minoan
3.8 Celtic:Irish
2.6 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
0.6 Uralic:Mari
0.2 Native_American:Mixtec

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL21
Distance: 2.4628% / 0.02462751
33.8 Basque:Spanish
24.2 Basque:French
12.4 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
12.0 Minoan
8.6 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
3.2 Kratevilian:Georgian_Imer
2.2 Celtic:Irish
1.4 Native_American:Mixtec
1.2 Niger-Congo:Fulani
0.8 Balto-Slavic:Macedonian
0.2 Anatolian_Indo_European:Hittite

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL20
Distance: 2.5357% / 0.02535686
51.6 Basque:French
18.2 Celtic:Irish
10.0 Semitic:Arabic
8.2 Minoan
5.6 Kratevilian:Georgian_Imer
4.0 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
0.8 Germanic:Icelandic
0.8 Semitic:Ethiopian_Amhara
0.4 Ancient_Egyptian
0.2 Native_American:Mixtec
0.2 Khoisan:Khomani_San

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL16
Distance: 1.9080% / 0.01907991
19.2 Germanic:Icelandic
17.0 Celtic:Irish
16.0 Minoan
14.4 Basque:Spanish
13.6 Basque:French
7.8 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
4.6 Germanic:English
2.8 Etruscan:Mekh_Rasnal
1.8 Etruscan
1.8 Native_American:Mixtec
0.6 Niger-Congo:Fulani
0.2 Niger-Congo:Luhya_Kenya
0.2 Khoisan:Khomani_San

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL15
Distance: 2.9415% / 0.02941529
42.6 Western_Romance:French_Paris
31.6 Basque:Spanish
9.4 Sardinian
6.4 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
4.2 Northeast_Caucasian:Avar
3.4 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
1.6 Uralic:Mari
0.4 Armenian:Armenian_Hemsheni
0.2 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
0.2 Native_American:Mixtec

Target: Spanish_Galicia:GAL11
Distance: 1.7328% / 0.01732752
45.6 Basque:Spanish
21.8 Western_Romance:Italian_Bergamo
10.4 Sardinian
8.0 Balto-Slavic:Latvian
4.4 Germanic:Icelandic
4.2 Berber:Berber_MAR_TIZ
2.4 Berber:Berber_Tunisia_Chen
1.4 Cushitic:Somali
0.4 Indo-Aryan:Punjabi_Jatt
0.4 Ancient_Egyptian
0.4 Native_American:Mixtec
0.2 Uralic:Mari
0.2 Eskimo-Aleut:Eskimo
0.2 Niger-Congo:Fulani

[Beowulf]

...

Thank you for sharing this Grace!